(Editor's note: "Last Night the West Wind Withered the Green Tree" is a very thought-provoking and good article.) The author recounts his experiences in the anti-rightist movement with plain language, conclusive and concrete facts, and the writer's unique meticulous and thorough observation of life, and his perplexity, helplessness, pain, and feelings in his informance, which make people feel like they have experienced it when they read it, and it is unforgettable and unforgettable. It seems to be a plain story, but it has the power to shock people's hearts.
The author, Xu Guangyao, is a well-known contemporary writer in mainland China. In 1938, at the age of 13, he participated in the revolution and became a small eighth road, in the cruel war environment, he studied his own, and wrote many reports and articles reflecting the war of resistance during the War of Resistance against Japan. In 1947, he entered the Department of Literature of the School of Literature and Art of North China Associated University as a Xi, and after graduation, he stayed at the university as a graduate student. After the liberation of the country, he entered the Institute of Literature with Ding Ling as his director for further study. He is the author of "Plain Fire", "Little Soldier Zhang Ga", "Four Hundred Creatures", "Little Disaster Star", "Comedy Series" and other works. In 1983, he served as the secretary of the party group of the Hebei Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the chairman of the Hebei Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles in 1984, and the chairman of the Hebei Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles in 1986. He is now retired. ）
I like to listen to stories since I was a child, and at the age of 13, I became a little "Eight Roads", and this Xi will not change. Later, I was moved by many heroes in the line of fire, and I also practiced writing stories and making up stories, so I became a writer. From the development of writers, it is natural to become a "rightist".
To say "it came naturally" means "destined", and the story becomes a story, all of which arise at the intersection of inevitability and chance.
Because I didn't want to make the reader suffer too much, and in order to alleviate my pain, I took the method of storytelling, so that everyone could relax a little more. Of course, it is inevitable to suddenly "excited" or run "wild horses", the principle is not to leave the big topic, and the facts ensure the accuracy of the words.
First, the source of the disaster
If it weren't for Fu Zuoyi's sneak attack and seizure of Zhangjiakou, the "North China United University" in the liberated area at that time would not have had to march thousands of miles in a panic and move to our military subdivision. However, they moved and were stationed near our sub-district, in a rural area not far from Sinji. At that time, I was the deputy head of the creative team of the "Frontline Drama Club" in the sub-district, and because I had written dozens of anti-Japanese reports and stories, I had a convenient opportunity to enter the literature department and transfer classes (we have been taking classes for more than a year) to study and Xi. Chen Qixia is the head of the department and suddenly became my teacher. This was in 1947, I was 22 years old, just when I was very self-motivated, so I listened attentively, studied hard, and after graduating in 8 months, I actually made a meritorious service and a small merit because of my excellent academic and Xi grades (at that time, meritorious service was divided into three levels: great merit, merit, and small merit), and I was the greatest contributor to the Department of Literature. This left a deep impression on the teachers and showed a bright future to myself, but it also opened up my troubles.
In 1950, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ding Ling was ordered to establish the Central Institute of Literature (later renamed the Xi Institute). At that time, I had just published a novel called "Plain Fire", and because it was written about the Communist Party's fight against Japan, the party's prestige was high, and the novel was quite influential. Ding Ling must have also read this book, so as soon as I applied for admission, the institute welcomed it. Two months before the start of school, I took off my military uniform and moved into No. 103 Gulou East Street, running in and out of the office with great enthusiasm, helping with chores. Director Ding Ling has not yet appeared, and he is eagerly looking forward to her coming to take office soon, so as to have a glimpse of the demeanor of this great writer who is a party member. At that time, no matter what, all the party felt sublime and precious—who knew that in this happiness and happiness, a second bane was planted.
In 1953, as soon as I graduated from the Institute of Literature and Research, I went to the countryside. First, the party's general line for the transitional period at that time said that agricultural cooperation was the "only way" for building socialism, and as a party member and a soldier, I should rush ahead on this road; second, Ding Ling once exhorted me: "We must forget that we are a writer" and go to life to temper ourselves in a down-to-earth manner, "It is not terrible to not be able to write for a while, but what is terrible is that we will never be able to write well." So I took my military post and went to Xiongxian County, Daqing Hebei, my hometown, and became the deputy secretary of the third district party committee, and I was in charge of mutual aid groups and cooperatives. This "fierce son" has been tied for three years, and he has worked hard with the peasants every day, so that when my first child is born, I didn't bother to look at it.
In the last year of these three years, there was a major incident in the literary and artistic circles, and suddenly a "Ding Chen anti-party clique" was created, and my two teachers, Ding Ling and Chen Qixia, suddenly became "anti-party elements". I only heard the news when I went back to Beijing to get my salary, and my mind was like a thunderbolt, why, they are all old underground party members, they were in the revolution when I wore open pants, and they were all "soaked" in the holy land of Yan'an for many years, judging from the article, they are all hardcore defenders of the party's cause and the party's prestige, and I have not heard even a single complaint from them in ordinary contact, why? How?......
Before I could "how", my unit informed me to attend the party congress convened by the Central Propaganda Department and designated me to speak at the meeting. But I haven't heard the official communication of what Ding and Chen are guilty of. However, the word must be spoken. I joined the party at the age of 13, and I had been a party member for 17 years at that time, and I was used to listening to the party's words since I was a child. I am their "proud protégé", and it is natural to suppress "poison" first.
The party congress of the Central Propaganda Department was attended by several hundred people, and of course it was to criticize "Ding and Chen." What impressed me so far is Minister Lu Dingyi's speech, he said that everything in the literary and artistic circles is "laughing and laughing", and politics is hanged and arrogant, and he does not know seriousness. His sharp words and harsh words made me break out in a cold sweat, and I was deeply ashamed of my sluggishness and numbness. After a few denunciations, I was called out on stage by name - I'm sorry, I didn't mean to cover it up, I really don't remember what I said at the time, in short, I grabbed the word "one-book doctrine" and scolded it without a head.
The story is beautiful when there are ups and downs. Just one year later, in 1956, I left my life in the countryside and returned to Beijing to write a long story about cooperatives. He was also transferred from the North China Military Region to the Creation Office of the Ministry of Culture of the General Political Department, and lived with Hu Ke and Du Feng at No. 15 Da'er Hutong along the Qianwaixi River. At that time, there were already rumors that Ding Ling and Chen Qixia were not convinced by the anti-party arguments and were complaining to the central authorities. I am a lonely person, my life is very narrow, I don't listen carefully to what the party organization says, and I only work on my creations. One day in the summer, Hou Jinjing came to our small courtyard to visit the door. He was originally a veteran of the "Anti-Enemy Drama Society," deputy director of the Culture Department and chief of the Literature and Art Section of the North China Military Region, and our old superior, who is now Zhang Guangnian's deputy -- deputy editor-in-chief of the "Literature and Art Daily." We also know that Hou Jinjing has always been very dedicated, thoughtful, and serious, and never believes in words. Sure enough, soon after he sat down, he said: Now there is something that is "passive," and the central authorities have approved it and demanded a "retrial" of the "Ding and Chen anti-party clique." The leading party group of the Writers' Association has been busy with this matter all day and is very nervous. Later, he made two more points: first, he said that it is not appropriate to use pressure in intra-party struggles, because the consequences are often bad, and second, "it is still time to solve the problem."
This folk gossip has triggered some of my ideological activities: First, Ding and Chen Zhen have "complained" and now they have to be "re-examined"; second, it is not appropriate to use pressure in intra-party struggles, which is very correct. This is why I think of the "movement," "three antis," "five antis," "anti-rebellion," and so on, all of which have used pressure, so that in the later stages of each "movement," we must put up a special stage of "review" and "screening" in order to "wash" out the mistakes. Of course, it is very painful for a person to be beaten wrongly, but the pain can be cleared up, which is much better than being wronged to the end. So I thought, if Ding and Chen were really beaten by mistake, wouldn't they have already come out of the day? Who knew that this thought didn't matter, and they had planted another bane psychologically.
2. Natural traps
Simply convicting the "Ding and Chen anti-party clique" as an ironclad case and not engaging in any "retrial" is actually a great merit, which can at least save a considerable number of people and save many people from being brought in to perform a tumbling drama. However, the inevitability of the story is revealed through the advancement of chance, which is dazzling and interesting.
I am separated from a small corner of the army's creative studio, which has nothing to do with the big stage centered on Ding and Chen. Despite the strong trend of "retrial", even Zhou Yang admitted that the "struggle went too far" in 1955. But no one in our creative studio is enthusiastic about this, and the three people at No. 15 Daer Hutong are all immersed in their own works: Hu Ke is brewing ideas around Rong Guanxiu, Du Feng is busy finishing up the script "Long Live the Hero", and I, sinking in the story of agricultural cooperation, racking my brains. People who engage in creative work are often criticized for "not asking about politics", and everyone does not want to cause trouble.
As the saying goes, "the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop", and the "class struggle" is still knocking on the door. In the first case, Li Xinghua (then the editor of "Literature and Art Xi") of the United Nations University called and said that Chen Qixia had been detained for more than a year and had recently been released. I think that the teacher is in difficulty, the classmate Gao Yi, and he does have a remuneration for the manuscript, and it is not a political issue to give a coat, so why push it, so I asked how much I needed, and replied that it was two or three hundred. I asked him to send someone and took 300 yuan.
As soon as I entered the novel, I came to the second part, or for money. This time, a female student of the United Nations University, who was the leader of my Xi group when I was in the Department of Literature, has always respected me. When she entered the door, she said that Chen Qixia was dying of bitterness, her house was in chaos, the ghost was crying and the wolf was howling, and she had reached the end of the day and did not know tomorrow, and asked me to immediately "help" a few hundred yuan. This time, I muttered a little. I am a frugal person, and I am also very myself, and I have just paid 300 yuan, how can I "die of misery" so quickly? What worries me in the end is that I am still afraid that "the case will not be overturned" and that I will be dragged into some "group." There have been many examples of the "movement" in the past. So he hesitated and said: As for the money, you can give it, but you must report it to my branch to see the attitude of the organization, so as not to change in the future, everyone can't say clearly.
When this female classmate heard this, her face changed, and she was very indignant and accused me of being "ungrateful" and said some ugly things. I was embarrassed, as if I was really "ungrateful". But she still found me a step down the stairs and said flexibly: "In this case, you lent me the money, and it has nothing to do with Chen Qixia! I don't have to oppose the party, do you? You don't need to go to the branch to report." ”
Coincidentally, I had just received a sum of 400 yuan for my manuscript, which had not yet been deposited in the bank. She opened the drawer, grabbed it all, and told me when she went out: "Don't tell anyone, Chen Qixia, you know, if you know that the money was given by a classmate, he will return it." "I've always been reliable, nod my head assure.
These two sums of money were later convicted of "financing the enemy". What is a "capital enemy"? Young people nowadays are very unfamiliar. In those days in the anti-Japanese base areas, if anyone got cotton, grain, and other valuable materials produced in the base areas to sell them in enemy areas, once they were caught, they were often judged to be profiteers and had to be shot, and the crime was "financing the enemy."
It was the end of 1956 that really decided my fate. Xia Xinrong, the clerk of the creation room, personally came to the door and gave me a large envelope. The envelope has a very conspicuous "top secret" big red stamp, and there is a triple single receipt sticked to the back, the receipt number is "1266", and the date of the type is "December 1, 1956".
I went back into the room and carefully opened the envelope, which contained a letter from the party group of the Chinese Writers Association to me, which was written in a very beautiful handwriting, as if written by a female comrade, and was stamped with the words "Chinese Writers Association" and "Dai" at the end of the letter. The printed documents were all written by Ding Ling: 1. "My Review"; 2. "Letter to the Party Committee of the Central Propaganda Department: Justification of Major Facts"; and 3. "Supplemental Justification of Justification Materials", totaling about 30,000 words.
I have to copy the letter of the party group below, although it destroys the style of storytelling, for the sake of accuracy, I can't take care of it.
Comrade Xu Guangyao:
At the instructions of the Party Committee of the Central Propaganda Department, the problems and facts revealed by the enlarged meeting of the leading party group of the Writers' Association about the activities of Ding Ling, Chen Qixia, and others against the small party group are now being investigated and verified. With regard to Comrade Ding Ling's history, we have now examined it clearly, and no new issues have been found other than the ones she has explained in the past.
(1) Some people say: In the past, there was a rumor among the students of the Institute that the Institute was founded by Ding Ling, can you provide specific information on this issue, such as who said it and who passed it on, and how do you and the other students understand this result? If you say that the Institute was founded by Ding Ling, does this mean that in the minds of the students, only Ding Ling is known and there is no party? As far as you know, what is Ding Ling's influence among the students? What was your opinion of her and the other students at that time? (2) Some people say: Have you ever heard that Ding Ling spread the idea of "one-book doctrine" and advocated bourgeois individualism such as pride? Have you, the students and other comrades you are familiar with been influenced by this kind of thinking? What is your opinion on this issue? In addition, Ding Ling once proposed at a certain meeting that your "Fire on the Plains" is only a little lower than "Day and Night." At which meeting did she talk about it, and under what circumstances? Did she encourage your pride? What effect did it have on you? In addition, some people say that after Ding Ling returned from the Soviet Union, she told you that people have to write a work, but did she mean to promote the "one-book doctrine" to you? What did she say at that time? What was your understanding at the time and what is your opinion now?
(3) Some people say that Ding Ling propagated and cultivated a cult of personality at the Institute of Culture and Research, and Zhang Fengzhu also spread some remarks among the students that promote a cult of personality and hinder unity.
(4) Some people say that under the control of Ding Ling, the Institute of Culture and Research does not want the party's leadership, and the air of the party and the revolution cannot enter.
(5) When the Central Propaganda Department was discussing the suspension of the Institute, as far as you know, which two students were sent by the Institute to attend the meeting of the Central Propaganda Department as observers? Who sent them? How was the arrangement made? What were the reactions among the students at that time on this issue? Have you ever heard Comrade Ding Ling spread among the students that she was dissatisfied with the Central Propaganda Department?
(6) As far as you know, what is Ding Ling's influence among the students? What bad influences did Ding Ling have on you? What is your opinion on the issue of Ding and Chen's anti-party clique?
Attached is a copy of Comrade Ding Ling's defense materials and review, and you are requested to put forward specific opinions or views after reading them.
Please send us your questions in writing by December 7.
Writers' Association Party Group (seal)
November 30th
After reading the letter, the first thing that came to mind was the following: First, the leading party group of the Writers' Association investigated the materials of a party member in a "top secret" manner, explaining that the matter was of great importance and should not be treated in idle; second, the letter repeatedly referred to "Comrade Ding Ling" and said that there was no new discovery of historical issues, and it seemed that the characterization of "anti-party" might have changed; third, the questions were raised in a very specific way, indicating that the "correct investigation" was done seriously and carefully, which was very much like seeking truth from facts. So I rejoiced in my heart, thinking that the "old Eighth Road" style was back, and the party was great, wise and correct after all!
Judging from the problems in the letter, Ding Lingzhi was branded as an "anti-party clique," and his crimes were basically as follows: controlling the Institute of Literature and Research, not wanting the party's leadership, and the students only knew that there was Ding Ling, but did not know that there was a party; propagating the "one-book doctrine" and advocating pride; spreading dissatisfaction with the Central Propaganda Department, and so on. The questions are all closely related to the Institute of Culture and Research, and I don't know if there are others. Who "discovered" and "exposed" these crimes? Why don't I feel ?—— sorry for him! It still matters if I write a reply.
Because the letter is serious and serious, I also set a rule for myself: We must use party spirit to resist the joy in our hearts, and only if Ding Ling is still the leader of the anti-party clique, the facts stated must be objective and fair, impartial, and strictly guard against bringing partiality into it. As soon as I made up my mind, I immediately stopped the long story, checked the diary, flipped through the notes, recalled the interactions, prepared for the facts, drafted it in one day, and quickly wrote the reply. I read it twice, but I was afraid that it was not complete, so I quietly took it to Hu Ke, the leader of the party group who lived in the north house, and asked him to find faults. Hu Ke has always been cautious and decent, lively and gentle, and easy to get close to. After reading it, he said, "I don't see anything wrong," but he clenched his fists and made a "collision" gesture: "It's just that it's not enough." "I understand what he means, it's not strong and sharp enough, it should be more energetic. When he returned to my house, he added a fifth item to the "opinions" section at the end of the letter -- if Hu Keruo saw this, he might smile bitterly? How could he have thought that that rather playful "collision" gesture was actually cheering for my "anti-party" efforts.
The next day, he copied it correctly, respectfully sealed it strictly, and sent a Communist Party member directly to the party group of the Writers' Association, instructing him to also take the receipt back.
Here, I would like to make a small request to readers, asking you to use the spirit of "picking bones in eggs" to find out the "anti-party" elements or factors. Here's the reply.
Party Group of the Writers Association:
I only received your letter on the evening of the 8th of this month, so there is no way to send this material to you before the 7th.
After receiving the letter, I spent two days looking through all my diaries from 1950 to 1953, reading the lecture records of my time at the Institute of Literature and Research, contacting them, and recalling my contact with Ding Ling. Now, I will answer your questions based on that.
(1) On the issue of "in the past, there was a saying among the students of the Institute that 'the Institute was founded by Ding Ling'".
1. There was such a fact, on September 30, 1960, when I first came to Beijing from Tianjin, I met Comrade Chen Miao, who told me the reason for the establishment of the Institute of Culture and Research, to the effect that: (1) Soon after the liberation, Chairman Mao went to Ding Ling to talk to her and asked her whether she was willing to be an official or a writer. Ding replied, "I am willing to do my part to cultivate new literary and artistic youth." Chairman Mao listened and said, "Very good, very good", and encouraged him very much. Therefore, Ding Ling has great determination and enthusiasm for the establishment of the Institute. (2) The establishment of the Institute of Arts and Research is also related to the attention of Soviet friends. A young writer from the Soviet Union (probably Gong Char, I don't remember exactly) looked for a literary school as soon as he arrived in Beijing, but when he heard that there was none, he expressed his disappointment; (3) When Comrade Shaoqi went to the Soviet Union, Stalin asked him if there was a school in China to train poets. The above two items also played a role in promoting the establishment of the Institute.
That's what I've heard about the founding of the Institute, and I've never had the chance to hear about it again.
My opinion at the time was that the Institute was run by the party, and there was no doubt about that. (At that time, there was also a saying that "the Institute of Literature and Research is a party school of literature and art") Ding Ling played a great and even major role in it, and I felt that there was no doubt, because the party committee entrusted her to run the Institute of Literature and Art. The establishment of the Institute of Culture and Research reflects the party's care for young writers, which is embodied in Ding Ling's enthusiasm and enthusiasm for the party.
2. In my opinion, it is completely untrue to say that the students at that time "only knew that there was Ding Ling in their minds, but did not know that there was a party". First, Ding Ling does have a great prestige among the students, and there are many reasons for the formation of this prestige, one of the reasons is that she is a party member writer, and it is natural for some people to place a lot of trust in her because she is a party member. Second, in the daily work of the Institute of Culture and Research, there are many specific leaders, and Ding Ling does not interfere much, most of them are directly done by comrades such as Tian Jian and Kang Hao. The activities of the branch have never ceased from beginning to end, and many ideological struggles, political movements, and even the final rectification of the party have been directly led by the branch, and all these works have been carried out quite successfully. Third, most of the accusations and opinions made by party members against the institute have been raised through the party branch, and the party's activities often affect the students' Xi, life, and thinking, so how can we say that we do not know that there is a party? As far as I know, more than half of the students are party members, and most of them have a very long party history, and to say that these people "do not know that there is a party" is too much to underestimate our level of consciousness. Fourth, we have all heard that the teaching policy, plan, personnel composition, and other major matters of the Institute were approved by the Central Propaganda Department after discussion and study, and we have never felt that Ding Ling wanted to cover up the party's influence.
3. As for Ding Ling's influence among the students, I think it is very great, and she has almost won universal love. People's impression of her is mainly that she knows creation very well, knows people very well, is very enthusiastic and concerned about young people, and moreover, she also gives me the impression of loving the party and the new society. She has repeatedly defended the literature and art of the liberated areas, the literature and art of workers, peasants and soldiers, especially when they are attacked.
(2) On the issue of "one-book doctrine" and the promotion of pride.
1. As far as I know, Ding Ling has repeatedly opposed pride. At the beginning of the school year, she criticized the tendency of some students to look down on new literature since the May Fourth Movement. Later, some people looked down on the works of the liberated areas and did not read the newly published articles, but she contacted Pride and criticized them. At the end of the Institute, she twice harshly criticized my pride, which caused me to be afraid to see her for a while. Therefore, opposing pride and advocating open-minded learning Xi is one of the outstanding impressions she gave me, which I am afraid that the students of the Institute of Culture and Research can testify to.
2. I think the term "one-book doctrine" is inappropriate to put on Ding Ling's head. She said that trance can be connected like this, such as she said: Writing a book should let the reader gain something after reading it, and never forget it for a long time, there must be the author's own hard work, his own discovery in it, and there must be characters who can stand up, and so on. I thought she was advocating for quality and shoddy manufacturing, and there is nothing wrong with that.
As for the words mentioned in the letter that she told me that "I have to write a book", it may refer to the fact that Ding Ling and Cao Yu were going to the Soviet Union to participate in the commemoration of Gogol, and the day before they left, that is, on February 26, 1952, Ding Ling asked me to help her buy some gifts, and at her home, she said to me: "It is not a great honor to go abroad alone and be in the limelight. As a matter of fact, only a few writers pay attention to writers going abroad, and only a few students pay attention to students going abroad, and others do not pay attention to them. Therefore, to be truly admired by the people and always remembered in mind, there must still be a few works left to the people and future generations. "I said this to me when I came back from the Soviet Union for three months, and I thought she was implying to me that going abroad was nothing big and that I should not be proud of.
3. There was also such a fact: on November 9, 1950, the Institute of Literature and Research held a plenary meeting to announce the Xi plan for the first quarter of 1951. However, there is no work like this, like when we read "Water Margin", we want to tell people how Li Kui and Wu Song are; But when I read our works, I often say that life is rich and the language is good, but after a while, I forget it. A few days ago, I gave a lecture at Renmin University and bragged: "Fire on the Plains" is only a little bit worse than "Days and Nights", that is, the characters, Zhou Tiehan is still a bit conceptual. We say that there are few works, mainly the concept of characters. However, each of us has come up with a few good books, but this is not in a hurry, you are all very young, how can you be so fast?...... "If you take out the sentence ""The Fire of the Plains" is only a little bit worse than "Days and Nights", it is problematic, but it seems far-fetched to say that she is encouraging me to be proud. And in this same speech, she said: "We are a long-distance race, we just started from the starting point, the road ahead is still long, those who have achieved nothing can not be proud, everyone should not be afraid of him, what should be said." The book came out, it belongs to the people, not yours. The people should criticize and can criticize, and if they don't let the people criticize, they are misers, so it's better for you to be a typist......".
That's the truth of what she said. It is possible to be misunderstood. In my speech at the Party Congress held by the Central Propaganda Department, I also criticized the "one-book doctrine," but it was said without serious thought under a kind of air and pressure, and it only explained a mistake in my thinking, and I am ashamed of those words.
(3) I don't think Ding Ling has promoted and cultivated a cult of personality in the Institute. I adored her, but I don't think it's because of her upbringing, it's about me. It should also be said that I have admired many people, company commanders, regiment commanders, corps commanders, and many leaders of our party, but it cannot be said that they have cultivated my personality cult.
What Zhang Fengzhu spread, I don't know, I haven't been in contact with her.
(4) I don't have the feeling that "under the control of Ding Ling, I don't want the party's leadership, and the air of the party and the revolution can't enter". Kang Hao, Tian Tian and many other comrades did a lot of work, but at that time, I felt that Ding Ling interfered too little in the institute, and I often hoped that she would do more work in the institute. Of course, if Kang, Tian and others were held by Ding Ling, and she did not want the party leadership through them, I don't know. But when I think about it, I don't think that's the case.
(5) I don't know or hear of the Central Propaganda Department's discussion of the suspension of the Institute.
(6) Ding Ling's bad influence on me, I think it is: (1) she has won "Plain Fire"; (2) She favored me (let me buy her a gift abroad, let me go to her house to accompany Ehrenburg, Neruda, Liu Ba and others to dinner, etc.). These will make me proud. However, what resounded more in my heart was her words of "don't be proud, don't be proud".
Finally, I would like to share some of my thoughts and opinions since the Ding and Chen incidents, for your reference.
1. I think that if Ding Ling had no other political problems, only mistakes in ideology and style, she would still be an excellent writer of our party, she had made meritorious achievements in propagating, adhering to, and defending the literary and artistic direction of workers, peasants and soldiers, and had also done a lot of work in cultivating literary and artistic youth (in the process of exposing the Ding and Chen incidents, this point was also very prominent), and she had real feelings for the party and New China, and her influence on creation could not be ignored. If there is a glimmer of hope, I ask the party to do its best to save her, in the spirit of the Eighth National Congress, to clarify her problems with a cherished attitude, and to take measures to eliminate the negative impact caused by this incident, which will be beneficial to the party.
2. If there are any excesses or improprieties in the process of exposing and handling the Ding and Chen incidents, I hope that the leading party group of the Writers' Association will learn this lesson: When carrying out ideological struggle, try to avoid the use of pressure to prevent the creation of an atmosphere in which no one dares to express opposing views. Because, whatever one may say, it's not good for the resolution of things. There are many young, naïve, and inexperienced comrades who, under such pressure, often say things that are not serious enough. This was the case in my own speech at the meeting of the Central Propaganda Department. This is likely to only contribute to a more complex and confusing issue, rather than fully reflecting the truth of the matter. It is needless to say that this is not good for the party, but even for these young comrades, will it be easy for them to feel relaxed for some time to come? These comrades should conduct their own examination, and the party group should also consider in advance that it may be a painful consequence. Of course, if someone deliberately lies and deceives the trust of the party, it should be condemned as necessary.
3. Even if Ding Ling is wrong in many places, I think that her enthusiasm and efforts in cultivating young writers alone are worth learning Xi from our party's writers and senior writers. All party writers should have as close ties with young writers as she did, and from the point of view of the party's ties with the masses, this should also be the case.
4. There should be a proper evaluation of the merits and demerits of the Institute of Culture and Research in the past few years. Since the revelations of the Ding and Chen incidents, there has been a tendency to deny the Institute in its reports, speeches, and speeches at many meetings, as if it had only cultivated the "one-book doctrine," advocated pride, and propagated bourgeois ideology. This is not only unfactual and unfair, but also burdens dozens of young people who have studied Xi there, making them often confused and even ashamed to admit that they have studied at the Institute, and it also affects the perception Xi of them in some organizations. In my opinion, this is also an issue that should not be taken lightly, and that some overly one-sided statements should be corrected.
5. I have a feeling that your attitude towards your letter to me this time is not comprehensive and objective enough, and it only asks me what influence I have been influenced by the "one-book doctrine" and whether something has encouraged my pride, and Ding Ling has given me "some bad influences", but it does not ask me to refute these issues, nor does it ask me what good influence I have received from her. This makes me a little worried about whether such an investigation question will get a completely fair result.
If there is anything wrong with my opinion, I hope to criticize and correct it.
Sincerely
Salute!
Xu Guangyao
Beijing, December 12, 1956
My "rules" have formed the characteristics of this letter: First, all facts have a time, place, and occasion, and they can be easily verified; second, I have said things that are favorable to Ding Ling and things that are unfavorable to Ding Ling, and I have not evaded or "played tricks"; third, I have answered questions with facts and put forward opinions with the will of the party, and as for how to characterize Ding Ling, I completely left it to the organization. When it comes to tendencies, it is only "but there is a glimmer of hope" and "I ask the party to do its best to save her." The most acute is the concern that such an investigation "will not get a completely fair result".
After the letter was sent, my heart was very steady, and I did not have the slightest premonition of a catastrophe, but who knew that the "crime" was thus cast.
3. "Elated"
If I think calmly, from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the first half of 1957, the days were really good, the supply was sufficient, the prices were stable, the social order was good, all fronts were thriving, the people's living standards were greatly improved, the cadres at all levels were honest and honest, the relationship between the party and the masses was deep, and the bullies, local tyrants, bureaucrats, and gangsters in the old society were swept away, and a small gust of wind blew away the chronic diseases of the millennium -- drug addiction and prostitution, and any order of the party was obeyed from all over the world. The Korean battlefield defeated the number one imperialism armed to the teeth, and the Chinese nation raised its eyebrows one by one. Although the Polish-Hungarian incident broke out in Eastern Europe, we are stable as usual. In contrast, in the socialist camp, in the international communist movement, we are the proudest of ...... All of this is because of the wisdom and correctness of the party and the great leader Chairman Mao!
By the first half of 1957, newspapers across the country were still full of good news. Most of the state's measures have won the support of the people and conform to the will of the people. Intellectuals, every day, use their wonderful pen to vigorously praise the situation and the clear sea. Is there anything like me, a person who has been taught to care about national affairs from the moment he joined the army? No, I am very happy and relieved. If I want to keep up with the situation and make a difference, I have to bury my head deeper in my novels, my characters.
Suddenly, Chairman Mao proposed to "a hundred schools of thought contend, a hundred flowers bloom". These two sentences full of poetry and painting alone are very likable, "a hundred schools of thought contend", how beautiful, "a hundred flowers bloom", how brilliant. A cursory glance at its contents is nothing more than giving people more democracy and freedom, and making the political atmosphere and cultural environment, including creative ideas and academic atmosphere, more relaxed and more active. Seven or eight years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the cadres have become more mature, the people have become more conscious, and the party's absolute authority has been extremely consolidated. Who
- Especially intellectuals, how can they not be happy?
With the promulgation of the "double hundred" policy, the party has put forward the "rectification". The party has done its best, but it still has flaws and dark sides, which are not suitable for the ruling environment and do not conform to the interests of the people. What should we do? Call for "loud releases," criticize the party, help the party improve, and make the party more perfect. In order to dispel people's concerns, whenever a meeting is held, he advocates "speaking freely" and repeatedly propagating that "those who know everything and say everything are not guilty, and those who hear are full of caution", "do not grab braids or beat sticks", and "dare to pull the emperor off the horse if he is willing to cut his whole body". He said that Marxism-Leninism is not afraid of criticism, and that Marxism-Leninism will be useless if one group collapses, and he also paints a wonderful prospect: "It is necessary to create a political situation in which there is both centralism and democracy, discipline and freedom, unity of will, and individual happiness and liveliness." "It's so nice and so earnest, I don't know others, I like it to the bone marrow when I hear it. It's not that I don't dare to express my opinions, but I feel that in this way, the party will really make our country surpass any peaceful and prosperous era in history, and achieve unprecedented prosperity and strength. I even thought of the Soviet drama "The Front," the "reference document for rectification," which exposed the dark side of the Soviet Union itself, criticizing certain high-ranking commanders at the front for stubbornly sticking to the old ways and suppressing the new forces, resulting in heavy losses for the Red Army. At that time, the Xinhua News Agency published an article saying that when the Soviet Union was being hit hard by the German fascists, she openly staged such a scene, which was a sign of her self-confidence and strength, and she was not afraid of criticism. At present, we are facing no Hitler, and the people of the whole country are united in their efforts to the party
Isn't it greater than that of the Soviet Union at that time that the Party would launch criticism to cure the Party's ills!
One day, Hu Ke came back from a meeting outside, looking very excited. I asked what was wrong. He said that he had just listened to Chairman Mao's speech at the Supreme State Council, "Oh, that's a good point, Chairman Mao's level is high!" Hu Ke is a deputy to the National People's Congress, and he is qualified to listen to Chairman Mao's speech, and his excitement and his luck make me envious. Only a few days later, I was also notified to listen to the recording of Chairman Mao's speech. I happily ran to find that many people in the venue had their notebooks on their laps, listening and comparing them with their own records, and they had already listened to it more than once. They're looking for a better record. My hands have always been slow, and I am recording and Hunanese, and I remember it badly, and I was very angry with myself.
Chairman Mao personally went out, mobilized in person, worked hard, and did his best, and he must have thought of the passage that he replied to Huang Yanpei in Yan'an in 1945: We have found a new way, and we can jump out of the domination of the cyclical rate of "its prosperity is also *", and its demise is also sudden, and this new road is democracy. Now is the time for Chairman Mao to make a big show for this! That's why he so enthusiastically encouraged everyone to put forward more opinions so that he could mobilize the people of the whole country, carry forward democracy, and help the party put things in order. Chairman Mao is still like this, my generation, what kind of virtue and ability, in this enlightened and prosperous world, looking at the bright future, I really feel so happy!
At this time, there was a "four-person article" incident in the troops. Chen Qitong, Chen Yading, Ma Hanbing, and Lu Le jointly published an article in the "People's Daily" entitled "Our Several Opinions on the Current Literary and Artistic Work", which was immediately pointed out by Chairman Mao as going against the central government's "double hundred" policy and being anti-Marxist. Chairman Mao even said that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had four regiments to stop the "Ming Fang." Look, the leftists who oppose the "Mingfang" have been severely attacked, and have not they given double insurance to the "Mingfang" policy? What can anyone who has doubts about the "Mingfang" have to hesitate and wait and see?
In such a fiery atmosphere, the whole studio held a meeting to announce the start of the "Ming Fang". Everyone at the venue was smiling and peaceful. However, although the speeches were enthusiastic, the "firepower" was really not fierce, and most of them had little to do with their own units. Even when it comes to national affairs, there are many things that do not make sense. It was not until the "anti-rightist" campaign that some people said that the "firing and release" and "direction of attack" in the creative studio for about a week were mainly concentrated on three major themes: first, "suppressing the rebellion," second, unified purchasing and marketing, and third, opposing the Soviet Union and anti-communism. One of them refers to the fact that some people have been rectified in the "Lotus Pond Suppression" of the Ministry of Culture of the General Political Department, and they are aggrieved and complain when they "release their voices", such as Gong Liu. Second, some family members wrote from the rural areas saying that the "surplus grain sold" had been sold too much, squeezing out the peasants' food rations, and some areas had to "sell them back." Third, the new secretary Wu Zhanyi, a native of Northeast China, was very young and had worked as a secretary for Minister Chen Yi, and probably heard from the upper echelons that there had been changes in Sino-Soviet relations, so he came to "Mingfang" and said: "When the Soviet Red Army entered the Northeast in 45 years, it raped women everywhere, took the things of ordinary people everywhere, and dismantled many of our machines. In fact, these words can only be regarded as "idle articles", and no one takes them seriously.
The only one with more "firepower" is Fan Bin. Fan Bin is not an official member of the creation studio, he has been asking for food since he was a child, and he has to go to the Eighth Route Army to ask for food, and the comrades say, don't ask for food, become a soldier, the Communist Party is for the poor to turn over and seek liberation. He lost his begging stick and became a red ghost, from a hygienist to a military doctor step by step, and also improved his culture. On the way to Tibet, he was greatly moved by the hardships of countless comrades-in-arms and wrote a novella "Heroes of the Snow Mountain", which was quite popular after its publication. He continued to work hard and structured a new novella. The studio found that he was a good seedling, and in order to complete his work, he was temporarily "seconded". Like me, he is also a guy who "leads to the end with one intestine", and he has the courage to "chirp" and say: I have seen some bad cadres, eating the country's food, making trouble all day long, just like the inchworm on the jujube tree, gnawing at the people's property everywhere song by song. Some of them are even more hateful, and they simply open their mouths of blood and openly suck the people's fat and people's ointment. Speaking of these moths, I can't wait to beat them with a machine gun!
During the "anti-rightist" period, Fan Bin became the first person in the creation studio, saying that he "harbored a deep hatred" for the party, and the evidence was that "he wanted to use a machine gun to dood the Communist Party"!
As far as I was concerned, I was a complete "leftist" who not only did not say a wrong word, but also refuted two of the three major "directions of attack." From a "leftist" standpoint, it is really a "glory" for me. For example, Zhang Zhimin of our North China Military Region was so full of tears that he even searched through his letters and diaries, and finally concluded that he was fine. Isn't it good that he doesn't have to carry a "burden" that is not clear and innocent when he is fine? The connotation of what I say is: I have done the work of eliminating traitors, and I know very well that there are "problems" in the files of some "suspects" that have not been clear for a long time, and I may not be aware of them at all, but in the eyes of those who know the truth, their "burden" is extremely heavy. The poet Zhang Zhiminzhi was arrested because of two accusations by the Ministry of Public Security: First, when Hu Feng was arrested, he "probed his brain" at the door, and second, he copied a letter from Hu Feng's home. If he hadn't been "rectified" and wanted to get a clean file, it would have been impossible, not to mention that the whistleblower was the Ministry of Public Security.
As for the "attack on unified purchase and sales", the biggest refutation of the "authority" of the creative studio is me. I have just personally run the agricultural cooperative for three years. In the past three years, according to the party's documents, we have indeed found many signs of "new rich peasants," that is, most of these "capitalist spontaneous forces" are still nostalgic for new democracy and unwilling and dissatisfied with agricultural cooperatives, and thus have become stumbling blocks to cooperativeization. The reason why the party launched the campaign of "selling surplus grain" (i.e., unified purchase and sales) was to deal a heavy blow to the "new rich peasants" and cut off their way of using grain to "speculate" and exploit others. I even pulled my father to say that after the liberation, he had forgotten the sufferings of the old days and was following the line of the "old rich peasant" to make a fortune. If he had not cut off his "line," how could he have taken the bright road of socialism in a proper manner?
For this reason, when the Anti-Rightist Movement was suppressed with a thunderous force, a comrade in the creation room pointed at me and said, "Xu Guangyao, you kid is making trouble again this time!" When I heard that, I really felt that I had withstood another severe test.
Everyone was almost "elated", and at the meeting that announced the end of the "Mingfang", Director Yu Jiantu added another task to everyone, he said: "The 'Mingfang' is over, but everyone still has to hand in a "Mingfang" article, and express the opinions you have already said or have not finished speaking, and then express them in words. This is not a request, but a dead order. You're all writers, and you're looking for a topic. I couldn't wait to say, "How can I write?" Everyone has seen it, and I have no opinion at all...... Before I finished speaking, Yu Jian hurriedly waved his hand and shook his head: "No matter what! Didn't you say, a dead order, whether you have an opinion or not, you must submit an article, and everyone is the same." "To be honest, this is the first time I've heard a "death order" since I joined the army. Well, the military takes obedience to orders as their duty, and go figure it out for yourself.
After racking his brains at home for two days, from the "four-person article" of Chen, Chen, Ma, and Lu, I suddenly thought of Minister Chen Yi. Chen's leadership has always felt a bit paternalistic, and the literary and artistic dogmatism that emerges from time to time in society has also led to the formulaic conceptualization of some works. All these "public hazards" are in danger of separating literature and art from the masses...... In this way, my mind grew up step by step, one by one, and finally the article was put together, the title was "The Sea is Wide and the Fish Leaps", and the subtitle is "I Offer My Some Views to the Literary and Artistic Leaders of the Army". In order to squeeze time for writing a long story, I hurriedly copied it and sent it out.
A few days later, on 8 June, the "People's Daily" published an editorial entitled "Why is this?" and sounded the "anti-rightist" war drum.
If I had been a little more sophisticated, I might have been able to avoid this misstep. Because there are signs that are enough to be alarming. It was Hou Jinjing who came to Da'er Hutong again, and when talking about the internal situation of "Literature and Art Daily", he said with mixed feelings: "This time, Tang Yin, Tang Dacheng, and Hou Minze are afraid that they will suffer." They said a lot of 'out of bounds' words, and the momentum is still very strong. If you go on like this, you'll be in trouble. I couldn't help but get anxious and asked him, "Why don't you give them a look?" Hou said, "No, as soon as you say it, they will expose you at the meeting and say that you have sabotaged the 'Ming Fang'." Then he said that he also wanted to talk about it, but Zhang Guangnian refused to let it, so at this point, Hou tucked his fist behind his waist and said, "Zhang Guangnian wants to keep my 'fist', and it will be easy to use when the time comes." Hate only hated that I was too confident and stupid at that time, and I didn't even pay attention to such an obvious alarm bell of "leading the snake out of the hole".
But afterwards, I often think that Yu Thorn has always been more cautious and has the style of a Shandong man. Although we have no deep friendship, and we have absolutely no selfish grudges, where did he find the trick of "death order"? If it is a "prank", Yu Jian does not seem to be this kind of person; if it is said that it is deliberately designed by the branch, and at the same time Wei Wei and Hu Ke were also fooled, and they both have "Mingfang" articles to shoot. It wasn't until 1977 that I suddenly realized what was going on in the book "Five Volumes". It turned out that the great leaders at that time, with their eyes full of eyes and insight into everything, could not be satisfied with such a deserted "singing" as the creation studio. "Now the offensive of the right has not yet reached its peak, and they are in high spirits," he said. ...... We also want to let them run rampant for a period and let them go to the top. The more rampant they are, the better it is for us. "Good one" lures the enemy deeper, gathers and annihilates. (Vol. 5, p. 425), I see, the "death order" is a tactical invention under the whole strategic deployment, where do you flee?
Fourth, the interlude
I suddenly remembered a thing that had something to do with "Mingfang", which could "take care" of each other and leave a "mystery" in the end, so I don't have to remember it as follows:
At about the end of the "Mingfang" in the creative room, Yu Jian informed me and one or two other comrades that they should go to the General Political Compound of Zhantan Temple to attend a meeting to give advice to Minister Chen Yi; he also said that this meeting was jointly convened by the Ministry of Culture and the Propaganda Department for the purpose of rectifying the situation, and Minister Chen also hoped to hear the opinions of all quarters. This made me a little excited: the opportunity to criticize the minister in person was not something that was readily available, and besides, he was always thought to be blunt in his speech, arbitrary, and "leftist" in his literary and artistic views, and many people in the studio were a little afraid of him, and it was always a good thing to tell him these things. Of course, I also know that he is an old revolutionary, and he has a lot of credit, and the only major general in the literary and artistic circles picked me to "brush the tiger's beard", which is not fun. But I was ready to speak.
The meeting room was set up in a medium conference room, and there were about fifty or sixty people, all of whom were military officers, most of whom I did not know. Presiding over the meeting were leaders of the Propaganda Department of the General Political Department. Different from the general "chirp", the atmosphere is quite serious. The meeting was scheduled to start at half past eight, and everyone arrived early, and the time had passed, and Chen Yi was not seen. The host sent someone to urge him, and he frequently looked at his watch. The urging man came back and said that there was still something to be done, and that he had to wait a little longer. The moderator impatiently announced, "Wait five more minutes." Five minutes passed, and there was still no arrival. Someone proposed: "Let's open, let's open, and wait for him." So one of the chiefs pointed at me and said, "Xu Guangyao, I heard that you have some opinions, so let's talk about them first." But I stood up and shook my head and said, "No, I'm going to wait for Minister Chen to come and talk in person." This sentence actually caused a burst of laughter. But as soon as I sat down, Chen Yi strode in and said "I'm sorry" again and again.
The host pointed to me again: "Minister Chen is here, you can talk about it." ”
It's a pity that during the "Cultural Revolution", I endured the pain of tearing my heart and destroyed the diary, otherwise, I would have restated my opinions in a rough way. Now my memory is declining, and I can't remember what I said. But this can also prove that my words are all "trivial", and there is no "nature" that can be used, otherwise, I will always remember one or two points. But there is a detail that still remains in my impression, that is, I talked about a fact, and just halfway through it, Chen Yi suddenly interjected and said: "This is not the case, it is ......" I also immediately interjected him, saying: "Minister Chen, please let me finish speaking." I was wrong, you have time to refute. Then, he finished his words in one breath, and did not encounter any more obstacles.
A few years later, I wondered where I had come from to be so "bold" and "rampant" to such an extent, wasn't it just a brazen attack on the party? Interestingly, shortly thereafter, Chen Yi and I were beaten as "rightists." It is rumored that a large cartoon was pasted on Dou Chen's venue: Chen Yi, whose face was full of green, was holding Ma Hanbing's corpse as a throwing gun and viciously attacking the party! However, my "attack" on Chen Yi this time was neither guilty of "attacking the party" nor giving a commendation for "counterattacking the rightists." The small meeting of the congress did not mention it at all, and quietly "offended the merits and demerits."
Four or five days later, I received a very strange letter. The envelope was marked with "Karamay No. 495 Exploration Team" and was postmarked with three dates, "523", "524", and "525", all of which were stamped from Beijing. The 8-cent stamp depicts the Red Army's Long March "crossing the snow-capped mountains". "Karamay" was becoming famous at that time, because it was said that a large oil field had been discovered. But I have no contact with Karamay, so who will write to me?
When I opened it, it was half a page of vertical red grid manuscript paper, the handwriting was beautiful and fluent, and the letter was very short, so I copied it as follows:
Brother Xu:
Occasionally reading high school Chinese textbooks, see Cao Zhi's "Noda Yellow Sparrow Xing", I feel that the ancient style is still precious, and I copy and send it for appreciation.
The tall trees are sad and windy, and the sea is rippling. If the sword is not in the palm of his hand, why should he make more friends? If you don't see the finch in the hedge, you see the harrier throwing itself into Luo? The Luo family is happy, and the young man is sad when he sees the sparrow. Draw your sword and cut the net, and the yellow finch will fly. Fly to the sky, come down to thank the young man.
send
Salute!
Friends sent it from afar
(The annotations in the text are particularly flavorful, so I won't go into duplication)
My level of education is very low, I read it, I don't understand. After being stunned for a long time, I thought that there was a set of high school Chinese textbooks on the shelf, and I looked for Cao Zhi's poem to read the annotation, saying that this poem was a warning to "praying mantis catching cicadas, and yellow finches are behind", and then I suddenly felt that it might be a warning. However, I am not sure that I did not "catch cicadas", the only thing I wanted to catch was a long story. I don't have any oil or water on me, so how can I attract "yellow finches behind"? Although I gave Minister Chen advice, it was at the meeting, and I said it to my face, and I had no intention of sneaking up behind my back to attack anyone. What's going on?
In the afternoon, the studio was still holding a meeting to "play out", and I brought the letter to the meeting to circulate to everyone. Some people shook their heads and smiled, some said that it was an anonymous letter, it was a joke, some said that the letter writer was afraid of a dark psychology, and the most vehement statement was, "This is a sabotage campaign, and it should be investigated!" ...... When the official meeting was announced, I put it in my pocket and kept it to this day.
More than 40 years have passed, and when I look at this letter today, I suddenly realize that the writer of the letter is really a wise man, and in those years when he was able to show great compassion and compassion in those years when he had collected four sheets and fished for bait, he was able to show his great compassion and give me a hint of what kind of ancient way to save people and help the world! Unfortunately, where else to find this benefactor? Is he still alive in the world? Does he still remember this incident? God is pitiful, although it is difficult to find a believer, the letter has become one of my most treasured cultural relics, and if I regard it as a resistance to the "yang scheme" The value is even higher.
V. "The Vast Sea of the People's War"
"The vast sea of the people's war" is a phrase that has been widely used in newspapers and periodicals of all sizes since the rise of the Anti-Rightist Movement. What it describes is that all kinds of "rightists" have fallen into the "sea" and are being "annihilated" by the "people." The depth, breadth, and boiling of this "sea" are "unprecedented". In the past, the commonly used "fish in the net, the bird has entered the cage", which is definitely not enough. Once you enter the "sea", even if you grab the ground with your head and beg for mercy, it will be useless, you will be swept away, your dignity will be stripped away, your personality will be humiliated, and you will be scolded for being a bloody dog. As a matter of fact, if we cross this "sea" and do not need to be reformed through labor, it is enough to make people "reborn."
Later, however, some people commented on the entire "movement" in the creation room, saying that the "Mingfang" stage was basically deserted, and the "anti-rightist" stage was not too "hot." Meaning, measured in the big picture, it is not "typical". Now that I think about it, it makes sense. If compared to outside the military, it may really be very civilized. After taking the June 8 editorial that beat the "anti-rightist" gongs and drums, he said that the creation studio had even arranged for people to spend a "creative vacation," so that a few of us—Shi Chao, Zhou Jiefu, Liu Qihui, Li Bai and his wife, Xu Kong, and me—went to the Beidaihe waterfront in a leisurely manner, wrote things down easily, and swam in a big way. The "anti-rightists" who are already surging in the storm seem to have nothing to do with us. However, one day in front of the newspaper reading column, he suddenly heard Zhou Jiefu say "oops" and said in surprise: "Why, Liu Binyan has also become a rightist? If he wants to become a rightist, we must all be rightists!" I immediately went up to take a look, and sure enough, Liu Binyan had already been "named" in the newspaper, and he was classified with Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, and others.
Zhou Jiefu has always been taciturn and introverted, I don't know him very well, and I don't know what his relationship with Liu Binyan is. But his exclamation also shook my heart: What do you mean by "we all have to be rightists"? Rightists: "Is it okay with us?"
However, on the same day, we received a long-distance phone call from the creation office, telling us to rush back to the unit immediately to participate in the counterattack against the "rightists." In addition to regretting that swimming is not yet enjoyable, I am glad that the novel happened to be completed. Early the next morning, a few people rode their bicycles to the station, and on the way, I suddenly fell from the back frame and threw it on the ground. I felt a shock in my heart that this was a bad omen.
The first meeting of the studio gave the impression of being quite peaceful. In his speech, Director Yu Jian mainly asked everyone to put aside the work at hand, actively and courageously plunge into the struggle against the "anti-rightists," expose what should be exposed, and report what should be reported; if they say "out of bounds" and "out of the circle" in the "Ming Fang," they should conduct a review and "unload their burdens" as soon as possible. Whoever has any connection with the "rightists" in society must be explained as soon as possible and draw a clear line.
The atmosphere was not tense, but it began.
Fan Bin, who "wants to use a machine gun to toot the Communist Party", naturally bore the brunt. Pity this little begging for food, probably in the old society, he has never been scolded by more than 30 people. "Inchworms," "bloody mouths," "sucking people's ointment," and holding guns to "toot the party" were regarded as "out of bounds" at the beginning, but after three batches and two batches, they soon all turned into "bitter hatred for the party" and "frantically attacking the party"! It stands to reason that everyone knows in their hearts that what Fan Bin wants to "doo" is not the Communist Party, but the bad cadres. Somehow, when this commonly used concept of "individual" and "general" was replaced, the bad cadres became the "Communist Party." Most of the people present at the meeting had been trained in the war for many years, and their principles were so strong that no one (including me) felt that there was anything wrong with this. The tragedy "went well" and repeated repeatedly. In this situation, the simple and wooden Fan Bin had nothing to say, so he could only admit his guilt and bow his head, and he was "ripe" in a few days. In the end, he was expelled from both the party and the military, put on the hat of "rightist," and sent to the Yunnan leprosy hospital for "reform." The critical article published in "People's Liberation Army Literature and Art" is entitled "Anti-Party Rebel - Fan Bin".
When he was in Dou Fan Bin, the creation studio sent a printed document in the blank, and each person had a copy. The title is emotionless: "Several Poems Written by Gong Liu after the "Suppression", two "Nostalgia", four allegorical poems, and two new poems, which were published in "New Observation", "Wen Wei Po", "Poetry Magazine", etc., only the last long poem, somehow, is annotated with the day and month of writing, but there is no place to publish. The documents are clean and not a word of instruction.
In "Mingfang", Gong Liu expressed his dissatisfaction with the "suppression of rebellion", but his opinions were muttering, and he couldn't say how many things were "on the platform", but these eight poems "detained" him. I have never understood poetry, and these eight poems of Brother Gong Liu, I appreciate them for the first time, and I read them most seriously. But at the time, I still didn't understand it, I just thought it was fun. Let's copy a poem "The Philosophy of the Hedgehog", and everyone will enjoy it:
Winter is coming, and there are snowflakes everywhere;
Two hedgehog philosophers,
In search of food,
Trembling and crawling in the field.
They meet by chance on the road,
Bow to one another like gentlemen,
I asked each other about the health of my wife and son,
Then cursed the weather for a while.
The abominable north wind blows harder and harder,
Both philosophers felt cold;
Don't get closer, beckoning the wind on all sides,
It's really stinging when you get closer.
So they came up with a clever idea:
Keep both sides at a distance,
Don't be too distant,
It should not be overly intimate.
But oh my God, how can you keep warm like this?
If everyone is only concerned with himself, huddle into a ball!
Throw away this hedgehog philosophy,
It should be exchanged for a sincere heart......
The intention of this poem is not obscure, and the last stanza has already been shouted. However, according to the Xi of picking fault with Fan Bin when he was fighting, according to my analysis, there are indeed "anti-party" elements: If comrades lean on each other, will they "sting"? If this phenomenon exists, it is also an isolated one. The party has never advocated that people "should keep a certain distance" from each other! If we have to say this, it is slander! Thinking about this, we naturally rose up courageously and actively participated in the condemnation of Gong Liu. The problem with mortals like me is that they remember clearly what they are scolding, and most of them don't remember what they scold. Fortunately, Gong Liu is still alive, I have scolded him for something, and he has every right to expose it at any time - writing this, I suddenly felt a problem: I scolded Gong Liu, poured a lot of "slanderous and untrue" sewage, and apologized of course. However, since this has been delayed, I have not said a word of apology to Gong Liu, nor have I had the slightest intention of asking others to apologize, and everyone has admitted it! The whole person and the whole person have been recognized! It seems that such a thing has never happened in the world at all! Today, if anyone says something hurtful, he will file a lawsuit, and if he apologizes, he will have to pay compensation. However, there are hundreds of thousands or millions of "rightists," and so far none of them have ever asked for an "apology." Even if the "internal control is used", no one is a person, a ghost is not a ghost, or even a family is ruined, and "the tail is painted" for more than 20 years, and so on, except for a piece of paper "correction" and an "expansion", everything will be fine. Tolerance is certainly a virtue, but it is all about blindly tolerating, always admitting it, and just admitting it, and if Chen Chen Xiang continues, will he come up with some kind of "Cultural Revolution"?
Brother Liu is good at thinking and arguing, I wonder what he thinks?
Gong Liu's poems in the creation room are more famous, and his cultural quality is higher, "the more knowledge, the more reactionary", and the fight naturally warms up and increases, which is particularly energetic. The time spent was also greatly exceeded that of Fan Bin. In the "back-to-back" meetings, the branch was arranged several times to be "warmed". As the struggle deepened, more and more "rightists" were "named" in the newspapers. Suddenly, a "reactionary" poet came to Sichuan, shouting the loudest and most fiercely criticizing his "Grass and Trees", saying that it was a big poisonous weed that viciously attacked the party. The creation room went smoothly, and ranked Gong Liu's allegorical poems and "Plants and Trees" and called them "Birds and Beasts". In this way, "the confrontation between the two peaks and the flow of the two waters" will have "the same magic" in the anti-party! Even if Gongliu is full of mouths, he can't tell clearly.
The "people's war" became more and more intense, and the flames of anti-rightist movement in the localities soon spread to the troops. One day, the party members and cadres of the creation room were ordered to attend the "enlarged meeting of the party group" of the National Writers Association. I was so shut up that I didn't even know what this "enlarged meeting" was all about. It wasn't until the truck drove to the door of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles Building on Wangfu Street that someone said, "Ding Ling is here!" I hurriedly asked, "Where?" Someone said, "That's not!" Sure enough, Chen Ming staggered over on foot with Ding Ling, who was wearing sunglasses. I hurriedly jumped out of the carriage, ran over and stretched out my hand to Ding Ling, and said, "Hello!" Ding Ling kept her face calm and did not say anything, nor did she stretch out her hand, while Chen Ming's eyes were filled with trepidation and suspicion. I felt that something was wrong, so I hurriedly turned over and ran back to the team in the studio, and entered the building together.
Sixth, the big stage outside the military
The original building of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles at No. 64 Wangfu Street has now been returned to the Chung Hwa Book Company and the Commercial Press, which is a pity. This place qualifies as a memorial. In the late '50s, especially in the "anti-rightist" movement, it was an interesting storm center. I believe that most of the people who have come and gone from there in the literary and artistic world will have a hard time forgetting it for the rest of their lives.
The venue of the "enlarged meeting of the party group" is located in the columned hall on the second floor, and there are some tables and chairs arranged irregularly, and it is impossible to say which is the rostrum, but there are two "desks" against the east wall, where several hosts often gather. In terms of style, it's a bit of a loose and free folk interest. The most active among the hosts are naturally Liu Baiyu, who Zhou Yang pointed out as having "great merit", as well as Shao Quanlin, poet Guo Xiaochuan and so on. I don't know why, Zhou Yang was sitting in a corner, it wasn't for him who interjected by accident later, I thought he wasn't there. Ding Ling and Chen Ming shared a "desk", and Chen Qixia sat in another place. Only a few people with extremely bitter faces and low eyebrows, such as Feng Xuefeng, Ai Qing, etc., were inserted in the corners. Most of the other attendees were leading figures and celebrities in the literary and artistic circles, scattered in the "pool seat". Before the meeting was announced, the hall was filled with only the sound of "click" footsteps hitting the ground, and there were "whispers" like hushing when talking, and the whole breath seemed to be held up.
I am definitely not an "authority" to describe this storm, nor am I a suitable person, at best I am a semi-bound "little carrot head". Because the "insider" is unknown, and after 42 years, I can only briefly describe some "superficial phenomena" from a personal point of view. If you see the whole picture, you can only rely on the real authorities.
At the beginning of the meeting, neither Zhou Yang nor the chairmen spoke, which is not surprising, the "enlarged meeting" has been held many times, and we were "expanded" again, inserted halfway, and it is natural that we did not see the opening scene. Today, the writer who took the lead in speaking was a writer from the Tianjin Writers' Association, who was in the prime of life, tall in stature, and extremely eloquent, and his loud voice and gestures strengthened the sensational effect of his exposing problems. He said: The anti-rightist faction in Tianjin's literary and artistic circles has made breakthrough progress, and Liu Xi, who has a close relationship with Chen Qixia, has bowed his head and confessed his guilt and exposed a "shocking" and "big anti-party conspiracy plan"! Then, he first went through Chen Qixia's "forged letters," organized the "reversal of the case," "lit fires everywhere, and attacked the party," and so on, and then lifted the lid on this "big anti-party conspiracy plan" and said: Ding Ling plans to "openly withdraw from the writers' association" at the upcoming meeting of the Literary Congress! This is a vicious conspiracy to "split the literary and artistic circles of the whole country" that makes people "chill and creep all over." In the end, Fang Ji took out another copy of "The Revision of the Second Main Words of the Southern Tang Dynasty" and threw it on the table, saying that it was the physical evidence of the secret code of communication between Chen and Liu.
I was stunned, I was demented, my head was banging, but not to the point where my soul was flying out of the sky. After a pause, after the novelty and tremor diminished and subsided, I suddenly became sensitive, and in the process of enumerating the facts, the number of people involved in this writer was most shocking. I vaguely remember the "named" are: Ai Qing, Feng Xuefeng, Li Youran, Nie Yunxuan, Hu Kao, Tang Dacheng, Zhong Xian*#, Sun Yuchun, Pu Xixiu, Mei Duo, Yao Fangzao...... It was also mentioned that Chen Qixia had more than 200 students, and so on. As for Ding Ling and Chen Ming, they are the main culprits in the case, which goes without saying. The deterrent effect of this speech is really extraordinary, especially when it comes to the great conspiracy to "split the literary and artistic circles", the boundaries are drawn, and "things gather by like, and people are divided by groups", don't these people all go together?
The "anti-rightist" movement has progressed to the current stage, and "naming names" has become a means of "inviting the king into the urn," or even proof of the "crime." The writer's speech obviously raised the "heat" of the meeting to a higher level, and as he himself said, it was "breakthrough".
Ding Ling, who had to attend every meeting, sat with Chen Ming from beginning to end, listening to all kinds of criticism, insults, practices and humiliations against her. Her pain, her forbearance, her lack of access to the ground, I can't write it with my bald pen. Once upon a time, she was also the most representative writer of the Communist Party of China from Yan'an, the leading backbone of the "Left League" period, the director of the Literature and Art Division of the Central Propaganda Department, the vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, the director of the Central Institute of Literature, the former editor-in-chief of "Literature and Art Daily" and "People's Literature", and the winner of the Stalin Prize. In the blink of an eye, he became an "anti-party conspirator", "careerist", and "extremely despicable individualist", and was denounced as "Reservoir Dog", "Yang Yinyu", "Sha Fei", and even "Sister Feng" and "Traitor...... It has only been seven or eight years since the founding of New China, and the "class struggle" in its own camp has been fought like this!
In order to thoroughly "criticize Ding and Chen thoroughly and criticize them thoroughly," the meeting also invited a group of democratic personages and well-known writers from outside the party to criticize and insult these people on a wider scale by using their prestige, prestige, influence, and ability. At that time, some people said that the Chinese literati had a problem since ancient times, and when they encountered the adversity of "the black hand hanging the whip of the hegemon", they could easily fall into the stream of unliterate, so that there was a split personality, a coma, and a state of confusion in reason and conscience. Especially in places where "intellectuals are piled up", the whole people are also rectified, and the whole people are also rectified, everyone slanders each other, bites each other, and has no choice but to do so, and even cheats each other and buries each other. The writer Tang Yu put it well: "The whole country is like a Roman arena in the Middle Ages, where slaves slaughter slaves for the pleasure of their slave owners, and slaves kill slaves in order to survive for themselves." "It's hard to say, but that's exactly what happened. Of course, there are differences in motives: some are for self-preservation, some are for "meritorious service and self-redemption," some are for proving their innocence, and some are ordered to "fight the charge" and force themselves to be active. But from the vast majority, there is only one, that is, frightened, frightened!
But there is one person who is different, and that is Lao She. Mr. Lao She's speech is the most personal, and he still maintains his humorous, cold, and straightforward style. Listening to the content, it is called Pi Ding and Chen, but in fact, there are quite a lot of off-string sounds. He said: "I knew that some people did not respect me very much, saying that I was the vice chairman of the association, and they were exalting me too high. I said, not high. Then, he said a few things about saving writers and helping writers from the Kuomintang in Chongqing. Then he asked himself: "I am not here to show my merits, but what is more important is that after liberation, have I ever used these as capital and strived to be the vice chairman of the association? No, I have united writers in Chongqing, and I am qualified to be the vice chairman of the association." I'm not someone to climb up. I will not brag to the chiefs about being my vice-chairman. As mentioned below, the foreign guests had dinner at his house, and he gave small gifts to the foreign guests, but he did not ask the writers' association for money. The organization invited him to go to Beidaihe and the Summer Palace for vacation, but he didn't go, "I have my own small courtyard, why should I go to the Summer Palace to squeeze out other people's opportunities?" He said that the general affairs section of the writers' association said that he was "the most trouble-free vice chairman". He appealed, "Our country is not rich, we should tighten our belts and engage in construction." ”
He also talked about respecting folk artists, helping the development of drama and opera, and attaching importance to Hou Baolin. In the end, it came down to "unity", so that "everyone can not be suspicious, not false, not narrow-minded," "everyone tells the truth, and does not murmur behind their backs." ”
His words were not earth-shattering, they were indeed out of place, and I don't remember any applause, but everyone listened to them very refreshingly. Lao She is Lao She after all, and if he talks like this at such a meeting, it is no wonder that he later jumped into Taiping Lake. However, if you "touch" his words in detail, there are also suspicious points, and some of his words are quite related to the party's "secrets." At the meeting, Feng Xuefeng and others were often criticized for "leaking secrets" outside the party, so who had "leaked" them to Lao She? But at that time, no one could have thought of investigating them, and this made people feel even more intriguing.
7. "Trivia" (1)
After all, the big stage of life is colorful. "Tidbits" that make people smile in a depressing and tense atmosphere have also appeared. The first thing I want to say is Ai Qing. Although Ai Qing sat in the "defendant" seat like Ding and Chen very early, his attitude has always been very leisurely, and he seems to have transcended the red dust. Whenever he heard amusing or funny words, he never hid or controlled his smile. For this reason, people often scold him for being "dishonest" and "not serious". But he still laughed. Once, the host took him under the knife, selected a "self-examination" draft from him, and read it to everyone, one of which said: "I was giving birth to a baby at that time...... which caused an explosive uproar. The host said angrily: "This so-called 'inspection' was obviously written by his wife, and he didn't read it, so he handed it in as it was." What is the attitude towards the party?" Naturally, everyone was angry and shouted in protest. But you look at Ai Qing, her face is full of spirit, and she still has a smile on her face, which means to say, "What's all the fuss about?" A poet once said that the real laughter is "Qiong Yao who has passed through hell", and that's probably it.
The second thing was purely an accident, I don't know how many times it was at the meeting, and the criticism was at its climax. The layout of the venue was also innovative that day: the tables were arranged in a large circle, and people were also seated inside and outside, sitting on the inner floor with their faces facing outwards and sitting on the outer floor with their faces facing inward. Whoever speaks will stand in the center of the circle, and can freely turn around the circle and choose the "audience" to communicate. The matter is with my grandmother Lu Fei of the United Nations University. As soon as she spoke, she turned around and turned to me, who was sitting on the outer floor, and suddenly said: "Some people also viciously attack the comrades who expose the problem, for example, this seems to be said by Xu Guangyao, saying that Comrade Kang Hao is a 'soup jacket' ......" As soon as this sentence landed, Kang Hao, who was sitting opposite me, jumped up, raised his fist, and shouted slogans: "I protest! I protest! This is the greatest insult to me...... His face was swollen with purple and his eyes were split, and he glared at me fiercely, and when he saw that I was glaring at him, he turned around and hissed and shouted, "I protest! Everyone was stunned by the incident of this strange peak, as if they were watching, and like a flock of stupid birds that had become anesthetized with their beaks and claws, quietly and unresponsive. Kang Hao had no choice but to gasp and sit down again. As soon as it was cold on the field, Lu Fei continued to speak, and the atmosphere gradually calmed down.
I had no intention of listening to Lu Fei's speech anymore, and while observing Kang Hao, I thought, "What the hell is wrong? Why are you so angry?" Kang Hao is the deputy secretary general of the Institute of Arts and Research, and I met him when I entered the Xi Institute, and he is a very good and self-motivated person. Guo Moruo once said that his short stories are better than Ding Ling's. About a year ago, I heard that he was an "uprising general", and as for what "righteousness" he had, I didn't even inquire about it. It wasn't until Lu Fei went down and another new person spoke, and everyone stopped paying attention to the two of us, that I quietly asked Hu Ke, who was sitting side by side, "What is 'Kang Mounting'?"
Hu Ke's eyes widened when he heard this, and he asked, "Did you say this?"
"I don't understand, how could it be that I said it!"
Hu Ke told me to write a note to the chairman immediately, stating that I didn't say it. I still don't care, saying that I forgot to bring a pen and paper, anyway, it has nothing to do with me, let's talk about it slowly. Hu Ke took out his notebook, tore off a page, and gave me a pen, urging me to write this note immediately: Chairman:
What Comrade Lu Fei just said was not something I said. Please investigate.
Xu Guangyao
handed the strip to Liu Baiyu, returned to his seat and asked Hu Ke again: "What is 'Kang Mounting'?" Hu Ke was quite irritable, and only whispered: "Let's talk about it when we go home." ”
When I got home, I chased after Hu Ke and asked, and he said: "Haven't you watched the Peking Opera "A Handful of Snow", there is a Tang Le there, who can frame paintings, and is called 'Tang Mounting'......" I thought about it for a while, and then I suddenly seemed to have an understanding, it turned out that I heard "Kang Mounting" wrongly......
Even so, Kang Hao is so excited, it seems that there is no need. It is inevitable that everyone will not act properly. In the future, Sun Li said that he sometimes had a place where he "advanced and retreated", and he was still a very good person, and his words were very fair.
There was another "foreign appearance", which also came out of me. As if out of love, the branch persuaded me: "Xu Guangyao, you are a student of Ding Ling and Chen Qixia, you should have a clearer attitude towards this struggle, which is good for you." Would you like to think that you could make a statement at the General Assembly?" Although the words are polite, the thorn is hard, do I dare to say "no"? So he instructed me to write out the draft of the speech and hand it over to the chairman of the conference first. I said, "Okay."
This is quite a difficult problem: First, I do not have the facts of Ding and Chen's crimes in my hands, so how can I win a "ranking" in such a dramatic "speech contest"? Second, in my reply to the party group of the Writers' Association, I have solemnly "ashamed" myself and admit that my speech at the 1955 party congress of the Central Propaganda Department was "not serious enough." This time, do you and eat by yourself, and then "don't take it seriously"?......
However, it is absolutely not okay not to speak. After holding back for nearly a night, I copied some of the "facts" in the letter to the party group of the Writers' Association that were not favorable to Ding Ling, and focused on "criticism". The manuscript was written, and as soon as it entered the venue the next day, it was presented to Chairman Liu Baiyu.
The conference was held for another half a day, and when I was leaving, someone stabbed me behind my back, saying that Liu Baiyu called you. Turning around, at the big column, there was Liu Baiyu waiting. His face, which had been very fair, was now even whiter, the corners of his mouth were closed, and a pair of eyes stared straight at me as he walked up to him, and with a sudden flick of his right hand, my speech floated to his chest. I hurriedly reached out and grabbed it until I heard clearly, "You're still 'pleading'!" By the time he had said this, he had turned his back and walked behind the column.
I began to reread the text of the speech, and realized that the "error" was in the last sentence. The words were addressed to Ding Ling: "In the name of your student, I call on you to change your past mistakes and strive to return to the embrace of the party." At the beginning, I had a slight premonition, and when I wrote the word "appeal," I muttered in my heart whether it was too soft? But when I thought about it again, I hoped that she would "return to the embrace of the party" and that if she did not "appeal," it would inevitably be impossible to force her? Not to mention that I am an insignificant student and a junior generation, who cares about the softness and hardness of my words? How do I know that this ambiguity will not only fail to pass the manuscript, but I am afraid that my fate will be decided, and it may not be said.
However, there is also the advantage that no one has spoken to me since then, and I am not from repeating the mistake of "not being serious".
The last "tidbit" I experienced was not very easy, but constituted a big wave at the meeting, and it was also the second "roll call" for me. Chen Qixia failed to "resist to the end", and was finally "broken through" and made a "frank confession". His "frank confession" is, as some people have said, a sign of the "complete collapse" of the "Ding Chen clique." As soon as he opened his mouth, he said that he wanted to die, and he had already bought liquor and poison and prepared a suicide note. Because he expected that after Liu Xi's speech, he would be tied to the stage and scolded by everyone. However, he was not tied up, so he was moved and determined to disarm completely.
The first thing he confessed, "more terrible than what Liu Xi talked about," was that he had lived in confinement with a woman for ten years, and the two had written three anonymous letters to complain to the Party Central Committee. He handed over a key on the spot, saying that it was on the door of the "secret room" that he and the woman were in. Next, talk about how he refused to accept the punishment and how he conspired with Ding Ling to overturn the case...... Later, he exposed Feng Xuefeng, saying that Feng's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art" had the same views as Hu Feng, and that Zhdanov in the Soviet Union was a learned and great dogmatism, and that it was the most difficult to oppose it...... Wait a minute. He spoke passionately, bluntly, and sounded very "enjoyable", and I listened to it like a fool.
There is also a passage about me, which goes like this: "Xu Guangyao has always regarded me as a teacher of good morals. I want someone to say to Xu: You quietly give Chen Qixia three or four hundred yuan, but don't let Chen Qixia know who sent it. used Xu Guangyao's money more than once, and asked Li Xinghua to ask Xu for money, and Xu sent 200 yuan. Comrades can add the worst words to me about these things. Indeed, he was very naked, and he stripped himself naked.
used my money, and also planned in advance "don't let Chen Qixia know who sent it", which made me, a person with no heart, feel very sad at first glance. As for the two sums of money (one of which was 300 yuan, and he said that it was 200, but he misremembered), with Chen Qixia's arrogance and self-esteem, she was able to say such things as "comrades can add the worst words to me", and it is very clear from the facts. However, the whole meeting hall was already in an uproar, and some people could not hide their joy, and the enemy had broken through, and they were ready to report and celebrate the victory on the other.
In short, in the building of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles on Wangfu Street, the "enlarged meeting of the party group" is full of "results". I had the privilege of witnessing the criticism of Ding Ling, Chen Qixia, Ai Qing, and Feng Xuefeng, and they all soon became the protagonists of the big news - published in the newspaper. It's a pity that in the future, I didn't know how to catch Shu Qun, Luo Feng, Bai Lang and other cadres again, because I had fallen into the "sea" and was disqualified from participating in the conference. I am afraid it is even more difficult to say how big this "rightist clique" has been tempered by more than a dozen meetings. In the speech of the writer in Tianjin, such as Li Youran, Hu Kao, Nie Xuanxuan, Zhong Xian*#, Tang Dacheng, or even Mei Duo, Yao Fangzao, and later Gongmu, are they considered to be part of the gang? Gu Ligao once said in our Da'er Hutong: Under Ding, Chen, Feng, and Ai, there are also "Eight King Kongs" and "Twelve Disciples." When the creative studio criticized me and Li Bai, he said that there was a "100 singles and 8 generals" in the Department of Literature of the United Nations University, and solemnly ordered Li Bai to make a clear list of the "100 singles and 8 generals" and submit it. If, as the writer in Tianjin said, "Chen Qixia has more than 200 students," then this number must be doubled. In addition, the Institute of Culture and Research has already run two classes, and how many people belong to Ding Ling's "disciples"? If we add the relatives and friends of Feng, Ai, and others, as well as those who have never passed by, it will become more and more innumerable. It can be seen that the saying of "vast ocean" is no exaggeration, and the "people's war" is very well fought.
Recently, I read an article by Radar, saying that he had been to No. 64 Wangfu Street not long ago, and in the hall on the second floor, he suddenly heard a "coo-dong" sound, and he couldn't help but feel creepy. This is the sound of the dramatist Tian Han being forced by the "Red Guards" to be helpless during the "Cultural Revolution" and suddenly kneeling here. Radar thought it was one of the tragedies he had ever seen in his life. In fact, there are many such tragic events, all of which are just a postponement of the "enlarged meeting of the party group" in 1957. The difference is that the "movement" later became more spectacular, lively, and tragic, because it was no longer just "a pile of intellectuals" but also mixed with "Red Guards" and "rebels". Therefore, Radar also said that this place does have the qualifications to become a memorial.
(Editor-in-charge: Xu Kong)
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