What are the difficulties in the reform of state-owned enterprises?
Or why should state-owned enterprises be reformed?
The answer is: many SOEs are inefficient and even lose money.
In other words, socialist state-owned enterprises should add bricks and tiles to socialist construction, but unfortunately, many state-owned enterprises have become a burden on socialist construction.
Therefore, the political line of state-owned enterprise reform is "how to make state-owned enterprises make positive contributions to socialist construction."
After the political line is decided, cadres are the decisive factor and the key factor.
In 1938, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the great man proposed that "after the political line is determined, cadres are the decisive factor", and clearly proposed to train a large number of new cadres in a planned manner.
Therefore, the focus of the reform of state-owned enterprises is on the issue of leading cadres.
In other words, the main reason for the decline of state-owned enterprises is the corruption and incompetence of many leading cadres.
Similarly, the hope of state-owned enterprises also lies in the fact that leading cadres should have both ability and political integrity.
It is the so-called, success is also Xiao He, defeat is also Xiao He.
State-owned enterprises are like regular armies under the leadership of the Party in the War of Liberation, and private enterprises are like guerrillas or militia organizations under the leadership of the Party.
In fact, the two must and can be converted into each other in a specific period, within a specific scope and under certain conditions.
For example, in the early days of the Liberation War, in the face of the encirclement and suppression of the powerful Kuomintang army, many regular troops of the People's Liberation Army were reduced to pieces and started guerrilla warfare.
Of course, in the War of Liberation, the backbone of the victory over the Kuomintang army must also be the regular troops of the People's Liberation Army.
In the same way, the backbone of socialist construction must also be state-owned enterprises – indispensable.
The key factor why the PLA went from victory to victory in the War of Liberation was that almost all of the middle and high-ranking cadres of the PLA were outstanding cadres trained and tempered by the Red Army's Long March University. They are not afraid of sacrifice and can fight well.
Looking back at the middle and senior leading cadres of many of our state-owned enterprises – do they have the spirit of sacrifice? Have they been trained hard? Can they fight well?
Confucius said: His body is upright, and he does not give orders, and his body is not right, although he does not do it.
For the cadres of state-owned enterprises, that is to say: a leading cadre with good conduct, if he is not urged by the above, he will also consciously do "right" things; When a leading cadre with bad conduct is urged to do "right" things, he will not listen.
Therefore, the focus of the reform of state-owned enterprises is not to restructure the system, but to change the personnel -- to change the personnel system.
Just imagine, the same corrupt and incompetent leading cadres have been restructured - he must still be corrupt and incompetent.
To sum up, to solve the key and difficult problems in the reform of state-owned enterprises, we must adhere to two basic philosophies:
First, seek truth from facts.
Because state-owned enterprises do have problems, and the problems are not small.
Therefore, the reform of state-owned enterprises is indeed necessary.
Second, the outline is clear.
The focus of the reform of state-owned enterprises is not to restructure the system -- privatization, but to solve the problem that many leading cadres of state-owned enterprises are not popular and specialized.