In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Xu Wending Ancestral Hall in Shanghai was the Yimen Gate
Xu Guangqi was the most important famous doctor in Shanghai in the classical period, and the examination of his former residence/ancestral hall is undoubtedly an important task for scholars and cultural relics protection workers in Shanghai today. According to this article, the exact location of Xu Guangqi's former residence and Wending Gong Ancestral Hall was the northwest corner of the intersection of the old Taiqingfang Avenue/Qiaojiazha Road, that is, the qiaojiazhai lane of the present-day Guangqi South Road, and the newly discovered stone pillars were also located here, which was basically consistent with the map of Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty.
Wedges: What heritage does the Xu family have?
Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), Zi Xian, Xuan Hu, Catholic holy name Paul (Paul), posthumous name Wending, Wanli Thirty-second Year (1604) Jinshi, Xuan hanlin Yuan Shu Jishi, official to Chongzhen Dynasty Ceremonial Department Shangshu and Wenyuange University scholar, cabinet assistant, famous politician, military expert, scientist in the history of our country, one of the most important local sages in the history of Shanghai, but also one of the most influential figures in the history of Sino-Western exchanges in recent times.
As an authentic Shanghainese, Xu Guangqi left many related places in Shanghai in his lifetime, of which Xujiahui is undoubtedly the most famous, and the Guangqi Park on Nandan Road in Xuhui District is Xu Guangqi's cemetery. The place of Xu's birth and the location of his ancestral home are near the "Nine Houses" in the south of The county town of Shanghai, which is now known as the "Nine Houses"; and outside the south city, on the north bank of Lujiabang, Xu's also has a different business "Double Garden Villa", which is the place where he spent his old age in his old age, about the area of north Mulberry Garden Street on present-day Lujiabang Road. Both residences briefly housed the late Ming missionary Lazzaro Cattaneo (1560-1640) and others. Xu Guangqi and his son Xu Ji also operated a famous courtyard "Taoyuan" as a choice of other businesses, and the author has written another article to examine its place near the Huangpu River on the north bank of the Suzhou River, which will not be repeated. The research community was once limited by the restrictions on the collation and publication of literature, and there are still many places to go deep in the study of the relationship between Xu Guangqi and Shanghai; now there are large local documents published in the "Shanghai Fuxian Old Chronicle Series" compiled by Shanghai Fangzhi Office and Tongzhiguan, which makes it possible to re-explore this topic of local research. Xu Guangqi left a total of five residences and mausoleums in Shanghai, and there are two related places of early Catholic activities in Shanghai, which are:
1. Xu Guangqi's former residence and ancestral hall. Located near the present -- "Nine Houses", it contains the Xu Ancestral Hall and the church built by Xu Guangqi for Guo Jujing; Huangpu District
2. Xuguangqi Cemetery and Tushan Bay; Xuhui District
3. Xu Guangqi Double Garden Villa, Huangpu District
4. Xu Guangqi and Xu Ji Taoyuan Villa; Hongkou District
5. Xu Guangqi's "Ge Lao Fang"; Huangpu District
Appendix 5: A church built by Pan Guoguang and xu's descendants; Huangpu District
Appendix 6: Pan Guoguang's tomb, that is, the tomb of Xishi, which he personally built; Huangpu District
Among them, the protection and research of Xu's Cemetery today has been very well in place, and the Worship Hall still exists; while the Shuangyuan Villa, Taoyuan Villa, Ge Lao Fang and Pan Guoguang's Holy Sepulchre are almost all traceable, but they can be confirmed. Among them, the most important is Xu's former residence and ancestral hall. In modern times, it has been concluded that Xu Guangqi's former residence (ancestral residence) is the "nine buildings" from No. 228 to 244 Qiaojia Road, and this conclusion is still debatable, and it is still necessary to clarify the falsification. This article intends to examine Xu's former residence and related places based on materials such as the Chronicles of the Ancestors and maps, and to commend the virtues of The Famous Sages of Hubin.
"Taiqingfang" and Xu's ancestral home
Late Qing Dynasty Republic of China Xu Wending Ancestral Hall
The "Genealogy of Xu Clan" and the old chronicle of Shanghai County unanimously record that Xu Guangqi was born in the "Taiqingfang" in the county seat of Shanghai, which is the ancestral residence of the Xu family; the "Annals of Xu Guangqi" compiled by Liang Jiamian and Li Tiangang also said that it was conclusive. According to the literature, Xu Guangqi's ancestors lived in the residence, although Xu's father was born in Fahua Town, the most important residence of the family is the Xu Residence of Taiqingfang. Whether it is Xu Guangqi High School, Dan Jingguan, and Ding You's homecoming, the main location of Xu House has not changed. During the late Ming Chongzhen period after Xu Guangqi's death, this residence became the ancestral hall to commemorate Xu Guangqi - "Xu Wending Ancestral Hall"; in the late Qing Dynasty, the old ancestral hall was changed to Xu Clan Ancestral Hall, and a new Wending Ancestral Hall was newly built in the west of the old hall. After the Ming Dynasty entered the Qing Dynasty, the Xu clan maintained a prosperous population, and the clans mostly lived near this area, which was still active until modern times. In addition to the natural aging and damage of Xu's Ming Dynasty residence, it has also suffered many wars in modern times, especially during the Songhu Anti-Japanese War in 1937. However, the specific location and architectural conditions of the Xu family's former residence in history may not be as illustrated by today's heirloom materials.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, there has been a saying that a row of houses along the street on the south side of Qiaojia Road in the south of Shanghai County is the ruins of Xu's former residence, which together with the descendants of xu who live in Sangyuan Street and Xujiahui outside the city constitute the most important distribution of the Xu clan in Shanghai today. In the 1950s, the cultural relics management department confirmed that the "Nine Houses" from No. 228 to 244 Qiaojia Road were the ruins of Xu's ancestral home; the descendants of Xu's descendants donated a number of cultural relics and were rewarded. In 1983, it was officially established as Xu's former residence. (See "Xu Chengxi, a descendant of Xu Guangqi: His father donated the family tree and Guangqi's tomb to the state") Thus, the place where Xu Guangqi once settled the missionary Guo Jujing and built the first church in Shanghai for him is naturally located here. At the same time, in the lane north of Guangqi South Road (formerly known as Fumin Road), there was xu ancestral hall, which was used as a cultural protection unit in the 1960s, and was destroyed at the latest during the "Cultural Revolution", and there are modern photos, and there are now modern photos with the plaque "Ming Xiangguo Xu Wending Ancestral Hall".
These seemingly conclusive conclusions do not stand up to the verification of the literature passed down from generation to generation. One of the first big problems encountered is the reliability of the legend of the "Nine Houses". All the early documents about Xu Guangqi and the local chronicles of Shanghai in the Qing Dynasty can not find a record of the "nine buildings", and even this expression is completely inconsistent with the habits of traditional architectural language; the term "nine rooms" commonly used in ancient buildings obviously refers to nine rooms with a wide face, and the nine rooms in ancient buildings in the past are mostly used for offices or temples, and it seems that it is not common to use them for residential buildings. At the same time, the location of this building and the surrounding shape, it seems that it is not very consistent with the previous generations, the relationship between the existing "nine buildings" complex and Xu Guangqi's ancestral residence has its own doubts, and several of the more significant problems are listed here, which are also the keys to repositioning Xu's ancestral residence today, which are listed below:
1. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, "Taiqingfang" and "Taiqingfang Street" specifically refer to which location;
2. The space and limitations of Xu Guangqi's ancestral home, especially its west space;
3. The relationship between the Xu Clan Ancestral Hall Xu Wending Ancestral Hall established in the late Ming Dynasty and the ancestral residence.
They are discussed separately.
1. "Taiqingfang" and "Taiqingfang Street"
Through the records of the counties of Shanghai, the relationship between the "Taiqingfang" and Xu Guangqi is well known to the world. Ming Jiajing's "Records of Shanghai County" (1524) already mentioned that "Yue Fu Tai, Yue Tai Qing, shen Yu Li"; the "Fu Tai Fang" and "Tai Qing Fang" in the city of Shanghai Were both established by Shen Yu. The biography of Shen Yu, a famous sage in Shanghai, appeared in the earliest Hongzhi "Shanghai County Chronicle" (1504) in Shanghai, and from the historical county chronicle texts, we know that he was a person raised during the Jingtai period, and during the Xianzong years, he was awarded the Zhongshu Sheren when he pre-revised the Records of Emperor Yingzong, and later promoted Ton baoqing and Taichang Temple Shaoqing, so the name of the workshop established by Shen Yu in the county chronicle is actually his official name, "Futai" is the name of Shangbao Si, and the descendants of the county chronicle are called Shen Yuli "Shangbao" and "Taiqing" Erfang.
However, it should be clearly pointed out that when Shen Yu set up these two mills, the city wall of Shanghai County had not yet been built, so the boundary set by Lifang at that time undoubtedly needed to rely on natural waterways and existing buildings and roads to divide. By the time of Wanli's "Shanghai County Chronicle" (1588), one of them, Shangbaofang, had been abandoned, and Taiqingfang still existed; the most likely reason was that at that time, the city wall had been set up, and the roads and buildings in the city needed to be laid out according to the new city wall form; Shen Yu built the second square, and Taiqingfang had been speculated in the south of the city, "Shangbaofang" should also be in the south of the city, and overlapped with the location of the city wall, and this square was abandoned after the city was repaired. Taiqingfang seems to have persisted until qianlongzhi (1783) and was not explicitly mentioned until Jiaqingzhi (1814) that it was abandoned. The account of the relationship between "Taiqingfang" and Xu Guangqi's residence also began in Jiaqingzhi; it was not clearly described in the previous Kangqian Duozhi.
There are two important pieces of information in Jiaqing's "Shanghai County Chronicle": Xu Guangqi's house is in Taiqingfang; Xu Guangqi's ancestral hall is also in Taiqingfang. At the same time, Xu Guangqi's house has the building "Houle Hall" and "Zunxun Building"; Jiaqing Zhiyan exists, and Tongzhi Zhiyan destroys. Xu Guangqi Ancestral Hall has the "Wang Zuo Confucian Sect" given during the Chongzhen period. A closer look at the sentences of the Zhishu cultivated by Jiaqingzhi and his descendants is quite noteworthy; since Jiaqingzhi's first remark that Taiqingfang has been abolished, why did Jiaqingzhi first record Xu's residence and ancestral hall, and then record Xu's residence and ancestral hall in "Taiqingfang"?
The reference to "Taiqingfang" in the Kao Jiaqing County Chronicle and the most similar Tongzhi Zhizhi, in addition to the above-mentioned references to Xu Guangqi, all focus on the instructions of place names, as follows:
1. Qiao Jiazhai. In the southeast of Xiao penglai, Dongtong Taiqingfang. (JiaQingzhi)
2. Qiao Jiazhai, Taiqingfang West, to Yong'an Bridge. (Tongzhizhi)
3. Mai JiaYuan, TaiqingFang West. (Tongzhizhi)
4. Xu Guangqi House, in Taiqingfang. (JiaQingzhi)
5. Xu Wending Ancestral Hall, in Taiqingfang. (Tongzhizhi)
1884 Shanghai County urban and rural concession full map of the old city box
1913 Measured Shanghai City Concession Map of the Old City Box (Partial)
Map of Shanghai published by Beihua Jie Bao in 1918 (partial)
The mention of Taiqingfang in the "Shanghai County Chronicle" of the Tongguan Dynasty is actually very limited, and the most important thing is to focus on the two expressions of "Taiqingfang" and "Taiqingfang West". The locations mentioned in these chronicles, the locations in the old maps are shown in the figure (see image above):
According to the old map, the shape around "Taiqingfang" can be seen at a glance; among them, the two small lanes of "Qiaojiazhai" and "Maijiayuan" are through the "Taiqingfang Street" in the map, and the street belongs to the same block, so the "Xuguang QiCi Temple" should be in this area.
However, during the jiaqing and Tongzhi xiuzhi years, the famous "Taiqingfang" Lifang had actually been abolished, and the "Taiqingfang" frequently mentioned in these two zhi was no longer directly related to the Lifang built by Shen Yu, although its address may coincide. The word "Taiqingfang" that appears in the county chronicle here to refer to the direction may even be "Taiqingfang Street" in the old map today. In this way, it can also be explained that the descriptions of the locations cited above such as "Qiao Jiazhai", "Mai Jiayuan", and "Xu Wending Ancestral Hall" are quite reasonable: "Qiao" and "Mai" two lanes are on the west side of the street; the Wending Gong Ancestral Hall should also be set up along the street, which is similar to the Map Logo of the Qing Dynasty. Because the Xu clan has the habit of neutralizing the ancestral hall in the old house, the Xu family Taoyuan Villa has set up another ancestral hall of Wending Gong, and the "Xu Guangqi House" should be near the Taiqingfang Street near the ancestral hall without accident.
Knowing that Xu Zu's residence and ancestral hall are near Taiqingfang Street, how long the "Taiqingfang Street" of the next same light era is and whether it is consistent with today's Guangqi South Road has become a very important question. This street, now known as "Guangqi South Road", was named in sections in the Qing Dynasty, and we can only know through Fang Zhi, but fortunately, the recent map has left us a clue. From the Fumin Bridge on zhaojiabang, the most important river in Shanghai County, the "County Bridge" to the south of the Great South Gate, is the former road of present-day Guangqi South Road. However, in the Qing Dynasty, a section from the county bridge south to the vicinity of Tangjia Alley was once called "County Bridge South Street". Tangjia Lane is divided into two sections here, east and west, and the boundary here used to be flowing water, xitong Xuejia Lane, there is a bridge on the water, named "KhanShui Bridge", also known as "Collapsed Water Bridge", and the section south of this road is named "KhotanShui Bridge South Street". From the map, this street is connected to Taiqingfang Street in the south, and the boundary between the two streets seems to be difficult to explore, but at least the "Mai Jiayuan" on the map is already a section of Taiqingfang Street. Taiqingfang Street south to Xuejiabang, there is a Guangji Bridge, commonly known as "Chen Wei Barrel Bridge", the Xuejiabang section under this bridge is also known as "Qiaojiabang", which is the predecessor of today's Qiaojia Road. After crossing this bridge to the south, within a mile is the Great South Gate, and the name of this section of the road is changed to "South Gate Street".
Some of the maps quoted above seem to take Qiaojia Road Bang nan Gujia Lane, for the demarcation of Taiqingfang Street and Nanmen Street, which also caused a big doubt: "Taiqingfang Street" in the south section of where to extend, is the Qiaojiabang on the Guangji Bridge, or Gujia Lane intersection, now from Qiaojia Road to Gujia Lane section Guangqi South Road, the Ming and Qing Dynasties whether it belonged to "Taiqingfang Street" or "South Gate Street", if you want to completely confirm the confirmation, I am afraid that I will have to wait for more materials to publish. However, there is one point, as one of the most important "five major water systems" in the south of the city, Xuejiabang in the south of the city is an important dividing line of Lane in the south of Shanghai County, and before it is filled in the river to build a road, it is undoubtedly the most qualified as the natural boundary between Taiqingfang Street and Nanmen Street.
This unsolved case just bothered the positioning of Xu Guangqi's ancestral home. From the Records of Fang Zhi, it can be seen that Xu Guangqi's ancestral residence and ancestral hall are located along the street of Taiqingfang Street, and it is likely that the two places are connected or are one. According to the map now, it is known that Xu Guangqi Ancestral Hall is in the section from Mai Jia Lane to Qiao Jia Bang in Taiqingfang Street. Today's doubtful "Nine Buildings" complex is on the south bank of the Xuejiabang River, that is, on the south side of "Taiqingfang Street". If the original building of the "Nine Houses" is close to the present Guangqi South Road, it may also be a building along the street of "Taiqingfang Street". In this way, the two suspected ancestral residences of the Xu family, if the conclusion of the map from the old zhi alone, does not seem to be enough to determine; the conclusion that Xu Guangqi's ancestral residence is not a "nine-room building" is not easy to overturn.
2. "The right side"
Another clue is that Guo Jingju, an Italian missionary who Xu Guangqi had received and settled in Nanjing during the Chongzhen period, also built a Catholic church in his taiqingfang "on the right" (recorded by Tu Zhen of Zhixian County, Shanghai in the early Qing Dynasty). The information and location of the Catholic Church are very brief, and most of them follow Xu Ji's compilation of his father's "Wending Gongxingshi" and "Matteo Ricci's Notes on China" and other materials (see Li Tiangang's addition to the "Supplement to Xu Guangqi's Annals"), and many words are unknown, only that the catholic church, the first catholic church in Shanghai, is located in the west of Xu Guangqi's house, and it is also known that the space there is very limited; because in the chongzhen decade, another Italian missionary Pan Guoguang (Frarcuis Brancati, 1607- 1671) After presiding over the teaching affairs of Shanghai, "the old church was built in a humble way, and the worshippers were not enough to tolerate", so he had to find another place, and finally with the help of Xu's descendants, a new church was built in the east of today's City God Temple and Wutong Street. The site has been replaced many times, but it has been preserved to this day, and the interior of the building is magnificent. Looking around the present Cunjing Hall, which is also embedded in the city, it is not an open place in the imagination, but it has satisfied Pan Guoguang of the Ming Dynasty, and it can be imagined how cramped the space of the old hall on the west side of the Xu Mansion was before.
Today, the Xu Wending Ancestral Hall is known to be north of Qiaojiazhai and on the west side of Taiqingfang Avenue, that is, the location of the most likely Xu's ancestral residence, and further west here are the neighborhoods such as "Mandarin Duck Hall Lane" and "Baizi Lane", which still exist today; compared with ancient and modern maps, the area west of the house has been particularly narrow, given that if this place is Xu's mansion, there is really not much space left for the new church.
Looking at the "Nine Houses" area on the south bank of the Qiaojiabang River, east from Taiqingfang/Nanmen Avenue, west to the center of the river (now Ninghe Road) Xinglong Bridge East, the Qing Dynasty map shows that there is no large Lifang in the west of the "Nine Houses", and the area is much larger than the area of the "Jingyitang" area that exists today; Pan Guoguang, who first came to Shanghai, does not seem to have to run far north of the city and entrust people to find a piece of land that is not so good to build a new church. Since, according to relevant records, the space on the west side of xu house is small, and the west space of the nine buildings in the map is spacious enough, which should be the best example of the "nine buildings" not Xu's ancestral residence, not to mention, there is another small and famous local shrine in the west of the nine buildings: the Luo Laotai Temple.
"Luo Laotai Temple" in "Shanghai Hundred Industries Map"
As early as the Ming Longqing and Wanli Dynasties, the first "Luo Temple" was built in Songjiang Fucheng (present-day Songjiang District, Shanghai), and since then, Several Temples related to Luo Shen have been built in Shanghai County; among them, the "Luo Laotai Temple" located in the south of the city does not appear much in the Zhizhi; the "Tongzhi Shanghai County Chronicle" compiled by the scholar Yu Fan is the only one that details the old history of this temple in detail. This temple is located in the center of the county river and Xuejiabang junction "Xinglong Bridge" east, now "Nine Houses" southwest, from the surviving map, should be the temple gate south facing Gu Jia Lane, the construction time is not easy to determine, from the old records to guess that the construction time should be later than the Fucheng that one, but it seems to be similar to the appearance time of the Luo Temple in the west of Shanghai County, all created in the late Ming Dynasty. After entering the Qing Dynasty, this temple was repaired and may have been destroyed around the Time of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and in the early years of the Tongzhi Dynasty, Xu Guangqi's descendant Xu Wenying proposed to rebuild the Luo Laotai Temple in the open space after the original site of the old temple, and the flat house was three open and two in two. Looking at this place, even if the old hall is abandoned, it can still continue to build a new hall with "three openings and two entrances" after it, which shows the large space here. Moreover, until the late Qing Dynasty, the signs of this place were interlaced with no mile squares, which was an ideal place to build public space, and the "Luo Laotai Temple" is the best example. Therefore, the church was once erected here, and the advantages were more than those of Wutong Street, rather than the place where the wisdom of Pan Guoguang was willing to give up.
It should also not be overlooked that the missionaries and Chinese believers who were baptized in the early years of the Ming Dynasty took a particularly negative attitude towards the indigenous faith, as can be seen by skimming through the sentences in Matteo Ricci's Notes on China. However, if there is not only a typical shrine of local folk beliefs on the side of the "Nine Rooms Building", but Xu Guangqi and Guo Jujing built the main hall of the first day in Shanghai not far from here, this is obviously an unlikely thing to happen. In contrast, in the area around the Xuguangqi Ancestral Hall in the north of Xuejiabang, the geographical description is obviously more appropriate.
In the space near the Wending Ancestral Hall, there is also a record that can be circumstantial evidence. The former sites of Songjiang Province and Shanghai County are all recorded, and Taiqingfang built Xu Wending Ancestral Hall during the Chongzhen period and gave the title of "Wang Zuo Confucian Sect". According to the previous research, this ancestral hall along Taiqingfang Street no longer existed during the Republic of China, and the Xu Wending Ancestral Hall that left a photo before the "Cultural Revolution" was built in the west of the old ancestral hall for Xu Zijia, a descendant of xu in the fifth year of Guangxu (1899), and the old ancestral hall was changed to the ancestral shrine of xu (see the old history of the Xu family in Shanghai County, Songjiang Province, etc.); the descendants of the Xu family just accommodated a new ancestral hall in the west of the old temple, which is comparable to the speculation of taking the old ancestral hall as the ancestral residence and building a new chapel in the west, which is comparable in terms of architectural volume. Xu's ancestral residence should not take the "Nine Houses" but should be near the old ancestral hall, which is another proof.
3. The relationship between the ancestral hall and the ancestral house
The location of the Jiangnan local celebrity shrine has obvious rules that follow the traces of the predecessors before and after the death. Among the most typical site selections, the situation of the ancestral hall at the tomb is the most common, such as the Qin Gong Ancestral Hall in the longevity of Chen Xingxiang in Pudong, and the ancestral hall of Qin Yubo, the old master of the Shanghai City God, where the tomb of the father and son is buried
(Shen Bingcheng's "Record of rebuilding the Tomb Ancestral Hall"); or the ancestral shrine was erected in the relevant places of the famous sages, such as Liu Xizai, the old principal of the Liu Shan Chang Ancestral Hall who was established by the graduates of Longmen Academy; Chen Huacheng died in Wu Songkou, where the Chen Zhongxuan Ancestral Hall was built. There is also a situation that my old house or manor, the conversion and addition of ancestral halls, which is quite common among local scholars, the most typical of which is the owner of Yu Garden, Paine, behind the ancestral hall is in the temple in front of him, in the Guangfu Temple in the west of Houjiabang, and the other is the Pan Family Ancestral Hall on the heart street next to the old house. Given that Guangfu Temple is actually located next to its private garden, Yu Garden, both ancestral halls are located for their old residences. The ancestral hall lu Wenyu gong ancestral hall behind Lu Shen, another Shanghai celebrity, is on the former site of Lu Jiazui Korakuen Villa in Lu's Pudong. Although the ancestral hall of the former owner of the Pann mansion and the sichuan Zuobu envoy Shen En,The Ancestral Hall of Fang Bo Shen Gong Ancestral Hall could not be built in the Pan family's mansion, it was also built in Yao Jia Lane, not far from here, although the place was small, but it also slightly fulfilled the respect of later generations for the township sage (see Zhang Bingzuo's "Fang Bo Shen Gong Ancestral Hall").
So it seems that the Xu Wending Ancestral Hall built in the Ming Dynasty, when it is related to the Xu ancestral residence, also has an extremely close relationship, according to the previous introduction of Xu House and the original Xu Ancestral Hall are in the west of "Taiqingfang Street", Taiqingfang Street is actually not long, it can be inferred that the two are very close to each other, and can even be regarded as one, Xu's descendants will Be Xu House as an ancestral hall dedicated to the ancestors of the gods, so the two places appear in the county chronicle at the same time. In the Taoyuan Beiye of Xu Ji, the prince of the northern part of the city, xu Guangqi's ancestral shrine was also enshrined, which is the same as the example of a shrine in the Lushen Manor, and the possibility of Xu's ancestral residence setting up a shrine has also increased greatly.
A frame of the photo of the Xu Wending Ancestral Hall in the late Qing Dynasty is speculated to have been added to the west side of the old ancestral hall during the Guangxu period, although the original site does not exist, the local cultural relics department has positioned about the location in Lane 250 of Guangqi South Road.
Today, two pillars were found on the street side of Guangqi South Road, which attracted the attention of scholars and speculated on the original role of the stone pillars.
Stone Pillar on Jinguang Qinan Road
Local scholars in Shanghai have speculated that this two pillars should be the pillars of the original "Taiqing Fang", which can be said to be prepared. However, because the location of the second pillar was found, that is, the east side of Xu Guangqi Ancestral Hall and the side of Qiaojiazhai Street; and the "Taiqing Fang" was also abandoned in the Qing Dynasty, or it may be that this pillar is the former archway of "Xu Wending Ancestral Hall", it is not known. More materials were discovered.
Attached to the formation of the folk saying "nine buildings". Judging from the old records of Fuxian County, the old records of the Ming and Qing dynasties do not have the name of "nine buildings", and "nine buildings" only appear once in the "Records of Shanghai County of the Republic of China" (1935), recorded below:
The entry of Catholicism began with Xu Wending Gongguangqi. In the thirty-sixth year of the Ming Dynasty, Guang Qi Ding returned home, passed through Nanjing, and invited guo Jujing, an Italian, to shanghai to start a religion. Yu Nanmen Nei Qiao JiaBang side (small characters: commonly known as the Nine Houses, the present house still exists) is the beginning of Catholicism in Shanghai.
The Ming Dynasty Early Qing Zhishu only mentions that Xu Zhao was in "TaiqingFang", and today's "Nine Houses" is unknown and not close to the street; this theory is very late to know. At the same time, Xu Zhao's explicit statement on the south side of Xue Jiabang also came out late, citing the "Tongzhi Shanghai County Chronicle" "Luo Laotai Temple" article:
In the east of Xinglong Bridge, a Xinglong Nunnery, Xu Wendingguang Qi House next to the house.
The temple of Mrs. Luo is indeed on the west side of the Nine Buildings, which also indirectly indicates that in the Tongzhizhi Era, people already believed that the "Nine Buildings" area south of Xue Jiabang was Xu's ancestral residence.
The reason for this is not difficult to imagine, first of all, after experiencing a long time, and experiencing the cultural relics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, even the descendants of the family may not be able to remember the Qing ancestral home. At the same time, the misremembering occurred precisely after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, when the fortunes of the country were slightly smoother, and the descendants of the Xu clan also rebuilt as important local gentry (such as Xu Wenying), and it was necessary to reconstruct the ancestral cultural inheritance. The appearance of the "wrong truth" of the Nine Houses actually reflects the fact that after the ancestral residence of the Xu clan in the Ming Dynasty became the Wending Ancestral Hall, the descendants of the city moved to Xujiabangnan. According to the recollections of xu's descendants today, the descendants of Duke Wending began to live separately in Xujiahui (Shixu Cemetery), Sangyuan Street (Shixu Guangqi Shuangyuan Villa) and the "Nine Houses" in the Ming Dynasty. The first two places have long been xu Guangqi's property before his death, and the "nine buildings" Xue Jiabang south bank area is not Xu's living time to buy a house, the reason why the descendants moved here is first of all to facilitate the shou ancestor ancestral hall, at the same time, a big speculation, should be the original ancestral residence or moved to the north of the city Taoyuan a xu descendants, in the Qing Dynasty successively placed near the old ancestral temple, which is in line with Xu Guangqi's pre-life arrangement logic for his descendants and industries, to be examined in detail in the future.
epilogue
Xu Guangqi was the most important famous doctor in Shanghai in the classical period, and the examination of his former residence/ancestral hall is undoubtedly an important task for scholars and cultural relics protection workers in Shanghai today. Since the discovery of Xu's "Nine Houses" in the 1950s, the theory of Xu's former residence and its location has gradually become a stereotype. However, the attention of xu's former site in the old city box is still slightly less than that of Xu's cemetery in Xuhui Guangqi Park. Until recently, the stone pillar foundation was found on the side of Guangqi South Road in the south of the city, and the study of the southern area of the old city of Shanghai was ignited with some heat, among which the re-examination of Xu Guangqi's relics in Shanghai has become one of the most important topics. In recent years, the results of the collation and research of Shanghai local history literature have been fruitful, which also provides solid literature support for such Shanghai local studies. According to this article, the exact location of Xu Guangqi's former residence and Wending Gong Ancestral Hall was the northwest corner of the intersection of the old Taiqingfang Avenue/Qiaojiazha Road, that is, the qiaojiazhai lane of the present-day Guangqi South Road, and the newly discovered stone pillars were also located here, which was basically consistent with the map of Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty.
Last year, the "Investigation of Xu Guangqi's Life Deeds" project launched by the Huangpu District Cultural Protection Institute was set up specifically to study and protect the relics of Xu Guangqi in Huangpu District. The number of Xu's relics is the largest in Huangpu District; although there may not be many relics on the ground, the location can still be accurately identified. Through the development of this research, if we can comprehensively sort out the above-ground and underground cultural relics of The Xu Relics in Shanghai, and cooperate with the display and promotion of Xu Guangqi's life contribution, it will undoubtedly be a necessary and vivid lesson in local education.
Author: Wang Qiyuan (Author Affilications: Institute of Chinese Ancient Books Conservation, Fudan University; this article is the phased result of the project "Investigation on Xu Guangqi's Life and Deeds" commissioned by Huangpu District Cultural Protection Institute)
Editor: Chen Chen