The national army was the national army of the puppet state of Manchukuo, originally called the garrison army, which was formed after the "918" by the troops of the local warlords in the northeast who surrendered to the Japanese Kwantung Army, but the Japanese did not trust them. In order to control this force, the Kwantung Army stationed advisers in various garrisons. and keep their weapons and troops to a minimum. On August 9, 1933, the Ministry of the Japanese Army formulated the "Manchukuo Army Guidelines" clearly stated: The standard number of this army is only 60,000, there are only two arms of infantry and cavalry, and it is not allowed to have tanks, heavy artillery and aircraft. It can be seen that it is nothing more than a small subsidy force of the Kwantung Army. At that time, it was a conscription system. In order to expand the needs of the war of aggression, the "Art of War" was promulgated and implemented on April 11, 1940, and the conscription system was changed to a conscription system. According to the "Law of the State Army", national soldiers are to be recruited from among young people who have reached the age of 19 and serve for a period of three years. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japanese militarism had no choice but to draw troops from the South Seas and rely on the national army to take over the defense area and serve as cannon fodder in the war of aggression. As a result, the state arms and arms have been relaxed and the control has been tightened. It was in this context that we were conscripted into the third national army in 1943.
Declaration
According to the "Law of National Soldiers", in the 10th year of Kant (1943), we school-age young people had to go to the county seat to undergo a Hugh examination before enlisting in the national army. The examination is very comprehensive, very strict, naked, urine, anus are all within the examination, and those who pass the physical examination must be declared, just like today's oath. The way is to stand in a line, standing in front of the chief recruiting officer (the military representative is a major) and the local recruiting officer (the county magistrate), and the platoon leader declares on behalf of everyone, to the effect that "I am honored to pass the examination and be loyal to the country" and so on. After the declaration was completed, he went home and waited for the notice of the army. There will be a month during this period. In the middle, a lot must be drawn, and those who are drawn can not go to service. However, everyone can't go to the lottery in person, and even if they are drawn, they will let others give them the top, and they have to enlist in the army. Therefore, the lottery is just to exempt the rich from the family, and it is also a loophole for the big and small heads and recruiters to give gifts. Those that are not checked and removed are called national soldier leaks. The national soldiers do not serve, but they have to work hard.
The first day of camp
Around 1 August, dozens of qualified youths from Jiaohe County were sent to Jilin City to be organized into the 7th Company of the 3rd Battalion and the 7th Mortar Company of the 11th Infantry Regiment of the 2nd Brigade to receive fascist militarist training.
After the local county government sent someone to take us to Dongda Camp and hand it over to the army, we were taken to the playground to check the number of people, and after there was no mistake, we were fine, and then the military arranged the class. During the basic training period, there was no platoon formation, and after the class was completed, the instructors would take each class into the dormitory of each class. In advance, everyone's name was pasted on the head of the bed, and the clothes and eating utensils were also placed, and everyone stood in front of their name, and the squad leader gave orders to change their clothes. The clothes that had been changed were brought back by the people who came with them, and those who did not come with them were folded and put on the bed. After changing clothes, the squad leader will lead the team to familiarize themselves with the barracks (most of the squad leaders are veterans of the recruitment period and the first and second national soldiers). Familiar with the regimental headquarters, the Imperial Shadow, where the military flag is, the warehouse, the dining room, the restroom, the bartender (small shop), etc., are all familiar, and then rest. After dinner, the squad leader talked about the internal affairs order, and the first sentence was: "You are soldiers, not at home, you must abide by military discipline" and so on, and then talk about the regulations.
Training
Training began on the second day of the camp and lasted six months. First of all, it is hand-to-hand training, learning army etiquette, taking a break, standing upright, turning left and right, starting and walking, pulling slow steps, and so on. After the hand-to-hand training, it is gun training, first talk about the name, nature, function, gun holding method of each part of the gun, stabbing, shooting (including horizontal shooting, knee shooting, standing shooting) and so on. When training with a gun, you should bring all the marching equipment, such as guns, bullets, bayonets, eating utensils, backpacks, etc., and weigh dozens of pounds. After the training with guns, it is the squad combat training, learning the horizontal and vertical dispersion, the use of straggler lines, terrain, and features. All of this training takes place outdoors, and only when learning to memorize edicts, teach military codes, and teach singing, do so indoors.
After training, Kim shouted passwords in Japanese. The squad leader and deputy squad leader are responsible for training, and they scold when they open their mouths, and beat them when they raise their hands, and the recruits are like slaves, and they dare not come out. In addition to the mental insults, they also had to endure physical torture. After they shouted the password, they checked back and forth, the posture was wrong, and he didn't tell you, either a punch or a kick. Bite your teeth when you are in the mouth, otherwise your teeth will be knocked out or revived. If you are kicked, you must jump or pounce with your strength, and you must not bend your legs or kneel, otherwise you will be beaten. Thirty or forty people live in a single house with only one door, and there must be a precedence for people to go out. But every time he assembled, the squad leader on duty took a strip and stood at the door, and whoever came out last to beat whom, was beaten every day. Six months later, the training came to an end, and I had to go to Rehe to fight the Eighth Route Army. The instructors and squad leaders only had a smile on their faces, and they no longer beat people casually, because they were afraid of black guns on the battlefield.
Life in the barracks
Every day, I get up at 5 a.m., and then I tidy up housekeeping, roll call, running, and ...... exercises. I had an hour break at noon, went to eat, could only sit for a while, and then had to go out to exercise. In the evening, the squad leader will talk about the internal affairs order, and go to bed at 9 o'clock. Cycle after cycle, day after day, day after day.
The housekeeping requirements are very strict, and the eating utensils and rinses have a certain place and are not allowed to be placed indiscriminately. The bedding should be folded squarely, with horns, and should be the same height from the front and the same from the side.
Guarding the barracks, edicts, and shadows were all the business of veterans, and they did not participate in training. Duties, chores, cooking, cleaning the house, etc. are all undertaken by the recruits. Three meals a day are all hard, rustling sorghum rice. Meals are distributed to everyone by the leader on duty, each person has an aluminum bowl for rice, an aluminum plate for vegetables, and the dishes must be dried for the squad leaders and veterans first, and then distributed to the recruits. To improve the food, it is black flour steamed buns, five per person, two taels per person. At this time, the squad leader came out with the idea of searching and ordered to finish the meal in five minutes, so that he would not dare to eat vegetables, and he would eat steamed buns tightly, and he would still not be able to finish eating at the point, and the rest would be taken back and sent to the room.
At night, you should sit straight on the edge of the bed and keep your eyes on the squad leader, otherwise he will say that you look down on him and order the person opposite to beat you. If he doesn't hit him hard, the squad leader will beat him hard, and it's called a good name.
On Sundays, the whole class lined up, and the squad leader led the team to walk through the streets, and individual recruits were not allowed to enter or leave the barracks. At the end of the training, family members are allowed to meet once. Usually, if you bring a little food at home or at a meeting, you have to give it to the squad leader and deputy squad leader first, they don't want it, and you don't dare to eat it. Officers are a minority, can't follow you all day long, sergeant (squad leader), young sergeant (deputy squad leader) is the emperor in the soldiers, two flower veterans are up, the number of recruits is the lowest, although they are all a flower, the second phase of the soldiers will be in charge of the third phase of the soldiers, they are more fierce, this hit you and said: "You look down on Lao Tzu, Lao Tzu's flower is older than your flower drum, older than your flower." So usually we recruits would rather stay inside than go outside. I really can't go to the toilet until I go to the toilet, and I have to be very careful at this time, because when I get out of the house, it is full of your "elders", and you can't put your hands on the brim of your hat. One negligence, forgetting to salute, has to eat ear bags. The "three major losses" and "ten numbers" illustrate the living conditions and psychological state of the national soldiers in those years. The three major losses are "wearing water socks and bare feet, sorghum rice is not full, and the teeth are bitten under the housekeeping" Ten numbers are "one flower carrying, two flowers are in charge, the 38-style gun is held, the four characters are slowly pulled, the pentagonal country is slightly topped, six yuan and five cents are earned, there is no holiday for seven days, the eight Ga cries and pulls next to each other, the Jiudong camp is guarded, and ten (real) ten (real) are unwilling to do it." ”
to Rehe
In the autumn of Kant's 10th year (1943), six months of basic training were over, and we left for Rehe, at which time there was a platoon formation. The number is still the 11th Infantry Regiment of the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Military District, and we are still serving as soldiers in the 7th Company of the 3rd Battalion and the Mortar Company, operating in the areas of Chengde, Qinglong, Jianchang, and Qian'an. The regiment headquarters is located in a pot burning yard with a cane on the edge of the Luan River. The headquarters of the third battalion is stationed at Shahe Bridge in Qian'an County. At this time, the regiment commander was replaced by a man named Liu Zhicong, and the deputy positions of the regiment and battalion were all Japanese, and some Japanese were even platoon commanders. Firmly in his hands on real power, Pu Jie was the second lieutenant adjutant of the regiment at that time. Three battalions of the regiment and one mortar company. There are only four heavy machine guns, and the pursuit guns are all Zhang Zuolin's hometown belongings produced by the Shenyang Arsenal in the Republic of China for more than ten years, which is not very easy to use. The mortar company followed the regimental headquarters and did not fight a single battle, and later became the guard company of the regimental headquarters.
Propaganda work of the Eighth Route Army
Shahe Bridge, where the third battalion headquarters is stationed, is a bazaar, and every five meets ten, the masses of the nearby ten miles and eight villages all come here to catch the market. They exchange their own agricultural and sideline products for daily necessities, some cash and production tools, etc. Therefore, on the day of the market, the town suddenly became lively, and many people increased in the air, although we were vigilant, but every time there were many plainclothes of the Eighth Route Army. Leaflets were scattered all over the place, and some were even pasted on the walls. Most of them publicized the situation at home and abroad, calling on the "Manchu army" to be anyway, the Chinese should not fight the Chinese, and should not fall for the Japanese to use China to control China. It was very tight, but the soldiers still talked about these things in private. In the evening, the propaganda team of the Eighth Route Army beat gongs and drums outside the garrison and shouted to the Manchu army, making it clear to everyone that Japan had only 100 million people, that its strength was temporary, that there were 400 million entrances, and that victory was ours, and that the Manchu army would rise up and kill the Japanese officers anyway. And proposed, those who are willing to go home will pay for the journey, and those who are willing to join the army are more welcome, and those who bring weapons to join the army will be rewarded. Sometimes some practical examples of the Manchu army fighting against Japan anyway are also sung. At this time, everyone listened quietly, after the officials and the Japanese knew, they called for the gun, after the gun was fired, the Eighth Route Army was still propaganda, and it couldn't hit people at all, and under the long-term propaganda, we knew the proposition of the Eighth Route Army, and the old national soldiers often talked about how the Eighth Route Army experienced harm in private. Therefore, when I set out, I often met a martial arts team wearing various costumes. Sometimes we are in the mountains, the guerrillas are under the mountain, sometimes we are under the mountain, the guerrillas are in the mountains, and if there are no Japanese to follow, they go their separate ways, and no one shoots. In the past two years, we have not seen a regular Eighth Route Army.
Sweep
The local masses and the Eighth Route Army are one family, the village chief is the village chief of the puppet regime on the surface, but in fact he is the village chief of the Eighth Route Army, there are people from the Eighth Route Army everywhere, and there are also people in the Manchu Army. Moreover, each village has a lookout pin on the mountain, and it is two miles away to see us. When we went from that side, the trees fell to that side, and by the time we arrived, the people were gone. And with the practice of clearing the wilderness, we will not find anything. The Eighth Route Army used sparrow warfare, mine warfare, piecemeal. When the walkers walked, they were either shot coldly or stepped on landmines. The Eighth Route Army could not be touched at all, because the Eighth Route Army advocated that the Chinese should not fight the Chinese, and the Manchu Army was basically fine when it acted alone. As soon as the Japanese followed or joined the Japanese army, they had to be beaten. Despite the fact that the Japanese had the spirit of bushido, they were actually afraid of being beaten, so they hid in bunkers when camping, and let the Manchu troops live outside to guard them. In that place, you can't tell who is a soldier and who is a citizen, and you can't see anyone after being beaten or bombed. During the Spring Festival of 1944, I heard that Lu Zhengcao's troops were celebrating the New Year in Santun Camp, and the Third Battalion was ordered to sneak attack. As soon as the third battalion came out of the Shahe Bridge, the Eighth Route Army knew that there were only small flags on the road, and it was hard to argue whether it was true or false. It was easy to cross the minefield, and there was another big sign with the words "Go further, a dead end." The Japanese battalion commander did not listen to the advice and continued to supervise the advance of the team, but as a result, he entered the ambush circle, and nine died at once, and many wounded, and were captured to a whole platoon, and the wounded were scattered back without even bothering to pick them up, but even the shadow of Lu Zhengcao's troops was not seen, and the next day the Eighth Route Army sent Lao Baixing to send the wounded Manchu army back to Shahe Bridge.
No man's land
The Japanese always suffered losses in the sweeps, and the Eighth Route Army fought more and more, and there was no distinction between soldiers and civilians, and they came and went magically. They struggled with their brains, and finally came up with a solution, that is, to divide the areas where the guerrillas of the Eighth Route Army often appeared into no-man's land, burn down the houses, force the masses living there to move to the designated areas to live, and build walls around the designated areas, so as to cut off the ties between the Eighth Route Army and the masses of the people and cut off the Eighth Route Army's source of materials. In addition, peasants are not allowed to go to no-man's land to cultivate land, with the result that large tracts of cultivated land are wasted and the masses do not have enough food to eat. In order to make a living, some people have to risk their lives to go to no-man's land to secretly cultivate the land that they have lost. However, during the crusade, the Japanese cut down crops when they saw them in no man's land, so the people lived a very miserable life. Since the young and middle-aged people all joined the guerrillas to fight their heads, most of them were old, weak, women and children, they wore patched nails, they were broken and disorderly, everyone had yellow faces and thin muscles, and they ate vegetable dumplings mixed with a little brown rice with sugar, and the better ones only broke the sorghum and cooked porridge to drink. In such a difficult environment, their spirit of not giving in and persisting in fighting the enemy is truly admirable. When I think about it today, those of us who are accomplices of the Japanese are ashamed of them. It was not until August 15, 1945, after August 15, 1945, that we threw away our weapons and ended two and a half years of national soldier life.
Jiaohe County No. 1 Middle School Yang Juyue finished