Text; Hongnongjun
There are always some big people in the world who are surprised, and there is a super loser in Britain - Lord Yau. There is a women's clothing big man in the United States - President Ke. Of course, there is also a small flow of students - Chuan Jianguo. If they are compared with this Indian one, they are all small witches, he is the Indian Mahatma "Gandhi", a spiritual leader who perfectly inherited the Kaihang gene to the Indian people.
Hello officials and gentlemen, what I want to talk about today is the father of the Indian nation who opened the hanging and the road to the founding of the country that he opened the hanging, why today's India will become the master of various riotous operations.
Before I get to the point, I have to explain the word "mahatma," which means that the saint is not enough to describe him, that he is the hero of the saints. Even if the saint was on the same stage as him, he would have to stand in the C position because he was a wristper.
He also has another title, "Father of the Nation", but anyone who has been educated for a few days can understand what the Father of the Nation means. The Father of the Nation is the father of the people of the whole country. Since it is a father, the parents are the best teachers of the child, and as a father, he not only determines the child's genes, but also determines the child's personality and temperament. This is the case with the influence of the so-called original family. So the various operations in India today, after you get to know their dad, I don't think you will be surprised.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the background of the times. </h1>
Detailed information about Gandhi is available online, and I will not go into detail.
Gandhi's brother's origin is quite similar to That of Lord Hill, who is a prime minister of the Tugang gang and has a prominent family. Famous and prestigious family, typical of the second generation of officials. In 1888, at the age of 19, Gandhi went to England to study gilded. Study law. It is intended to return from school and reorganize the family's political plate.
Of course, this Uncle Gan is indeed gifted in this regard. Because when this spiritual boy who grew up in the atmosphere of Hindu education came into contact with Christianity and Islam, he not only did not reject it, but became deeply interested in it, so Gandhi's three views were basically a mixture of Hindu, Islamic, and Christian ideas. This also led to his contact with the ideas of Western civilization, but he was not much affected, but because the religious ideas that penetrated deep into the marrow made him have a great sense of rejection of modern industrial civilization. That's why he was able to say in a public speech:
Instead of developing factories in India, it is better to send the money to Manchester. With manchester's industrial goods, all we lose is money, if we were to build a Manchester in India. Then the morality of our existence will be destroyed, and India will not be suppressed under the iron heel of the British colonizers, but under modern civilization. - Gandhi
The meaning of this brain-clear sentence is obvious, that is, to oppose India's industrialization and ignore the oppression of the colonizers, but to push India's misfortune to modern civilization. You must know that this is in the context of the great wave of global industrialization, and Empress Dowager Cixi knows to engage in a foreign affairs movement. But this dude doesn't care, so Gandhi is such a person who is dominated by religious ideas. He hated industrial civilization, feudalism, superstition, and even did not distinguish between the enemy and the enemy.
It is said that "the temperament of a country's leader will greatly affect the temperament of a country", just imagine, there is such an Indian founding father, congenital conditions determine the genetic defects of this nation. That means that no matter what the nation does, it's no wonder.
Of course, this has a lot to do with the political party he is in, the Indian National Congress Party, the province is a political party founded by feudal capital and bureaucratic compradors, so it is easy to understand how such a political party, driven by interests, can attribute the suffering of the Indian nation to the exploitation of capital and the oppression of the British masters.
Born in a family of officials and eunuchs, he joined the political party of capital, so this grandfather did not know what the suffering of the people was when he was a child, and it was simply impossible to push away imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capital, which were interest classes that were attached to the national shell, that is, the three mountains, like us. Because he is one of them. So understand this first, and then let's look at his joking "non-violent non-cooperation" movement, which seems logical.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > nonviolent non-cooperative movement</h1>
According to the previous statements, this Uncle Gan seems to be a twenty-fifty-eighty thousand, how did such a person become the guide of the Indian independence movement? This should be a sentence, standing on the wind outlet pigs can blow into the sky, everything is a coincidence.
When World War I broke out in June 1914, the military expenditure of the Empire, which was fighting with Germany to the death, was like a flower girl who could not feed herself, making the British gentlemen have weak legs and could not stand up straight, at this time, the colonies all over the world were undoubtedly the best aphrodisiac, and India, which was huge, was naturally the best of this medicine.
Therefore, in order to better raid India and not cause india to rebel, the British government announced the "Montage Declaration" during the war.
The declaration promised to allow India to form a responsible government after the end of the war. This move immediately made the Indian elite think, my God, this is to make India autonomous, so they cheerfully supported the British war, allowing the British gentlemen to change the law and steal the oil from the Indian people. Throughout the war, the British raised Taxes in India by 50%, and also used financial means such as currency release and indiscriminate issuance of money to loot the Indian people.
Inflation caused by indiscriminate issuance of currency from 1914 to 1919 alone has multiplied the price of India as a whole, and by 1919, the price of cloth alone has increased by 2.9 times, which can be described as a lack of livelihood, and during the entire First World War, India contributed in addition to a hundred million pounds of military expenditure, there are more than 1.2 million soldiers, many people have no concept of this hundred million pounds, to know that in 1913, the world's second largest economy, the British colonial revenue, is 185.57 million pounds, India's efforts to achieve autonomy can be said to have suffered a lot before and after the saddle.
However, after the end of the war, the final plan of the Montager Declaration thrown out by the British, the Cripps Plan, surprised India. The content of the plan is only a small adjustment to the colonial system, which is 2.5 million kilometers away from the national autonomy in the hearts of the Indian people. This Nyima is not a liar.
As a result, as soon as the plan was announced, India was confused, and with the amritsarial massacre on April 13, 1919, the anti-British sentiment of the people was quickly ignited, and the most influential political organization at that time, the Congress Party, was originally a party supported by the British to neutralize the Indian region, and there was an inexplicable relationship between the natural party and the British.
But as the complex and bizarre anti-British sentiment intensified, even the Congress Party, which is closely related to Britain, had to stand up and attack Britain's practice of being a bitch and wanting to set up a torii arch. In fact, it is a set of face to face and a set behind. While attacking Britain, a large group of officials and masters of the Congress Party were ready to accept the Montagecourt plan, thinking that anyway, the British father had let some benefits come out, and if he didn't see it, he would accept it.
But this riotous operation not only completely disappointed the people, but even the party caused a lot of strife, and many party members believed that the Congress party top level was too weak to Britain. More pressure should be put on the British government. It was for this reason that from the end of the war in 1919 to September 1920, the whole of India was in turmoil. It was at this critical juncture that the sky made a loud noise, and Uncle Gan appeared shining.
He brought the biggest international joke in the world today, a policy of killing three birds with one stone is non-violent non-cooperation, many viewers of the concept of this movement, the understanding is very one-sided, so often simply with a kind of ironic ridicule to look at, but in fact, the plan of Uncle Gan, the real fucking genius. Because this is a solution that can meet the needs of all parties at the same time.
The focus is on the core theme of the "non-violent non-cooperation movement", non-violence refers to the need to fight, but the intensity of the struggle is within the controllable range, that is, the impact on the colonial government is limited, and it will not tear the face of bureaucratic capital and the British colonial authorities, which is his cleverness.
Without cooperation, it can meet the needs of the people and the radicals in the party. So just up and down not guilty, the best of both worlds.
Another advantage is that it just satisfies the teachings of Hinduism, the main sect in India, benevolence, non-violence, and non-killing. In India, where religious beliefs are strong, this point is very easy to resonate with the people at the bottom, so as to achieve the purpose of winning people's hearts and establishing prestige. It can be described as killing three birds with one stone. It's really high, but if you understand his specific content and specific execution, I estimate that you can spray Uncle Gan's face with a mouthful of old blood.
The main elements of the Non-Violent Non-Cooperation Movement:
Did not do things for the colonial government
Don't go to public schools
Do not use British goods,
These three principles, except for the third one, are slightly useful, the first two do not look like the work of decent people, because after the beginning of the movement in 1921, only 181 people in india gave up or resigned from the colonial government, compared with the hundreds of thousands of employees of the colonial government in India, 181 people are really not worth mentioning.
The student strike was a decent one, and in 1921 the enrollment in public schools fell by more than 42,000 people. But for the colonial government, this was only a large savings in education, and the gentlemen may still be praising the Indian brothers.
The best thing to do is the third article, do not use British goods, the Congress Party in India spares no effort to preach, support the national goods, boycott British goods, as for the ultimate reason, as mentioned earlier, the Congress Party is a political party established by a capitalist bureaucracy, and some of the members of the party are capitalists. For specific operations, we can refer to the matter of "Kong Lingkan smuggling jeeps, Jiang Chingguo fighting tigers in Shanghai". It's the same thing.
In the case of British cloth imports, India's imports were 102 crore in 1920 and 570 million in 1921. Obviously, at the call of the Congress Party, British goods were slow to sell, the people took off their disguises and put on the local cloth, the sales of the native cloth exploded, and the capitalists of the Congress Party made a lot of money and smiled happily. This kind of business, which can not only put on the cloak of love for foreign countries, but also make a fortune, the capitalists of the Congress Party are naturally full of motivation. If I remember correctly, this year there is a sports brand called Li What Gadget, and it also showed a crazy operation, right?
Therefore, this seemingly vigorous liberation movement is doomed to be a tragedy from the beginning, and only the people at the bottom who are in the dark pay for this farce. The liberation movement, that is, the overthrow of the old system, the overthrow of the three mountains, the change of dynasties, the change of dynasties, that is to shed blood, this matter does not look like a revolution in any way.
But the fatal thing is not this, the fatal thing is that Uncle Gan is very optimistic that these painless operations will make the British colonial government obediently get out of India after a year at most. He even coined a vague term, in which Gandhi declared, "As long as non-violent non-cooperation is practised, it will take at most a year to achieve Swalaj".
This allows conservatives to understand that a year later they can achieve a high degree of autonomy under British dominance, and radicals can understand it as a word that can achieve complete independence in a year. The vast majority of the Indian people are convinced of this, and Uncle Gan's prestige is growing day by day. The reason is simple, because in their eyes, the gan saints are fighting for them.
And our Ganshengren is operating from beginning to end. As long as the people at the bottom took fierce measures to resist in the face of the violent repression of the British authorities during the non-violent movement, Uncle Gan began to go on a hunger strike to tell the toiling masses, guys. At the same time, the Congress Party is basically all out to publicize non-violent movements throughout the country, in short, no matter how cruel the repression of the British colonization is, you must not fight back, and if you do not return the scolding. Otherwise your Uncle Gan will go on a hunger strike again. This is to control the scope of resistance of the people at the bottom.
Although the common people believe Uncle Gan's lies and do not use violence, the British do not eat your set! Violent repression without a word, in the process of repression, but when the people take fierce means to resist, Gandhi and the Congress Party stand up to criticize the people's resistance behavior is deviant, you officials and lords think of this painting style, a group of people shout all day long, the colonists roll out of India, and then the British shoot all the way, the people have to keep smiling, otherwise you are deviant! In the end, is this a struggle against whom, whose release is being solved, and whose life is being revolutionized?
Taking the people of Moopra as an example, at the end of 1921, the protesting people were violently suppressed by the police, triggering a large-scale uprising of the Maopula masses, which was violently suppressed by the colonial army and slaughtered by tens of thousands of people. But at this time, the Congress Party and Uncle Gan showed their intelligence and immediately stood up to criticize the violence of the people.
But as bloody repression mounts across the country, indians are increasingly rebellious. Different voices have even begun to emerge within the Congress Party, calling for greater non-violent non-cooperation and "tax resistance"! This is very powerful, because the main source of income of the colonial government, taxation accounts for a considerable part, if you really do not pay taxes, it means tearing your face with the British.
So Gandhi was undecided in this regard. irresolute. However, the people below are not good tempered for you to make a decision. On February 5, 1922, the marching people in the village of Chorijora in Golekpur County, United Province, clashed violently with the police, and more than 2,000 indian brothers who were angry and set fire to the police station, along with 22 policemen, set the sky lantern together. Upon hearing the news, Uncle Gan was furious and spoke out bitterly against the people's deviant behavior. Seven days later, on February 12, Uncle Gan passed the "Bartholly Resolution" announcing the indefinite suspension of the non-violent non-cooperation movement for the simple reason that Gan, who had the final right of interpretation, said:
If it continues like this, it will really become a violent movement - Gandhi
So it can be seen that in Gandhi's view, following non-violent forms seems to be more important than fighting for national autonomy, so it seems that it is understandable that in today's India, in the face of the epidemic, pilgrimage to the Ganges is more important than life-saving operations. Because this incomprehensible manipulation is written into the genetic code.
Of course, this also means that India's liberation movement for autonomy has just been underway for a year, and the enthusiasm of the people has just been mobilized, and Uncle Gan is no longer playing. It is conceivable that the people's disappointment and resentment are so great that even nehru, a representative of the radical faction of the Congress Party, has spoken out to criticize Uncle Gan's weak approach.
Thus the prestige of the Gan saint was gradually questioned, but it did not matter. There are also the main characters of this movement who have not appeared, that is, the British colonial authorities. For the colonial authorities, the rebellion in India is irreconcilable, who will be the leader of this movement, for the colonial government, the result is the same, then instead of letting others do it, why not let Gandhi, a peace-loving and protester, do it! At least Gandhi came to be the non-violent movement he led, which for Britain could reduce a lot of unnecessary trouble. So when Gandhi's prestige was questioned, Britain would unleash a big move to assist.
On March 10, 1922, the colonial government announced that Gandhi had been arrested and imprisoned and sentenced to 6 years in prison. In this way, there will be empathy in the hearts of the Indian people, ah - Uncle Gan, who led us to the light, was actually arrested, he lifted the non-violent non-cooperation movement, he must have been coerced, he must be involuntary, and so on, with Gandhi in prison, the criticism of him suddenly stopped. With the blessing of brainstorming from the Indian people, Gandhi's prestige did not decline but increased, but instead directed all the blame at other officials of the Congress party. In short, you are all bad people, and I am willing to be true love.
Of course, this was a welcome sight for the colonial government. As Gandhi's prestige grew, on February 5, 1924, the colonial government joyfully released Gandhi ahead of schedule.
Friends who know this story know that there is a very interesting law in the three non-violent non-cooperation movements before and after, as long as the colonizers are a little more ruthless in their oppression of India, Gandhi will lead the Congress Party to a non-violent non-cooperation movement. The essence of the movement is that as long as there is a large violence, Gandhi is either a hunger strike warning or an emergency stop. Therefore, the three movements that led to the occurrence of 1921, 1930 and 1940 were not long,1 year, 3 years, and 1 year, because as long as the violence escalated, Uncle Gan felt that it was contrary to the situation, and it can be said that this idea of focusing only on form and not on results for nearly 30 years has completely transformed India into the puzzling nation it is today.
What is more interesting, however, is that during each gandhi campaign, the British never touched a single hair of Gandhi. But as soon as Gandhi called an emergency halt, the colonial authorities would immediately arrest Gandhi and sentence him, and then when Gandhi's voice was raised again, the colonial authorities would happily release Gandhi in advance. It was in this way that Gandhi's prestige grew, one in and one out, and the other leaders of the Congress party were fortunate enough to become backstabbers.
Ironically, even if Gandhi was in prison, when he learned that the people had rebelled violently again, he would release the news, and then I would go on a hunger strike to show you, which led to Gandhi's more than four years of imprisonment, before and after dozens of hunger strikes. The most awesome thing is that in February 1943, Gandhi went on a hunger strike for 21 days at the age of 74, and almost everyone thought that this guy was going to burp this time, and Uncle Gan appeared in front of the public again.
Seeing this, we seem to feel that how can such a person become the founding grandfather of India? There are actually many reasons for this.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the main reason for this comes from the colonial authorities and the inevitability of the development of the times</h1>
After the end of World War II, with the implementation of the non-violent movement, the independent sentiment of the Indian people has gone far beyond the category of non-violent non-cooperation. Coupled with the rise of the Red Party in India after 1930 and the destabilization of the colonial army,—— the 1946 Mumbai Naval Uprising directly put enormous pressure on the colonial authorities. This forced the colonial authorities to attach importance to the consideration of their own interests in the Indian situation, if the situation was allowed to develop, the Congress Party was likely to lose its absolute leadership in the independence struggle, and if the leadership fell to the Indian Communist Party, then britain would completely lose all interests in India.
Another point is because after the end of World War II, the world completely entered the wave of industrialization. In the face of a large number of colonies in an agrarian society, the value that can be provided is only the land where raw materials are provided and the land where commodities are dumped, and in the face of the high costs and construction costs generated by direct governance, for the agricultural society that has little tax revenue to collect, the wealth that can be extracted is quite limited, and there is no value of direct governance.
Directly controlling the most profitable industry, ensuring freedom of trade, as an industrial country, can completely use trade freedom to achieve the plundering of agricultural countries, which is also fully in line with the demands of British gentlemen, I can still earn money, but I don't even have to bear the responsibility of governance.
These points are supported by detailed descriptions of the statutes in the Mountbatten Plan, and those who are interested can go to see them.
This is also the reason why the colonies of various countries have become independent after the end of World War II, and the independence of the colonies is actually a matter of interest between industrial society and agricultural society, making the suzerainty unprofitable, thus taking the initiative to promote colonial independence. This can be seen in the fact that the United States later took the initiative to make the Philippines independent.
So the actual independence of India, Gandhi's role in it is limited, at least not as high as they advertise, at best a guide, or a pig with good luck, after all, it was an era when the whole world was making revolutions, there was no Gandhi, and there were wetlands.
It is for these reasons that when the Mumbai Naval Uprising of March 15, 1946, the British government rushed to declare that it would accept India's desire for independence.
After the Announcement of the News in Britain, almost before and after, the Muslim League also put forward the demand for independence and nationality, so why did the Muslim League's demand for independence appear and just happened to be satisfied?
Because the British knew that an unhealthy younger brother would need himself in order to ensure his own interests, he pushed the boat and let the Indian governor Mountbatten formulate the Mountbatten Plan, which is the so-called partition of India.
Since then, the emergence of this Mountbatten plan, which is obviously more inclined to Muslim independence, has completely intensified the religious dispute between Hinduism and the Muslim League, making it impossible for the two to coexist peacefully, directly breaking India's thighs and breaking India's desire to completely break away from Britain.
Therefore, these two countries, in the decades so far, have been in the midst of endless disputes, which is also a balance for the veteran British politicians. So even if Britain withdraws from India, he still gets what he wants, and the Indian and Pakistani people are the ultimate payers of the tragedy.
Gandhi's role in this is nothing more than a pig standing on the cusp, and his non-violent non-cooperation movement, which is admired in India today, exists only as an excuse to satisfy the appetites of the various forces. The reason why he has been promoted to this day is only that the Congress Party, which is dominated by religious ideas, can better govern, because as a ruling party, it will never admit that the policies it pursued at the beginning were just a joke to satisfy the demands, and if it admits gandhi's absurdity, it will really become an international joke.
Looking back at Gandhi's final ending. And that's exactly what happens to be true.
In March 1946, when Britain announced its acceptance of India's demand for independence, Gandhi's prestige reached its peak. He then used his prestige to travel across the country to quell religious tensions. Wherever Gandhi went, the religious factions that had been fighting for a second immediately stopped fighting and knelt down in front of Uncle Gan's pomegranate skirt, becoming brothers and sisters of you and me, coexisting peacefully. The contrast is like divine help.
However, an all-too-coincidental point arose, and just as Gandhi was receiving popular worship and settling religious tensions throughout the country, the colonial authorities issued an ultimatum, and in February 1947, the British suddenly announced that "Britain will withdraw from India at the latest in June 1948." The goal of this move is very clear, either accept the Mountbatten plan and divide India and Pakistan, or, Grandpa will not play with you, throw a mess to you, you love it.
In the face of such an outcome, the Congress Party naturally knows that the intricate relations in India, if it does not accept the Mountbatten Plan, the British will directly pick the strings, and India, where there are many political parties, will inevitably fall into civil strife, and if it is not done well, it will fall into a four-and-five-column ending, which is an end that neither the Congress Party nor the Muslim League wants to see. So on July 8, 1947, the Muslim League took the lead in accepting Mountbatten's plan and declaring independence, and on July 15, the Congress party declared India's independence.
The story did not end there, however, and on January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated while on his way to the prayer hall. Interestingly, on the afternoon of the assassination, Gandhi, as the father of the Indian people, was called to the police station because of the strike of the municipal department. It was really an amazing municipal strike. The Congress party's deathly answer was, "Fanatical sectarians, believing gandhi's existence, tied the hands and feet of Hindus to suppress Muslims, so they assassinated him."
That's a crazy reason. In his speech that day, Nehru said sadly, "We can no longer feel the instructions of the Father of the Nation," and That Nyima was a little wit.
Although Gandhi is dead, but thirty years, the non-violent non-cooperation, good or bad we will not say, but this brother before and after just hunger strike hundreds of times, India has such a father, drink some cow urine where is normal operation, of course, because of his various strange acts and ideas, to India after the founding of the disaster, and the real cause of death of Uncle Gan, we will talk about it next time.