Rice is the main grain crop on the mainland, and in order to increase the yield of corn and prevent the lodging of corn, it is necessary to strengthen management, rationally apply fertilizer, strengthen field management and pest control, and obtain high corn yields all year round according to the needs of water and fertilizer in each period of corn. This article will focus on how to plant corn so that it will not fail, and propose corresponding control strategies.
First, the cause of corn lodging cause analysis: the occurrence of corn lodging most of the plots are relatively fertile and sparse, in recent years mainly occurred pig film planting plots, due to the fertile land, seedling growth vigorous, corn root system shallow, root group concentrated in the soil surface, corn plants are too high, corn root development is poor, in terms of fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer is more, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is insufficient, plant growth occurs, or the soil layer is shallow, rough when preparing the land, affecting the development of corn roots, etc. Factors such as excessive rain and high winds caused the corn flakes to lodging.
2. Preventive measures
1. Strictly control the sowing quality, select seeds that are full, consistent in size, high germination rate and strong vitality to ensure that the seedlings are strong and strong. Strengthen the quality of land preparation, strengthen soil cultivation in plots with shallow soil layers, and increase the thickness of soil layers.
2. Soil cultivation: The main function of corn soil cultivation is to thicken the soil layer at the base of the stem, promote and support the multiple occurrence of roots and enter the soil, expand the range of water and nutrients absorbed by the root system, which is conducive to waterlogging prevention and drought resistance, improve soil temperature, ventilation and dehumidification, and ensure the normal growth and development of corn and yield formation. The time of soil cultivation is usually carried out in combination with tillage fertilization in the large flare mouth period, the time of soil cultivation can not be early or too late, and the soil is too early, because the surface 1-3 nodes are the occurrence parts of the supporting roots, the occurrence of the supporting roots will be affected by soil cultivation, or the nodes of the supporting roots will become higher, which is not conducive to the normal growth of corn, and the soil cultivation too late will be unfavorable to the supporting roots into the soil, so that the supporting roots can not enter the soil normally, so as to affect the absorption and synthesis of nutrients by the supporting roots. Therefore, the soil cultivation at the ear stage must be timely.
3. When sowing, it is necessary to choose high-yield lodging-resistant varieties for planting, fine land preparation, sowing according to requirements, reasonably arranging the number of basic seedlings, and improving the quality of corn sowing.
4. Reasonable fertilizer and water management in the early stage to prevent corn from growing, and carry out deep cultivation and suppression of soil cultivation for corn seedlings that have grown vigorously at the seedling stage. In terms of fertilization, correct the phenomenon of too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent plant growth. Strive to grow thick between the first and second nodes of the base in order to prevent high yield. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage of maize will cause the growth of vegetative organs to be excessive, the development of reproductive organs to be weakened, and even to cause lodging of maize plants.
5. The application of growth regulators has a certain effect on preventing corn lodging, and the method is to spray 75-100 kg per mu with a concentration of 0.1-0.25% chlormequat about 10 days before corn jointing. Spraying with 15% paclobutrazol powder with 33-50 grams per mu and 50 kg of water at the 3-5 leaf stage of corn can effectively inhibit the internode elongation of maize basality, reduce the height of maize plants, increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, enhance the hardness of maize stalks, and prevent maize lodging.
6. The corn internodes of seedling transplanting are short, and the plant height is 20-30 cm lower than that of direct seeding corn, which improves the uniformity of the plant, and the transplanting can be planted by classification of large and small seedlings, and the row spacing specifications are neat, and the leaves can be set in direction, so the plant grows neatly and consistently. Enhance stress resistance, reduce the transplanted maize plant and ear position, and develop the root system, especially the increase in the number of aerial roots, which can enhance drought resistance and lodging resistance.
7. Cultivating and weeding, the agricultural proverb says: "Corn is tender, and a manure is on the top", which illustrates the role of early seedling stage and tillage, and the first shallow tillage is carried out after transplanting and returning to the seedlings, mainly loosening the soil, and at the same time preventing weeds, promoting the early appearance of the secondary root layer and more roots. The second tillage is carried out before jointing at a depth of more than 6 cm to promote root rooting, increase root volume and prevent lodging.