This is the western wall of the Quanzhou Confucian Temple, and the quaint bluestone slab at the foot of the foot reflects the longest vermilion wall in the old city. In the past 1,200 years, as the largest temple of literature in the southeast region, the Quanzhou Fu confucian temple has undergone several changes, with a grand scale and magnificent temple, which has bred countless talents.
Lanqiao Lane Inside the Pan Palace
Red vermilion walls, glazed tiles, bricks out of the stone to leave a colorful color.
The wall is like a thick barrier, isolating the Temple of Literature from the hustle and bustle. Beyond the red wall is the famous Lanqiao Lane. Lanqiao Lane is located on the south side of Daxi Street, formerly known as "Blue Bridge Lane", and there are three sources of legend that the name of the lane is three: one is that there was a blue bridge palace in the lane; the second is that there was a chaste and martyr woman with the surname Lan in the lane; the third is that this place is the south gate of Tangluo City, and there was originally a blue bridge across the Haogou, and the Haogou in all directions surged with dark tides, and the Panchi water of the Fuwen Temple was of the same origin. Nowadays, because the alley is located in the west of the Temple of Literature, it is also called "Western Order".
The walls of the Quanzhou Confucian Temple are like a thick barrier that isolates the noise of the outside world.
In the endless time, Lanqiao Lane is watching everything that happens inside and outside the school. During the Republic of China period, the temple of literature south of the star gate as a vegetable market, this well-known "Chinese vegetable market", once the "dragon boss" of the Quanzhou vegetable market; in the 1960s and 1970s, as an annex to the Temple of Literature, the "nine department stores" next to the Pangong Gate Tower were crowded, and most of the people in Quanzhou came here to buy the "three major pieces" of dowry.
"Who's starting jiadi, on the side of Jumen Avenue?" Next to Lanqiao Lane, the 400-year-old Liu's ancient home is the mansion purchased by the descendants of Jinjiang Wang Liu, when the Zhongshan Road was built in the last century, the descendants of the Liu clan followed the ancestral instructions and gave up more than half of the houses for road construction; No. 18 Lanqiao Lane, is the "feng ya zhai" of Quanzhou pipa maker Li Jianyu, for more than ten years, there have been hundreds of pipa from here, and Taiwanese customers have ordered 30; there was once a main temple in the alley, Lanqiao Palace, dedicated to Yang Liulang, the Duke of Zhaoguo, and now it has become a street office...
For hundreds of years, mathematicians have walked through Lanqiao Lane and worshipped Confucius. Most of them have the dream of the title of the gold list in their hearts, hoping to be able to pass the meritorious fish leaping dragon gate, and then cross the Pan Bridge and cross the Pan Pond. However, how many students have dreamed of Lanqiao?
The Temple of Literature of Hehe Province has been passed down for thousands of years
The Temple of Literature has a history of 1,000 years
A FuWen Temple
Ji Xiaolan wrote about the common memories of ba jin's living in ancient and modern times
The Quanzhou Fuwen Temple, the "National Security", is not only a sacred place dedicated to Confucius, but also the fuxue of the ancient state capital. From the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, which was built in the area of present-day Quanzhou Liuzhong and is called "LuSikou Temple", to the Northern Song Dynasty to the current site, 31 years later to Zhuangfu Lane, and then to the old place after 100 years, the Temple of Literature is about 1280 years old.
What is less known is that the Quanzhou Fuwen Temple once resolved the dispute between the Qing government and the Zheng clan to negotiate etiquette, which attracted the great talent Ji Xiaolan to inspect the trial courtyard and record the observations in the "Notes on Reading Wei Caotang". From the ancient Fuxue, to the reconstruction of the Gongyuan development examination shed, to the opening of the civilian primary school, the Fuwen Temple has always been a well-known cultural and educational center in Quanzhou. There are countless "examination masters" who have come out of here, and the masters have competed to exhort them to study, and they have embarked on the road through the examination.
Standing outside the Dacheng Hall, the eyes are full of vermilion, the vicissitudes of the millennium, and the vein of the Quanzhou Fuwen Temple has never been broken.
Late Qing Dynasty Quanzhou Fuwen Temple Examination Shed (Old Photo Remake)
The Qing government negotiated with the Zhengfu Confucian Temple to resolve the dispute over the etiquette of the meeting
The hour hand goes back 300 years. The "Taiwan Waiji" records that in the eighth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1669), the Qing government wanted to appease the Zheng clan of Taiwan, and sent The Punishment Department Shangshu Mingzhu and the Soldier Department Attendant Cai Yurong as the Minister of Chincha into Fujian, and gathered with the King of Jingnan and the Governor of Fujian to gather in Quanzhou to preside over negotiations with the Zheng clan of Taiwan.
However, there was a serious dispute between the two sides over the negotiation of the rites of worship. One side believed that Mingzhu and the others were Chincha ministers, and that the Zheng emissaries needed to go to the corner door and sit sideways; the Zheng emissaries did not agree with this arrangement, refusing to use the etiquette of local officials to meet the Chincha ministers, but demanding the etiquette of guest envoys.
The dispute continued, and the two sides "did not meet for several days". In order to break the deadlock, the Xinghua prefect suggested that the two sides meet at the Quanzhou Fuwen Temple. The Temple of Literature was a place dedicated to Confucius, and at that time officials entered the Temple of Literature through the corner gate and could only sit sideways. Confucius was a saint who was commonly revered on both sides of the strait, and the emissaries of the Zheng clan approved the etiquette of entering the temple, while the chincha minister on behalf of the emperor could walk through the gate.
In the end, this ceremonial dispute was resolved due to the choice of location in the Quanzhou Fuwen Temple. Although the negotiations were ultimately unsuccessful, it was the one in the qing and Zheng negotiations, with the highest level of representation and the closest conditions put forward by each other.
The Fuwen Temple Square, which has undergone several renovations, has returned to its grandeur
Ji Xiaolan once came to Quanquan to inspect the test institute
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a generation of talented sons Ji Xiaolan once inspected the Quanzhou Trial Courtyard and recorded the strange things he encountered in Quanzhou in the "Notes on Reading Wei Caotang". Ji Xiaolan said in the book that the Quanzhou Trial Courtyard was the former Haiphong Provincial Bureau, and that there had been many killings in the Ming Dynasty, and that the trial courtyard house was empty and silent, and it seemed that there were ancient people secretly coming and going. After the group arrived at the Quanzhou Trial Courtyard, sun Jieting, a friend of the curtain, said that he had seen a red-robed man in a gauze hat enter the servant's room, so he reprimanded the ghost at the window, and since then the strange man has not happened again.
In this regard, Zhuang Xiaofang, deputy director of the research department of the China Fujian-Taiwan Rim Museum, believes that leaving aside the legendary nature of the story, Ji Xiaolan's record inadvertently leaves a grand and cold impression of the Quanzhou Trial Institute in the Qing Dynasty.
In fact, during the Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou had no special examination place, and every scientific expedition could only use the Fuxue Confucian Temple as an examination room; in the Southern Song Dynasty, the creation of the "Wangui Hall" of the Qingmen NeigongYuan in the west of the city made Quanzhou have an exclusive examination room; from the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, it could only be held in the Minglun Hall in the Temple of Literature. Therefore, the Temple of Literature was once an important place for examinations for the imperial examination.
In the fourth year of the Qianlong Dynasty, Quanzhou decided to rebuild the Gongyuan, and the Xingquan Yongdao Bureau, which was close to the Fuwen Temple, was successfully converted into the Gongyuan, which was called the Examination Tent (now the Administrative Service Center of Licheng District). The test courtyard that Ji Xiaolan inspected was connected to the Temple of Literature at that time. "At that time, next to the examination shed, there were many bookstores, and when the examination was held, it was like a market." Zhuang Xiaofang said.
The temple of literature is quiet and solemn
The Republic of China founded a civilian primary school Ba Jin once lived in the Temple of Literature to write
Quanzhou City, where the sages gathered, has walked out of countless "examination masters". Interestingly, scholars have found that the Temple of Literature was built nearly 30 times in the Ming Dynasty, and this period was also the most famous period in Quanzhou's history. According to statistics, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty after Jiajing, Quanzhou Province produced a total of 516 jinshi, accounting for 60% of the total number of jinshi in Quanfu during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
In 1921, a civilian primary school was established in the Fuwen Temple, which became the beginning of the modern Fuwen Temple. So, in many early mornings, the students, amid the roar of Japanese military planes, crossed the devastation of the city and ran all the way to the "Civilian Elementary School" of the Fuwen Temple.
The Civilian Primary School was a famous primary school in Quanzhou at that time. At that time, the main hall of the Temple of Literature was a place for meetings, and every Monday students gathered in the main hall to read the "Will of the Prime Minister". Later, the civilian primary school changed its name several times, changing its name to "Quanzhou Second Central Primary School" in 1955, renamed "People's Primary School" in the 1970s, and changing back to "Quanzhou Second Central Primary School" in the 1980s.
It is worth mentioning that in April 1932, the writer Ba Jin lived for 10 days in the Quanzhou Confucian Temple. He sometimes walked by the pan pool, sometimes meditated on the arch bridge, but more often he wrote tirelessly, and the latter part of the fifth chapter of the novel "Rain" was written here.
2. Cai Wenzhuang Ancestral Hall
Two Wenzhuang ancestral halls in the same city, one in the south and one in the north, look far away
The unique architectural style of Cai Wenzhuang Ancestral Hall is eye-catching
Stroll through the empty FuwenMiao Square, on the west side of the square, a traditional house with three entrances and five bays, which is particularly eye-catching because of its unique architectural style. It is a specially built Cai Wenzhuang Ancestral Hall to commemorate a generation of famous ministers Cai Qing.
Cai Qing (1452-1508) was a native of Xiaogan Lane, Licheng, who was born as a scholar, and successively served as the chief of the official department, the member of the ceremonial department, the nanjing ceremonial department langzhong, the deputy envoy of Jiangxi Tixue, and the nanjing guozi supervisor of wine, and was a more influential educator and theoretician. In the fourth year of Ming Longqing (1570), Zhu Bingru, the prefect of Quanzhou, built the Cai Wenzhuang Ancestral Hall, which was once donated by Li Guangdi in the Qing Dynasty, and later repaired by the Cai clan. After hundreds of years of wind and rain and many reconstructions, the ancestral hall is now one of the architectural communities of the Fuwen Temple and the seat of the editorial office of Quanzhou Bunko.
Yang Qingjiang, deputy director of the quanzhou bunko office, recalled that during the Republic of China, it was once set aside as a vegetable market, and was successively used as a tax bureau, a martial arts hall, and a noodle shop, "until the end of the last century, before the relocation of the Chinese food market, the noodle shop was still open, so it suffered serious damage and was on the verge of decay." In 2002, after the relocation of Zhongcai City, the Quanzhou Municipal Government allocated funds for a comprehensive renovation, and the ancestral hall was able to restore its old appearance.
Interestingly, in fact, there are two Cai Qing Ancestral Halls in Quanzhou City, and the other is in Xiaogan Lane, ZengjingPu, West Street. Two shrines, one south and one north, echo each other.
Inside the Three Pan Palace
The former market "dragon boss" has a story of food and more
The former Pangong palace is very lively
"There used to be three very famous people in The Chinese Cuisine Market: Chen Feilong, who sold plasters and swallowed steel balls, a 50-year-old singer who suffered from cataracts, and 'lào) feet' who sold tooth washing powder!" More than fifty years have passed like water, and Xu Yuecai, director of the Quanzhou Urban Local History Society, still clearly remembers the "Three Heroes of Chinese Cuisine" often seen before the "Cultural Revolution".
In the 1930s, walking through the remaining archway gate of Pangongkou on Zhongshan Middle Road, you will see the complicated Tumen Chinese Vegetable Market, which the old Quanzhou people call "Chinese Cuisine Market". Since the reform and opening up, With its geographical advantages, people and advantages, Zhongcai City has become the "leading boss" of major vegetable markets in Quanzhou, and its business is very prosperous.
Pangongkou gathers Minnan cuisine "Three Heroes of Chinese Cuisine" is famous
Crossing the mountain gate at the mouth of pangong, various minnan snacks are lined up on both sides of the road. Standing here, you can't see the eaves of the Temple of Literature, because the most popular and largest Chinese vegetable market in Quanzhou at that time was in front of you.
"As the saying goes, 'enter the Chinese cuisine, get out of the Pan Palace', that is to say, if you enter the Chinese cuisine market, you must want to get out of the Pan Palace." He Ruidong, a retired old factory director in Quanzhou, recalled that the small road in Pangong can be described as an authentic food street, frying, frying, stewing, frying, brine noodles, fried buns... Crowded this not spacious road is bustling with activity.
At that time, there was a popular theater at the entrance of The Chinese Cuisine Market, and a storytelling hall by the Confucius Spring. After the delisting of the Chinese food market, storytelling, monkey playing, changing tricks, selling plasters have appeared...
In the 1960s, after crossing the Pangongkou Archway Gate and before reaching the stone road of Cai Qingci Temple, the famous "Three Heroes of Chinese Cuisine" recalled by the old Quanzhou people were often active here. At that time, Xu Yue, who was only a teenager, looked at the scene in front of him like a market:
Chen Feilong, a 50-year-old "You Fang Lang Zhong" is a city resident, in order to better sell his plaster, he will take out a small steel ball slightly larger than the Quanzhou Lantern Pill and swallow it in public, and finally it is safe.
About 50-year-old "blind" artists hold the moon piano and sing local minor tunes, no matter who it is, as long as they pay five cents or a dime, they can sing songs or opera excerpts, at that time she most often sang "Xuemei Godson" and "Boat Song". In fact, she is not blind and may have cataracts.
The man known as "Foot", while pulling the erhu, shouted and sold his "White Snow" brand washing powder, because of his tall and slender body, his figure and name have remained in the memory of the old Quanzhou people.
Today, panguguchi is much quieter
Restoration of quanzhou prefectural temple regulations The Chinese cuisine market was dismantled into memory
In 2001, in order to protect the "national security" Quanzhou Fuwen Temple, the Quanzhou Municipal Government decided to demolish the Chinese vegetable market, restore the scale of the ancient Confucian Temple, and build the Confucian Temple into a large cultural square.
The Chinese vegetable market was demolished, and many people understood that these areas were the boundaries of the Temple of Literature. The Chinese vegetable market, which has a history of nearly 100 years, has since been divided into three, namely the later Wenling Road Vegetable Market, the Longgong Vegetable Market and the Xinmen Street Vegetable Market.
Since then, the Chinese vegetable market has disappeared from the stage of history. The past is long, when Xu Yuecai stood at the mouth of the Pan Palace, the bustling Chinese vegetable market and the figure of the vendors who shouted in the past were gone, only the repaired Pan Palace gate tower stood proudly, marking the past years.
The Liu family style is left behind in the past century
No. 92 Zhongshan Middle Road
Liu's century-old home was reborn
Looking down over the Arcade Building on Zhongshan Road, you can see an old mansion with one entrance and two guards, connecting the red wall of the Arcade Tower and the Fuwen Temple, which is the residence of the descendants of the Later Tang Dynasty AndeGuo Duke and King Liu of Jinjiang. The house sits on the east facing west, and the back leads directly to Lanqiao Lane, and the Chengtian Temple not far away is the former site of The South Garden.
The descendants of the Liu clan did not forget to repair the Zhongshan Road to let the half house
It is not easy to enter the Liushi Ancient House, and you have to take a detour to Lanqiao Lane to enter. "The owner of this ancient house is surnamed Liu, who belongs to the Qingyuan Liu clan and is a descendant of Liu Congxiao." Mr. Zhu, a friend of the owner of the house, is presiding over the repair of the ancient house.
Liu Congxiao (906-962), in the war chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, adopted the policy of relieving the army and protecting the people's land, conscientiously governed the Quanzhang area for 17 years, and vigorously advocated the development of production, commerce and shipping, so that Quanzhang's commerce flourished in the war, known as "ten thousand houses in the cloud house, the number of buildings and pheasants". Before his death, Liu Congxiao was given the title of Duke of Eguo and King of Jinjiang, and after his death, he was given the title of Taiwei (太尉) and the Governor of Lingzhou(lingzhou).
Sitting on the east and facing west, the original area of more than 700 square meters was changed hands several times, and finally bought by the descendants of the Liu clan. In the twentieth century, the Quanzhou municipal government built Zhongshan Road, and the descendants of the Liu clan at that time did not forget the ancestors' "Limin" family training, and gave up more than half of the houses for road construction. The current Liushi Ancient House is only one-third of the original, but its wide hall doors and clouds on the doors and windows still make people feel the glory of the ancient house in the past.
The old house still preserves many centuries-old objects
400 years of ancient home renovation with the house to save lan gift friends
"This ancient house uses a structure of lower soil and upper bricks, and for more than 400 years, there have been many problems in the whole." Mr. Zhu said that the original owner developed in Hong Kong and asked him to come back to preside over the repair work. "Mr. Liu's grandmother and himself were born and raised here."
Under the auspices of Mr. Zhu, the loose rammed earth walls were reinforced, the doors and windows were re-polished and renovated according to the original carved and cloud patterned patterns, and the roof swallowtail ridge was also repaired and raised high into the sky. In addition to these new appearances, the old house still preserves not a few old objects from a hundred years ago.
Under the backyard patio, there are several pots of orchids known as the "gentleman of flowers". Mr. Zhu said that these orchids have been breeding since the construction of the old house and have a "400-year history". Just like the descendants of the Liu clan who spread their branches and leaves everywhere, whenever these orchids are branched, Mr. Liu will pick them up and give them to friends with orchids.
There are also three ancient wells scattered in the ancient house, which lead to hao ditches, and there is still water in the well, which is of the same origin as the panchi water in the Fuwen Temple. The Qingyuan Liu clan is like this water, with a long history and generations of talents.
18 Woodland Bridge Lane
Tang Feng Ancient Rhyme Style Ya Zhai Pipa Sound Sue Pingsheng
Li Jianyu is eager to reproduce the top craftsmanship of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty a thousand years ago and make a good pipa that has been passed down from generation to generation.
As the sun slopes westward, the warm winter sun shines in from the panes, hitting the lutes on the walls, casting shadows. Li Jianyu, 51, took a lute blank from the wall and asked his apprentice to paint and engrave.
Li Jianyu is well-known in Quanzhou's southern music circle, and his pipa studio is located at 18 Lanqiao Lane. Although this small workshop named "Feng Ya Zhai" is hidden in a corner of a deep alley, it does not prevent people from coming to visit. A round and elegant pipa on the wall, a carving knife gently falling from the hands of the craftsman, and the Tang style ancient rhyme of the pipa flowing throughout the room, as if to narrate the master's lifelong pursuit of "making a good pipa that has been passed down from generation to generation".
In 1967, Li Jianyu was born in Nan'an Shishan, the son of a local Southern musician. When he graduated from middle school at the age of 16, he signed up for the Township Nanyin class and fell in love with Nanyin ever since.
In order to do pipa, Li Jianyu lives alone in Quanzhou for many years, the studio has changed its address several times, but the good reputation is widely circulated, the Taiwanese teacher is 30, the Japanese professor who studies the southern music theory is also admired, and the Southeast Asian South Music Troupe comes to the door in batches... For more than ten years, there are hundreds of pipas created by him, these pipas have outstanding shapes, fine workmanship, fingers gently twisted slowly, the sound of ancient rhymes leisurely into the ears, the sound of fine rhymes.
Nowadays, Li Jianyu makes pipa during the day, performs at the South Music House at night, and comes back to work slowly to grind the pipa. Someone advised him not to earn more by working in the factory, but he just shook his head slightly, laughed and said, "I can't put down Nanyin!" In fact, in the depths of his heart, Li Jianyu is eager to reproduce the top production skills of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty a thousand years ago and make a good pipa.
The old alley is quiet
Quanzhou's "Wangfujing" Pangongkou "Nine Department Stores"
"Nine Department Stores" has been trend-setting for decades (infographic)
From the FuwenMiao Square to the west, through the Pangong Archway and turn right, is the historical famous "Nine Department Stores", also known as Pangong Department Store. Founded in the 1960s and 1970s, Jiujian Department Store was often crowded in an era of scarcity because of the wide variety of goods it supplied.
Lin Linan and Xu Xue'e, who used to live on the side of the "Nine Rooms", had endless stories to tell when they talked about the "Nine Rooms". Xu Xue'e recalled that when she was a child, the marriage "pomp and circumstance" of the people around her - a family with a good family, the dowry had to have "three major pieces", and most of these "three major pieces" were bought from the "nine rooms".
Lin Linan said that in the past, every festival, the "nine rooms" were crowded, "the 'nine rooms' storefront is large in scale, the goods are rich and complete, and even overseas Chinese will write letters to let their families help purchase." ”
In 2006, a fire broke out in the "Nine Department Stores", and most of the shops here have now been leased and operated by private individuals. (Reporters Zhang Suping, Lin Fulong, Wang Baifeng, intern, Wu Hanyang)