Abstract:Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Guangdong, Guangxi and Central China provinces and regions are mostly cultivated, mainly planted in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Ningxia, Guizhou, Qinghai and other places, of which the planting area of the first four provinces and regions accounts for about 90% of the total area of the country. The data shows that in 2022, the output of oats in mainland China will be 600,000 tons, the import volume will be about 390,000 tons, and the export volume will be very small, only about 90 tons, and the demand will be about 990,000 tons.
1. Definitions and Classification
Oats are an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Poaceae oats, which is not only an important miscellaneous grain crop, but also a high-quality forage plant. Oats have the outstanding characteristics of barren resistance, salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and other extreme environment resistance, wide adaptability, and can be widely planted. With the strong demand for the rapid development of animal husbandry on the mainland, oats have developed into an important forage crop. At present, there are 30 known oat species in the world, and the widely cultivated oats are commonly cultivated oats, mainly distributed in the temperate regions north of 40° north latitude in Europe, North America and Asia. These include Russia, Canada, China, the United States, Brazil, Ukraine, Poland, Finland, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, among others. Cultivated oats are also cultivated in regions such as Oceania and South America. Depending on whether the oat grains are wrapped in bran or not, they can be divided into husk oats and naked oats. Most of the oats with bran are planted abroad, which are mainly used to raise livestock and poultry; The mainland is the origin of naked oats, which has always been dominated by the cultivation of naked oats, also known as wheat in the northern region, mainly planted in the northeast, north China, northwest and southwest and other alpine regions. Among them, naked oats are planted to account for 90% of the total oat planting, and the harvested grains are mainly used for food, and the stems and leaves are used to feed livestock.
Second, industry policies
The policy background of the oat industry in mainland China is characterized by strengthening industrial support and promoting high-quality development. From the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Finance to the State Council, governments at all levels have issued policy documents, making it clear that high-quality forage industries such as oats are an important starting point for promoting agricultural restructuring and rural revitalization. The policy not only emphasizes the support for large-scale grass-fed livestock farms and professional farmer cooperatives, but also pays attention to financial assistance to promote the modernization and standardization of oat planting and storage. In addition, the policy also clarifies specific planting targets, such as the Inner Mongolia government's proposal to maintain the planting area of forage oats at more than 1.93 million mu, showing the government's firm determination for the development of the oat industry. The introduction of a series of policies has provided a strong policy guarantee for the mainland oat industry and laid a solid foundation for the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.
Third, the development process of the industry
With a history of more than 2,500 years of cultivation, the oat industry in mainland China originated in the alpine region of North China and has gradually become the main food crop in the northern alpine region. With the advancement of agricultural technology and policy support, the oat industry has ushered in new development opportunities at the beginning of the 21st century. The establishment of Ximai Food in 2001 marked the industry's move towards marketization and diversification, and set an industry benchmark. In the new century, the rapid rise of emerging brands such as Wang Satie shows the vitality and attractiveness of the industry. In particular, from 2022, the policy has increased support for high-quality forage industries such as oats, and promoted the optimization and upgrading of the oat industry by encouraging large-scale planting, collection, storage and use, and financial assistance.
Fourth, industry barriers
Due to the fierce competition in the market, consumers have high requirements for brand recognition and loyalty, and new entrants need to invest a lot of money and time to build their brand image. In terms of capital, all links of the oat industry chain need a lot of investment, and the shortage of funds may affect the supply chain and product quality. In terms of policy, new entrants need to adhere to strict standards, invest in environmental protection, and deal with the uncertainty caused by policy changes. In terms of channels, new entrants need to establish stable sales networks and partnerships to compete with existing brands for market share. To sum up, the oat industry has high barriers to entry, requiring new entrants to have strong financial strength, good brand image, environmental awareness and channel expansion capabilities.
Fifth, the industrial chain
In terms of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain of the oat industry in mainland China, the upstream is supported by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural machinery and seed industries, among which leading enterprises such as Zhongnongfa Seed Industry and Fengle Seed Industry ensure the supply of high-quality oat seeds, while fertilizer and pesticide enterprises such as Sinopec, Hubei Yihua, Jiangsu Yangnong and other enterprises provide the necessary means of production. In the midstream, oat production and processing enterprises are the core, among which oat food has Guilin Ximai Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., etc., which transform oat raw materials into diversified food products. In the downstream, the products reach end consumers through convenience stores, large supermarkets, online e-commerce and other channels, and are widely used in feed, food, health care and other industries.
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