Lead
"There are three people around you who need to be close, but they can't get close to you because of your flaw, and that flaw is that you fight at night."
The narrator of this sentence gave a chicken soup for the soul on stage for the audience, and finally he said, "Your flaw doesn't matter at all, because the person closest to you has already left you because of it."
Some people in the audience were moved and sad, and some began to open the spiritual diary of their lives for this passage, but more people patted the narrator on the shoulder in their hearts, smiled and nodded vigorously at him.
The audience thinks that this sentence is said to themselves, so how does the person who said it know?
How did this sentence touch everyone's hearts all at once?
At the same time, what kind of scientific support does this sentence have?
Which scientific theory is this?
In fact, this scientific theory is the Barnum effect, in this scientific theory, the Barnum effect tells us that people are more likely to resonate with vague and general descriptions, but it is precisely because of this resonance that it has brought a great crisis, so at this time there have been such four theories in the scientific community, although these theories have been confirmed in the eyes of scientists, but most scientists are difficult to accept these theories.
So what do these four theories look like?
1. The Barnum effect.
The Barnum effect comes from the name of Colonel Barnum, the famous circus leader in the United States, in 1835, Colonel Barnum founded his first circus, which is known as the largest circus in the United States.
For some time after this, Colonel Barnum also exaggerated the contents of the flyer, and his propaganda on the flyer was like that of a legendary god, so that the content of Barnum's circus on the flyer was nicknamed "Barnum Quotes" by many.
When Barnum's circus officially opened, many people's hearts were lit up with heroic hopes, but these people would be sad when they went home after watching the performance, because they found themselves deceived by Colonel Barnum's clever propaganda, because the circus performers and the leaflets were very different, so some people would regret the propaganda they had made, and some people would think that they had seen it wrong. So then Colonel Barnum was able to attract many people for his own circus.
This is also the reason why the Barnum effect in science comes from this, and people are more likely to resonate with vague, general descriptions, and this effect is often used by people to deceive or fortune telling, and when we are also deceived by this, we think that it is very correct, but this is not the real reason.
As early as the 20th century, a famous psychologist discovered that the reason why people are more likely to resonate with vague or general descriptions is because people have a kind of psychological induction, called subjective verification, which is that people always think that they are right, so when someone gives information that is consistent with our own point of view, the psychology will resonate with the information and will think that the information is correct.
And even if this information is proven to be false, the psychology will not accept it, and will think that it is wrong, so it will be more convinced that this information is correct.
At the same time, from another aspect, the crisis brought by these psychological inductions is also very big, they will make people's views on some information become very one-sided and narrow, and at the same time, people will be considered correct without thinking about the information, so these psychological inductions will also make people become very lazy, become unwilling to think, and will also trust some vaguely described information, so people are guided by the Barnum effect at the same time, and in the Barnum effect at the same time, they are in a huge crisis.
But the scientific community has also been asked why everyone is led by the Barnum effect, and no one seems to be able to escape, is there really no one who is not drawn by the Barnum effect?
2. Schrödinger's cat.
In 1935, a famous Austrian physicist, Schrödinger, proposed a very interesting thought experiment in an article called "A Unique Explanation of a Problem in Quantum Mechanics" - Schrödinger's cat.
Its contents are just as familiar to humans: in a closed box, there is a cat and a bottle of potassium cyanide, and when the bottle is broken, the cat will be poisoned, and the cat will not live unless the bottle is not broken.
But under these two conditions, only one is real, so is the cat alive or dead until no one opens the box?
Intuitively, cats are either alive or dead, but this is not the case in the quantum world.
In the quantum world, everything is very magical, and the principle of weak quantum existence tells us that microscopic particles in the microscopic world, when they are not observed, are neither particles nor waves.
Therefore, the Barnum effect can also be found in this theory, and people are reluctant to admit the non-intuitive nature of the quantum world, so this also strengthens the correctness of the Barnum effect.
But what they don't realize is that Schrödinger's cat, although very magical, has been widely discussed in the following period, and in 1957, a famous American physicist Evert and two French physicists combined quantum mechanics with a kind of "differential counting", they used Schrödinger's cat to prove the non-intuitive nature of the quantum world, to prove the error of the Barnum effect, so scientists should learn from Schrödinger's spirit, When faced with some non-intuitive characteristics, you should not be limited to your own point of view, but should think from multiple angles.
3. The bystander effect.
The bystander effect refers to the fact that people are reluctant to help when they see others not helping in a group setting.
This effect was first confirmed in 1964, when two psychologists learned that a woman had been raped and beaten, but when the two psychologists called the police, the people around them felt that it was not their own business, so no one helped the woman, so the woman was later killed by the abuser.
In 1983, two psychologists summed up the psychological and behavioral patterns of this effect, and at the same time, they also made certain changes on this basis, so that when people saw that someone did not help, they would ignore the reaction of others and bravely go up and help others.
But most people are still susceptible to the bystander effect, so they think it's a wrong mental and behavioral pattern.
However, during this period, some people also suggested that such behavior is very correct for individuals, because the main reason for people's bystander effect is psychological induction, so when someone does not help, people will think that this is the right thing to do, so people cannot get out of the bystander effect.
But there are also a small number of people who believe that this kind of psychological induction is correct, but for the bystander effect, people should not be swayed by the behavior of the group, so people should have the courage to act independently, and should not be swayed by the bystander effect, which is the correct psychological and behavioral model.
Fourth, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was proposed by the famous physicist Heisenberg in 1927, who believed that when the position of a microscopic particle is measured, the momentum of the microscopic particle becomes very uncertain, and when the momentum of the microscopic particle is measured, its position becomes very uncertain.
This has led to a great deal of discussion in the scientific community, and people are reluctant to accept such a theory, because it is contrary to the view of classical physics, where the position and velocity of microscopic particles can be measured simultaneously.
However, in the following period, some people put forward that Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is correct, but it also has its scope of application, that is, when a microscopic particle is observed, its position and velocity cannot be measured at the same time, but when the microscopic particle is not observed, its position and velocity can be measured at the same time, so people have improved and perfected this theory for a period of time after that, but no one has been able to confirm the correctness of this theory.
It can be said that in human cognition, traditional ideas occupy the vast majority of positions, and these proven theories will be questioned, which is why many scientific theories cannot be properly popularized.
At the same time, this is not a bad thing, because it can help scientific researchers to make corrections and improvements in time when they discover some new situations, so as to promote the development of science.
epilogue
Everyone lives in their own world, so in the face of some scientific theories that challenge traditional cognition, we do not need to raise the bar, but to jump out of the traditional mode of thinking, beyond conventional thinking, with an open heart to think, to accept new ideas, new possibilities, so as to promote the continuous expansion of the boundaries of human cognition.