Summary:
The purpose of this paper is to explore primitive art, as an important part of human culture, and its schematic characteristics carry rich cultural connotations and aesthetic significance. Through the analysis and interpretation of the schema of primitive art, we can deeply understand its characteristics such as simplification and abstraction, symbolization and symbolism, natural theme and vitality, and explore its role and significance in art.
I. Introduction
In the early 19th century, there was a wave of primitiveness in the European art world, and artists and art critics began to look for inspiration in the works of the early Renaissance. The rise of this craze can be traced back to the changes in the social, cultural and political environment of the time. During this period, the rise of the Industrial Revolution brought about great changes in the social structure, a large number of rural people poured into the cities, the urbanization process accelerated, and the differentiation of social classes became more and more obvious. This social change has brought nostalgia for the traditional cultures and values of the past, as well as the pursuit of nature, simplicity and purity.
In the field of art, this nostalgia and pursuit of nature mentality prompted some artists and critics to refocus and praise Renaissance art. They believed that Renaissance art was more pure and natural, and was not affected by the complex influences brought about by later artistic developments, so it was more able to express real emotions and connotations. This celebration of Renaissance art embodies a yearning for the past and a mentality that pursues primitiveness.
II. Gombrich's Perspective
A. Interpretation of the meaning of "primitiveness".
From Gombrich's perspective, we can analyze the concept of "primitiveness" in depth. Gombrich argues that "primitiveness" does not simply refer to the simple or uneducated state of a work of art, but rather to a deeper connotation. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, "primitiveness" has the following meanings:
First of all, "primitiveness" represents a genuine, unmodified state. In artistic creation, artists pursue "primitiveness", which means that they try to express their true inner emotions and experiences without being disturbed and influenced by the outside world. This attitude of pursuing authenticity and purity makes the artwork more simple, natural, and more resonant for the viewer.
Second, "primitiveness" also implies a universality that transcends time and space. Gombrich believes that the schematic characteristics of primitive art are universal and universal, and they transcend specific historical periods and cultural backgrounds, and can be understood and appreciated in different cultural contexts. Therefore, primitive art has a cross-cultural value and significance, which can promote communication and understanding between different cultures.
B. The two major schematic characteristics of primitive art
In Gombrich's research, he particularly emphasizes the two schematic characteristics of primitive art: the "minimum mode" and the "psychological law of reduction". These two characteristics not only reflect the artist's pursuit of natural and concise expression, but also reflect the viewer's psychological reaction and cognitive way of understanding the artwork.
First of all, the "de minimis mode" refers to the minimalist style and expression that a work of art has. In primitive art, artists often express emotions and thoughts through a minimum of lines, colors and forms, removing all unnecessary decorations and embellishments, making the works more pure and concise. This minimalist expression not only makes the artwork more beautiful and connotative, but also can resonate and think about the viewer.
Second, the "psychological law of reduction" refers to the way the viewer perceives and perceives the work of art. Gombrich believes that primitive art often expresses complex emotions and thoughts through simple and direct symbols and forms, and the viewer will understand and interpret the inner meaning of the works according to their own experience and cognitive models when appreciating these works. This simplified and reduced way of expression makes it easier for the viewer to understand and feel the emotions and thoughts that the work of art is intended to express, thus enhancing the expressiveness and appeal of the work.
III. Schematic feature resolution of the "de minimis mode".
A. Conceptual Interpretation and Origin
The "de minimis mode" is one of Gombrich's characteristic schematic features of primitive art, and its core idea is to express emotions and ideas through minimalism. The concept originated from an in-depth exploration of the minimalist and pure expressions of primitive art. Gombrich argues that the "de minimis mode" is not only an artistic expression, but also a simplification and refinement of the complexities of real life, as well as a direct expression of inner emotions and thoughts. In primitive art, the artist expresses his inner emotions and thoughts in the simplest and most direct form by removing all unnecessary decorations and embellishments, making the artwork more pure and simple.
B. Use in artistic creation
The "de minimis mode" has a wide range of applications in artistic creation. By simplifying and refining forms, lines and colors, the artists remove all superfluous elements to make their works purer and more concise. This minimalist expression can not only highlight the theme and connotation of the work, but also enhance the ornamentation and expressiveness of the work. For example, the famous modern artist Picasso is one of the typical representatives of the "minimum mode", he often uses simple geometric shapes and colors to express complex emotions and thoughts in his artistic creation, making his works more abstract and pure.
C. Influence and significance on works of art
The impact and significance of the "de minimis mode" on a work of art is multifaceted. First of all, it makes the artwork more beautiful and connotative, so that the viewer can feel the emotions and thoughts contained in the work more directly. Secondly, it highlights the theme and connotation of the work, making it easier for the viewer to understand and interpret the meaning of the work. Thirdly, it improves the ornamental and expressive power of the work, making it more attractive and appealing. Finally, it also reflects the artist's simplification and refinement of the complexity of real life, as well as the direct expression of inner emotions and thoughts, which has a certain social and cultural significance.
IV. Analysis of schematic features of the "Psychological Law of Reduction".
A. Overview of features and interpretation of connotations
The "psychological law of reduction" is one of the schematic characteristics of primitive art proposed by Gombrich, and its core idea is that the artist expresses inner emotions and thoughts by simplifying and refining forms, lines and colors, and removing all superfluous elements. The connotations of this characteristic include the simplification and refinement of the complexities of real life, as well as the direct expression of inner emotions and thoughts. In artistic creation, the "law of psychology of reduction" makes the work more pure, concise and direct, and can more directly touch the depths of the viewer's soul and arouse resonance and thinking.
B. Embodiment and application in artistic creation
In artistic creation, the "psychological law of reduction" has been widely embodied and applied. By simplifying and refining forms, lines and colors, the artists remove all superfluous elements to make their works more pure and concise. For example, some modern artists use simple geometric shapes and colors, as well as abstract forms, to express complex emotions and ideas in their paintings, making their works more direct, abstract and pure.
At the same time, some sculptors often use simplified forms and lines to express inner emotions and thoughts, making sculptures more pure, concise and direct. This minimalist expression can not only highlight the theme and connotation of the work, but also enhance the ornamentation and expressiveness of the work.
C. Psychological impact and enlightenment to the viewer
The psychological impact and enlightenment of the "psychological law of reduction" on the viewer are multifaceted. First of all, it makes it easier for the viewer to understand and interpret the work of art, because the work is more concise and direct, and the viewer can feel the emotions and ideas contained in the work more directly. Secondly, it arouses the viewer's thinking and association with the artwork, because the blank part of the work can often trigger the viewer's imagination and thinking, so that the viewer can more actively participate in the interpretation and appreciation of the work. Thirdly, it evokes the inner resonance and emotion of the viewer, because the direct and pure expression of the work can touch the deep emotions and emotions of the viewer, and arouse the resonance and feelings of the viewer.
V. The Relation of Primitive Art to Early Renaissance Works
A. Characteristics and styles of early Renaissance art
The early Renaissance was an important period in the history of European art, and its artistic style and characteristics had a profound impact on later generations. In the art of the early Renaissance, people's enthusiasm for classical culture and love for nature were vividly expressed, showing the following characteristics and styles:
Idealized representation of the human body: Heavily influenced by ancient Greek and Roman sculpture, early Renaissance artists pursued an idealized representation of the human body, emphasizing its proportions and symmetry, and creating a large number of sculptures and paintings full of power and movement.
Use of perspective and light and shadow: Artists of the early Renaissance were very skilled in the use of perspective and light and shadow, and they made their works more realistic and three-dimensional through precise perspective composition and meticulous treatment of light and shadow, enhancing the viewer's sense of immersion and realism.
Observation and depiction of nature: Artists of the early Renaissance observed and depicted nature in great detail and depth, and they made their works more vivid and realistic through their detailed depictions of plants, animals, and landscapes.
Emphasis on religious themes: Artists in the early Renaissance paid more attention to religious themes in their creations, depicting biblical stories and religious scenes in large numbers of works that showed devotion and reverence for the faith.
B. The artist's reference and pursuit of primitive art
In the early Renaissance, artists' borrowing and pursuit of primitive art shaped their creative styles and expressions to a large extent. Drawing inspiration from ancient art, they strive to explore their own artistic style, exhibiting the following characteristics:
Learning and imitating ancient art: Artists of the early Renaissance were keen to learn and imitate ancient art, especially sculpture and painting from ancient Greece and Rome. They believed that ancient art was the purest and most perfect form of artistic expression, and therefore sought to imitate the styles and techniques of ancient art in order to reach the peak of art.
Pursuing the expression of primitive art: Artists pursue the expression of primitive art in their creation, trying to express their inner emotions and thoughts by simplifying and refining forms, lines and colors, and removing all superfluous elements. They try to show a pure, direct and original artistic style in their works, making them more infectious and expressive.
In-depth observation and depiction of nature: Artists' in-depth observation and depiction of nature in their creations are also influenced by primitive art. They try to show the truth of life and the beauty of nature through detailed depictions of the natural world, in order to make the works more vivid and infectious.
VI. Conclusion
Through the discussion in this article, we can summarize the schematic characteristics of primitive art and its role in art:
Simplification and Abstraction: One of the schematic characteristics of primitive art is simplification and abstraction. This simplification is reflected not only in the simplicity of the form, but also in the abstract expression of images and symbols. This kind of simplification and abstraction can not only highlight the theme and highlight the core content of the expression, but also lead the viewer to think and associate at a deeper level.
Symbolization and symbolism: Primitive art schemas have strong symbolic and symbolic characteristics. Through simple and representative symbols and images, primitive art conveys rich and profound connotations, making the works not only have intuitive visual effects, but also spiritual meanings and symbolic meanings.
Natural Theme and Vitality: The schema of primitive art often revolves around the theme of nature, showing a strong vitality and the beauty of nature. These schemas reflect human beings' reverence and yearning for nature, and also express their understanding and pursuit of life force and circulation.
Author: Lu Xilin
Bibliography:
Mithen, S. (2005). The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body. Harvard University Press.
Whitley, D. S. (2009). Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief. Prometheus Books.
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