introduction
Endothelial cells are cells within the walls of blood vessels, and their health is critical to the function of the cardiovascular system. Understanding how negative emotions affect cardiovascular health can provide new perspectives on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
2024年5月7日，美国哥伦比亚大学医学中心的Shimbo博士团队在国际期刊Journal of the American Heart Association在线发表了题为“Translational Research of the Acute Effects of Negative Emotions on Vascular Endothelial Health: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Study”的研究论文，该研究选择了2013 年 8 月至 2017 年 5 月期间的280名志愿者进行了随机调查研究，该研究发现短暂的愤怒刺激通过损害内皮依赖性血管舒张而对内皮细胞健康产生不利影响。
Atherosclerosis is a diffuse disease characterized by the deposition of lipids and other blood components within the walls of arteries. Evidence suggests that rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent formation of blood clots are responsible for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Cardiovascular research efforts are dedicated to identifying the early underlying factors that initiate pathways that lead to atherosclerosis. Since 1959, when Friedman and Rosenman first proposed that highly competitive, ambitious, work-driven, time-conscious, and aggressive (i.e., type A behavior patterns) individuals are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, there has been considerable interest in investigating the association of psychosocial factors with cardiovascular disease events. The experience of negative emotions is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events, independent of traditional risk factors. One of the most studied negative emotions that trigger CVD events is anger, and population-based studies consistently show that acute experiences of anger are associated with an increased risk of CVD events. What impact anger experiences have on the pathways that lead to the development and progression of atherosclerosis has yet to be fully elucidated. The endothelium is a key regulator of vascular homeostasis. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a vital role in maintaining vascular tone and vascular integrity. There is evidence that endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological process in the development of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease events. Several studies have shown that psychological stress tasks, such as mental arithmetic or public speaking, impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV). In laboratory studies, responses to psychological stress tasks are often equated with experiencing negative emotions such as anger. However, the responses elicited by these tasks may not trigger specific negative emotions, just as life stressors may produce a variety of different emotions, depending on individual and environmental factors. In a small non-randomized study, the authors previously showed that the anger recall task that prompts irritation acutely affects EC health by impairing EDV, impairing ECs, and disrupting EC repair capacity. Finally, in addition to anger-triggered CVD events, there is evidence from population-based studies that acute experiences of anxiety and sadness may also trigger CVD events. However, there is little data on the effects of triggering anxiety and grief on EC health. The overall goal of this study is to explore the acute effects of anger and secondary anxiety and grief on EC health. The authors' primary hypothesis is that the anger recall task impairs EDV, impairs ECs, and reduces EC repair capacity compared to neutral conditions. Our secondary hypothesis is that anxiety and grief tasks also have similar effects on EDV, EC damage, and EC repair capacity compared to neutral conditions.
愤怒的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分（Credit:Journal of the American Heart Association）
The study found that the effect of anger on the cardiovascular system was significant, with a significant change in the reactive vasodilation (RHI) index in the anger group at 40 minutes, while the anxiety and grief groups were not affected. Analysis of vascular endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMP) and circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) showed that different emotions had no effect on them. Blood pressure and heart rate analyses showed that the most significant changes were in the anger and anxiety groups, while no significant effect was found in the sadness group. This study did not observe the effects of anxiety and sadness on vascular endothelial cells, and more research may be needed in the future to reveal the role of these emotions on the cardiovascular system. At the same time, treatment strategies should be developed based on the negative effects of anger on vascular endothelial cells, rather than simply associating negative emotions with cardiovascular disease risk.
The original link https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.123.032698
Editor-in-charge|Explore Jun
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文章来源|“ iNature”
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