Author: Rainbow Kursk
According to reports, the 2021 recruitment network registration officially began. Conscription refers to the recruitment of conscripted citizens to serve in the army for active service in accordance with the provisions of the Military Service Law. The state calls on young people who aspire to join the army and who are enthusiastic and loyal to the country.
From ancient times to the present, all dynasties and generations have had armies, and there have been conscripts. And this is an important item in the military systems of various dynasties. Let's find out now who can be a soldier in all the dynasties and dynasties of China!
Picture: Ning is a centurion, Katsusaku is a scholar.
The first is Xia Shang.
The Xia Dynasty was the beginning of China's class society, from which the state and its army emerged, and a military system that reflected the will of the ruling class also emerged. However, due to the lack of historical data, the military system of the Xia Dynasty is not recorded in detail. According to the Shang Shu Gan Oath, the Xia King controlled the army, and there were "six people" under it, which may indicate that the Xia King commanded the army and had different divisions of labor.
The xia dynasty's army was mainly composed of nobles and commoners, and slaves were generally not eligible to take up arms to fight.
The military system of the Shang Dynasty was inherited from the Xia Dynasty, but unlike the Xia Dynasty, which mainly recruited slave owners to organize personnel to fight, the Shang began to have the concept of a standing army, but the main body was also civilian soldiers.
The most famous slave war is the Battle of Muye, which was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty, and the Shang Dynasty had no army to send at this time, so it organized slaves and prisoners to fight, and finally was counterattacked by the slave army, and the Shang Dynasty perished.
Photo: During the Time of Xia Shang, when soldiers were a matter for nobles and commoners, armed slaves were likely to be counter-attacked.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, China began to have a formal military system on record.
As the saying goes, China's use of troops began with the Yellow Emperor, and the military system was prepared in the Zhou Dynasty.
The Zhou Set up the Grand Sima to command the troops of the world, and the police on all sides requisitioned the armies of the princes. Zhou Tianzi had six armies, the great country (Shanggong) had three armies, the sub-kingdom (Hou Bo) had two armies, and the small country (ZiNan) had one army. The Zhou Army was divided into army, division, brigade, pawn, two, and 6 units. Each army has 12,500 men, commanded by 1 general (secretary); 2,500 men per division, commanded by 1 division commander (Zhongdafu); 500 men per brigade, commanded by 1 commander (lower dafu); 100 men per squad, commanded by 1 pawn commander (sergeant); every 25 men, led by 1 Sima commander; and 5 men per regiment led by 1 commander.
Of course, because it was still a slave society, the core of the army was still the children of princes and nobles and the armored soldiers composed of civilians. The main reason for the war was the divided princes' armies. The most famous is the legendary "Princes of Beacon Theatre".
Photo: King Zhou You's "Beacon Theatre Princes", but some people believe that there was no "Beacon Fire" during the Zhou Dynasty.
The Zhou Dynasty is followed by the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the conscription system was adopted, and industry and commerce began to appear, but craftsmen and merchants had no military obligations, and the war was still dominated by hereditary nobles, as well as civilians, and the best people among the peasants could also choose to become soldiers.
Because the Warring States have been fighting one after another, it is no longer possible to maintain the conscription system that only nobles can become soldiers in the past, and the large and small nobles will die if they continue to fight. Moreover, in the Warring States period, it was a "war of annihilation", so all countries basically adopted the policy of all people being soldiers, using heavy profits as a lure to encourage soldiers to kill the enemy.
The most famous is, of course, the Qin Army of the Tiger and Wolf Division. After the Shang martingale reform, the State of Qin established a standing army and implemented the conscription system for the first time in Chinese history. All men who have attained the age of fifteen are required to register and serve in the military at any time.
Photo: Qin Jun of the Tiger and Wolf Division.
After the Qin unified China, the conscription system was still realized, and all men between the ages of seventeen and fifty-six had the obligation of military service.
However, during the Qin Dynasty, the main force of the Qin army was transferred to the border garrison, and the main force of the Qin army was difficult to return to the aid during the late Qin uprising, which eventually led to the empty strength of the qin dynasty in the center of the Qin Dynasty.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, at the beginning, because the war for hegemony between chu and Han had just ended, and there were xiongnu and other tigers, they also adopted a conscription system of all soldiers, and men who reached the age of twenty were registered, and began to serve in the military for two years at the age of twenty-three, and then returned home to become reserve soldiers to listen to conscription.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he began to adopt a conscription system, that is, it was divided into famous disciples, Shubian Tuntian and Bianbian Tuntian and Bianbing and Peasant Tun soldiers, surrendered foreign soldiers, and prisoner soldiers. The conscription system made the professionalization of soldiers more and more obvious, but since then, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the combat effectiveness of the army has become worse and worse, and the Han army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty has become unknown to the people and the soldiers have not won the war.
Photo: Those who commit crimes against strong men will be punished from afar.
During the Three Kingdoms and two Jin Dynasties, the Main Adopters were the hereditary military system, that is to say, the hereditary military service system, you became a soldier, your son also became a soldier, and your grandson also became a soldier.
During the Three Kingdoms period, in order to obtain sufficient military resources, the hukou was divided into ordinary households, Tuntian households, and military households. Military families specialize in military service for the state. Although this method provided soldiers for the various princes who competed for hegemony in the chaotic world of the Three Kingdoms, and when the soldiers fought and had food to eat, it was also a way of survival in the chaotic world. However, in the middle and late period of the two Jin Dynasties, only people with low status were willing to serve as soldiers for generations, and society at that time was also ashamed to be soldiers.
China's famous legend hua Mulan's father joined the army in the southern and northern dynasties, and the flower family is a military household that has been a soldier for generations.
Picture: Mulan's flower family in the army is a generation of military households.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the conscription system, the conscription system, and the hereditary military system were changed in the past, and the prefectural military system was adopted.
The prefectural military system was created in the Western Wei Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty.
The unity of the soldiers and the people is under the management of the military government, and there are all the people in the country who are responsible for the selection and training of the prefectural soldiers, and people of a certain age have the obligation of military service, but the prefectural soldiers need to be strictly selected. In peacetime, the soldiers of the prefectural government are scattered to work in agriculture, idle training, concentrated in wartime, self-supplied with weapons and horses for combat, and temporarily appoint generals. After the end of the war, they returned to their respective homes and returned to the DPRK.
Fu bing were exempt from various taxes during their military service, so before the middle of the Tang Dynasty, fu bing had a high social status, strong morale, and strong combat effectiveness.
The Tang Dynasty military system is equivalent to ensuring the source of soldiers for the ruling regime and reducing the military expenses of the ruling regime. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, land annexation became more and more serious, and the conscription targets of the prefectural soldiers were mainly the peasants of The Juntian, and with the destruction of the Juntian system, the prefectural military system lost the economic conditions on which it was based, and the situation of the flight of the prefectural soldiers was increasing, making it more difficult to dispatch conscription. The Tang Dynasty had to rely on local emissaries, laying the groundwork for the demise of the Tang Dynasty.
Photo: The Tang Dynasty was the most glorious peak of ancient China, and the army was also the first class of the time, and there is a description of the military system in the "Twelve Hours of Chang'an".
The Song Dynasty adopted a conscription system, recruiting forbidden soldiers throughout the country, that is, the regular army under the control of the imperial court. In addition, there are van soldiers subordinate to local governments, clan soldiers used for border guards, and militia township soldiers.
Therefore, Lin Chong's 800,000 Forbidden Army Sect Leader in "Water Margin" is not the Godhead of the Emperor's Guards army that we imagine, but the godhead in the regular army.
In addition to the normal recruitment of soldiers, the Song Dynasty also assigned a large number of robbers and prisoners to be soldiers, which is also described in the "Water Margin", and many brothers such as Wu Song and Lin Chong have been assigned.
In the late Song Dynasty, this method has made the people have no heart to love the army, the army has no desire to serve the country, the soldiers and bandits are not divided, the number of troops is large and the combat effectiveness is low! Against the Jin, Liao, and later mongols, there was no way to win. To recruit Fang La in the "Water Margin", he also needs to let the Liangshan bandit army help.
Picture: Lin Chong is the leader of the 800,000 Forbidden Army, which is the title of the regular army in the Song Dynasty era.
The Post-Song Dynasty was the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties basically adopted the military system based on the world military system.
The Yuan Dynasty designated the "Strong And Powerful House" as a military household, the Ming Dynasty recruited Zhuang Ding as a soldier, and the Qing Dynasty recruited all the children of the Eight Banners as soldiers, and the Han people could be recruited as soldiers. During the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, there were also militias, called "Minzhuang".
In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, the army under the hereditary military system of the Eight Banners could no longer fight, and finally had to rely on the army organized by the Han ministers, although there were also teams with strong combat effectiveness, but on the whole it was rotten to the point!
Photo: The Eight Banners were no longer effective at the end of the Qing Dynasty.
Photo: Han soldiers of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Beiyang government, the conscription system was mainly adopted. In 1915, the Provisional Army Conscription Regulations (Draft) were enacted, which divided military service into four types: standing, continuous, reserve, and national, but it was not implemented.
In fact, these conscription plans are a blank piece of paper, and all the warlords are self-recruited and do not abide by customization. If the marshal has money and a gun, he can recruit soldiers and buy horses. After the establishment of the National Government, the conscription system was still used, stipulating that men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and those who did not perform standing military service should perform national military service. Of course, these military systems are also empty words, and the forces on all sides still recruit their own soldiers.
Conscription is actually to catch Ding, also known as to grasp Zhuang Ding, and the quality of soldiers cannot be talked about.
Picture: Catching Zhuang Ding, pumping Zhuang Ding, and selling Zhuang Ding are the characteristics of the military system of the Republic of China.