Lu Lun, a native of Puzhou (present-day Yongji, Shanxi), was the first of the Ten Talents of the Great Calendar. Most of Lu Lun's poems are sung and answered, and because of his military career, the poems he wrote were quite successful and are still praised by future generations. Unfortunately, such a well-known Tang Dynasty poet, many times famous sun mountain, life and career is not smooth, so that Lu Lun's poetry is full of life atmosphere, his works undertake the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty, leading the poetry style of the side Sai, laying the desolate and somber tone of the Middle Tang Dynasty poetry, with a strong color of the times. The formation of the Tang Dynasty poet's poetic style is closely related to his life experience.
<h1>The family road is falling, upside down and displaced</h1>
Lu Lun was born in the 27th year of the New Century, although Fanyang Lu was one of the five major surnames of the Tang Dynasty, but according to the available historical documents, Lu Lun was not from a famous and prestigious family, his grandfather served in Sima of Jeju, and his father was only a Linhuang Wei, such an official position belonged to the lower bureaucratic group of the Tang Dynasty, so Lu Lun once called himself "lonely and lowly" in the poem describing his own life, so it means that his family has long declined. What's more, in the first three years of his birth, the prosperity of the Kaiyuan prosperous world was gradually coming to an end, and this prosperous world did not bring any good memories to the young Lu Lun, because he only remembered the chaotic situation of "four sides with soldiers" during the Tianbao years.
In the year of the Anshi Rebellion, Lu Lun was only 8 years old, and the war had already cast a shadow on his young soul. In the last year of Tianbao, Lu Lun participated in the scientific expedition, but he could not win the election due to the Anshi rebellion, and then he could only go to Poyang for refuge, where he met Ji Zhongfu in the "Ten Great Talents", and the two became friends. Only since the war, Lu Lun can only be separated from him, staggering for many years, still not famous, he felt sad for himself, on the way to escape, wrote a number of travel poems, used to express the feeling of wandering in detention.
Among them, the more famous poems are the five-character poem "Night Berth Jinling", the seven-word sentence "Crossing Zhejiang" and other poems, in these poems, whether they feel the unfortunate encounters of their own lives, they also express their worries about state affairs, and the works are close to the social atmosphere of the time and attract attention. Although these poems are short in length, the content of the works is concise and clear, the battle is neat, the language is fluent and natural, and there are no excessive impetuous allusions, which is very different from the previous Tang poetry style. Most of Luren's works in this period are related to personal wandering, family destruction, and social unrest. The sadness of being far away from home and the war-torn scenery he saw with his own eyes have added rich content and complex emotions to his "travel poems", and at the same time, his heroic and majestic poetic style is gradually being revealed.
<h1>Drifting for many years, the fame has not yet been achieved</h1>
In 763, the Anshi Rebellion was finally put down, and Lu Lun, who had been wandering in the south for many years, was finally able to return to his hometown in the north. His mood of mixing sorrow and joy is vividly expressed in this sentence "There is no old karma in sorrow alone, and its joy is difficult when it comes out". In the early years of the calendar, Lu Lun rushed to Chang'an to participate in the imperial examination, but unfortunately he repeatedly fell behind and did not win the move, which made Lu Lun quite depressed. In the fifth year of the Calendar, Lu Lun, who was still famous in the Sun Mountains, lived on the outskirts of Chang'an City and continued to wait for the opportunity to step into his career. After two years, Lu Lun was introduced by Yuan Zai and finally got Que Xiang Lieutenant.
It's just that this official position did not make him feel happy for Lu Lun, but made him full of sorrow. Yuan Zai introduced him not only to appreciate his talent, but to win over the literati group for himself. Fortunately, soon after, Lu Lun was again appreciated by the chancellor Wang Jin, who was the younger brother of Wang Wei, and the Old Book of Tang recorded that the reason why he treated Lu Lun was not to establish his own political clique, he was simply out of appreciation for Lu Lun's talent. In the twelfth year of the Gregorian calendar, Lu Lun's life suffered another major turning point. This year, the two prime ministers who had promoted him were offended, and Lu Lun was also implicated.
Although he was soon acquitted, he was deposed by the imperial court and left idle, which left him with no meritorious name and no real power. In fact, Lu Lun in the Calendar Period, the level of poetry is not high. Since he arrived in Chang'an in the first year of Yongtai, the style of "traveling poetry" in the past is no longer related to his background in life at that time. Lu Lun, who lived in Chang'an City, did not live a life of upheaval and displacement, and at this time, he met with friends all day, gave poetry at daily banquets, and wrote a lot of social works under the door of the daguan and nobles. Before entering the career, Lu Lun's poems mainly expressed his sad feelings of not encountering talents; after being appreciated, he wrote some formalism and more serious entertainment; when he was implicated in sin, he expressed the sadness and indignation in his heart. Therefore, the poems written by Lu Lun in these days in Chang'an lack emotion and realm, just to cater to the current form of poetry.
<h1>Forced to join the army, the poetic style gradually became</h1>
In the first year of Jianzhong, Lu Lun served as Zhao Yingling, and in the third year of Jianzhong, he was demoted to the position of Governor of Fuzhou, and Lu Lun's military career began. After that, he witnessed the reality of the rebellion in Fanzhen, he was no longer the Lu Lun trapped in Chang'an City, trapped in the narrow world of the literati, he walked out of the original world and began to contact the heroic military life. This life experience broadened his horizons and also aroused his ambition to serve the country from the military, and Lu Lun's poetic style and poetic content changed. Lu Lun's poetry finally began to change from the previous "formal poetry" to the "military poetry".
Lu Lun, who was on the way to the army, wrote poems based on military life and military pride. The majestic and high style of the previous "Traveling Poems" has returned again, and his group poem "And Zhang Servant Shooting Plugs the Next Song" is the most representative poem. This group of seven poems describes the majesty of the general "Zhang Shujie", his super martial arts, the pride of leading the army to victory, the outstanding battle achievements he made, and the spirit of aspiring to serve the country, all of which are vividly expressed in Lu Lun's poems. Such poems were of positive significance to the Tang Dynasty.
At that time, the Tang Dynasty was no longer the prosperous Tang Dynasty of the past, and the entire dynasty was weakening and was being invaded by foreign nationalities. The spirit of striving to improve the soldiers embodied in Lu Lun's poems not only inspired the affairs of the frontier soldiers, but also brought vitality to the poetry circle at that time, and this outstanding achievement was not available to other poets. His late poetry was a climax in Lu Lun's life's creation, the content of the poems became richer, and his poems led Tang poetry into a new ideological height, which was an important reason why he was able to win the "crown" position in the "Ten Talents of the Great Calendar".
<h1>Ambition and pride are all in poetry</h1>
As mentioned earlier, Lu Lun's achievement is so high that his poems give him light. According to the statistics of specific literature, the number of Biansai poems written by Lu Lun is about 20, and these poems have extraordinary significance for the Poetry Circle of the Middle and Tang Dynasties at that time, so this subsection will be discussed separately with Lu Lun's Biansai poems. During the Middle and Tang Dynasties, the political, social, and military backgrounds in which people lived had undergone earth-shaking changes, and a chaos in an anshi history triggered an unprecedented political crisis in the Tang Dynasty, and the minority regimes in the frontier took advantage of this opportunity to invade the Tang Dynasty, so the works of many literati in the poems of Biansai were widely filled with an atmosphere of weakness and sadness.
This is very different from the style of Biansai poetry in the Sheng Tang Dynasty, where the military power of the Previous Tang Dynasty was strong, and those poets who abandoned the martial arts and conformed to the literature expressed their heroic courage to make meritorious achievements expressed in the poems, they were always optimistic about war. For example, Wang Changling's "Huangsha Hundred Battles Wear Golden Armor, Do Not Break the Loulan and Never Return"; for example, Gao Shi's "Wanli will not hesitate to die, once successful." This heroic and atmospheric style can only be written by Sheng Tang poets. The peak of national strength and strong military strength give them the courage to say such bold words. However, with the decline of state affairs, people began to have a pessimistic and disgusted feeling about the war, and victory was hopeless for the Tang Dynasty at that time and for the military practitioners at that time.
It is in this social background that Lu Lun, who came out of the literati world, and his style of biansai poetry once again surprised the entire Tang Dynasty literary circle. This poem full of strong and strong strength stands out among all the poems of the Great Calendar poets, just like the poem of "Sheng Tang Sentence", which once again led the atmosphere of The Middle Tang Dynasty Poetry. The poems he wrote mainly started from the following 4 themes, allowing people to see the heroism of the border guards, the hardships of the border battlefield, and also revealed his determination as a boy to sacrifice himself to serve the country.
The most important part of the poetry of the military theme is the description of the environment of the border plug, and the magnificent and sad scenery of the border plug can shock people's hearts. The scenery of the border plug he wrote is the desolation of the desert snowy mountains, the depression of the white grass and yellow clouds, and the danger of the bloody rain and wind. The border plug imagery in his poems is not new, but these ordinary scenes show a power in his pen that is enough to shock people's hearts. These magnificent and tragic scenes are not to tell the pain of war, but Lu Lun wants to express the heroic feelings in his heart through the scenery.
In Lu Lun's biansai poems, it is possible to read both the heroism of the frontier warriors and the difficulty of the advent of the frontier warriors. In the poem "Gift to Li Guoyi", it shows the high skill of Li Guoyi in walking horses and shooting eagles, which is not a personal praise, whether it is to highlight the indestructible impregnable of the entire Shubian soldiers through the description of this soldier. Although there is no lack of pride in the poems of the border plug, Lu Lun did not avoid the cruelty brought about by the war, some people achieved fame, some people died on the battlefield, some people saved their lives, and some people had a dismal night view, which is the real war, and it is also the most worthy of the world's memories and deep thoughts.
Mr. Fujiki said:
Lu Lun left behind a good work, the number of which is not very large. But his works record a real era, when the country was in danger, and the war constantly led to the people's livelihood, perhaps people can't forget the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, but people must also face the disaster. Instead of using the literary world to create a false formalistic society, it is better to return to reality through literature. He had lived in an era of chaos and poverty, and the ideological value of his "biansai poems" that exposed and criticized reality allowed his talent to be passed on forever, and his name was forever remembered by future generations.
Resources:
Lu Lun Research
On Lu Lun's Poetry and Its Influence on the Poetry Circle of the Middle and Tang Dynasties
The Life and Creation of Lu Lun
Lu Lun's Traveling Poems and Border Poems