1. Types of pelvic floor dysfunction in anorectal department
Constipation:
Constipation refers to a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements, a decrease in the amount of stool, dry stools, and laborious bowel movements. It is necessary to make a judgment on whether there is constipation based on the characteristics of the stool, the person's usual bowel habits, and whether there is difficulty in defecation. Chronic constipation occurs if it lasts for more than six months. Biofeedback training transforms muscle activity into easily understandable and recognizable signal patterns, which, combined with self-regulation, ultimately alter muscle strength and coordination.
Fecal incontinence:
Fecal incontinence is a common defecation disorder in clinical practice, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques have attracted more and more attention. Biofeedback therapy can significantly improve sphincter contractility, reduce the rectal sensory threshold, and promote coordination recovery. The treatment of myogenic fecal incontinence is remarkable.
Pelvic floor relaxation syndrome:
Relaxed pelvic floor syndrome (RPS) is mainly manifested by perineal descent, pelvic organ prolapse, rectal intussusception, rectocele, pelvic floor hernia, etc. Relevant studies have shown that biofeedback training combined with biofeedback therapy is a simple and feasible treatment method with stable efficacy.
Anorectal pain:
Anorectal pain is a common condition of chronic pelvic floor pain syndrome (CPPS) and typically resembles a burning, tingling, irritable, or stiff sensation. Biofeedback technology performs contraction, relaxation exercises, relaxes pelvic floor muscles, helps pelvic floor muscles return to their normal power range, and relieves pain during attacks, thus breaking the vicious cycle of spasms and pain.
Pelvic floor achalasia syndrome:
The main clinical manifestations of pelvic floor achalasia syndrome should be difficulty in passing stool, which is not easy to pass even if it is formed and soft, and patients will have a feeling of fullness in the perineum and a feeling that the anus cannot be opened. Biofeedback is recommended by the American College of Colorectalists as the first-line treatment for constipation due to pelvic floor achalasia. Biofeedback treatment of constipation caused by pelvic floor achalasia can significantly improve the electromyography evaluation index of pelvic floor surface and improve constipation.
Second, the application of pelvic floor biofeedback rehabilitation instrument
01. Highly specialized evaluation system
The evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction in proctology includes subjective assessment and objective index assessment, covering the concepts of anatomical assessment and functional assessment. In general, the time points of the evaluation need to include pre-treatment, in-treatment, and post-treatment assessments. Subjective assessment mainly includes symptom questionnaires, quality of life questionnaires, etc. Objective evaluation mainly includes physical examination, pelvic floor muscle strength manual measurement, pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography examination, etc.
02. Professional pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment
(1) Electrical stimulation: including neuromuscular electrical stimulation, triggered electrical stimulation, functional electrical stimulation, biofeedback, scene training, and intelligent individualized customized courses. Electrical stimulation stimulates the efferent fibers of the rectal nerve, rebuilds neuromuscular excitability, enhances proprioception of pelvic floor muscles, and increases the function of levator ani muscle and other pelvic floor muscles and periurethral striated muscles.
(2) Rehabilitation training: including active and passive combination training, template training, core muscle training, etc.
(3) Pelvic floor biofeedback training: collect the electromyography signals of the pelvic floor muscle groups through Lepu professional equipment, and at the same time feed these signals to the patient in the form of vision and hearing (such as graphics, animation, voice, etc.), so that the patient can guide the patient to enhance and control the autonomy of the pelvic floor muscles, promote pelvic floor blood circulation and tissue metabolism, promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the strength and endurance of the pelvic floor muscles, eliminate inflammation, relieve spasms and pain, restore the urinary control function of the pelvic floor muscles and normal bowel movements.
3. Advantages of pelvic floor biofeedback rehabilitation instrument
(1) Safety: non-invasive, painless, no need to take any drugs.
(2) Scientific: Collect the electromyography signals of the pelvic floor muscle groups through the pelvic floor electrode, amplify and process the weak signals that are not easy to perceive and provide feedback, and convert them into audio-visual signals, so that certain physiological activities can be perceived, and pelvic floor disorders can be evaluated and recorded accordingly. Then use a certain intensity of low-frequency pulses to stimulate nerves or muscles through pre-set stimulation programs, so that muscles tense or relax, to achieve a certain movement of paralyzed muscles, and then through learning and repeated practice, after being familiar with this physiological change, in turn to achieve self-control of pelvic floor activities and improve pelvic floor function.
(3) Effectiveness: The pelvic floor biofeedback rehabilitation instrument provides comprehensive and effective treatment to patients through the "assessment-treatment-evaluation" mode, and greatly improves the patient's condition after 1-2 courses of treatment.
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