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Patrolling 300 acres of fields, the original 3-day work can now be completed in less than 10 minutes.
The cultivation and harvesting of their own land are all handed over to others, and they only need to wait for the grain harvest at home.
No matter where you are, you can plant the land with your mobile phone, and it may not take long to achieve this goal.
Yutian is the only key county in our province that is a national agricultural socialization service innovation pilot county. There, through the whole process of agricultural socialization, these scenes are happening in real life.
Embrace new equipment: drones, "high horsepower", and "Beidou" have become landmarks
At 9 a.m. on April 20, Yutian County.
In the open space in front of the building of Yilian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., a DJI multispectral drone took off and flew to Bianjiapu Village, Yahongqiao Town, 15 kilometers away, to inspect a 300-acre wheat field there.
On March 28, Qi Xianrui, head of Yilian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., introduced the irrigation facilities of the managed farmland to reporters. Photo by Hebei Daily reporter Wei Yu
Fifteen minutes later, the drone flew over the wheat field in Bianjiapu Village, and the wheat seedlings were being jointed. The poles in the wheat field have been cut off to a little more than a person's height, and the wires are buried in the ground. This practice is to facilitate the operation of various types of drones.
With the remote operation of the operator in the county, the drone hovered over the wheat field, and in less than 10 minutes, the patrol of 300 acres of wheat field was completed.
Yilian is one of nearly 1,000 agricultural socialized service organizations in Yutian.
Yutian is a traditional agricultural county, known as the "granary of eastern Hebei", a large county for vegetable planting, and a large county for agricultural machinery. In 2023, Yutian will be identified as a key county in the national agricultural socialization service innovation pilot and the only county in the province to be selected. In the past two years, the scale of Yutian's agricultural socialization services has been expanding, and the agricultural service organizations have developed rapidly, with nearly 1,000 agricultural service organizations, most of which have mastered various advanced agricultural equipment such as drones.
With the rapid development of agricultural service organizations, the whole process of agricultural socialization services covering the whole chain of agricultural production is also emerging.
After the field patrol, the drone background system of Yilian in the county immediately generated a "prescription map". As you can see from the map, the wheat field is divided into different blocks, which are shown in different shades of red.
"This crimson area indicates that there is a bit of grass. This light-colored block indicates that the drought is high and it needs to be watered. Qi Xianrui, the person in charge of the company, pointed to the "prescription map" and introduced it to reporters.
The price of this drone is 40,000 yuan, and even Qi Xianrui himself felt "a little expensive" when he bought it, but when he really used it, he felt that it was worth it. "Drone patrol is really trouble-free, if you manually patrol the field, it takes 1 person 3 days to spend this field. Now, it's solved in less than 10 minutes. Moreover, the wheat grows taller and higher, and there are dead ends for people to patrol the fields, but drones do not have this problem. ”
In the warehouse of Yilian, there are also various drones used for spraying pesticides and fertilizing, a total of 26 units. "Nowadays, drones are a scientific and technological weapon for farming, and they are also the standard." Qi Xianrui said.
Farming technology also includes air-suction corn planters.
In the past two years, Yutian's agricultural service organizations have scrambled to purchase this corn seeder. In the spring of this year, Futu Shengjin Agricultural Machinery Farmer Cooperative spent 300,000 yuan to buy two.
There are seven or eight thousand ordinary corn seeders, and where is the "cow" of the air-suction corn seeder that is almost 20 times more expensive?
"The air-suction seeder sows seeds precisely, and only one seed per seedling saves seeds. What's more, its suction cup can screen seeds, suck up the full seeds, sow them in the ground, and the shriveled inferior seeds are directly eliminated. In addition, the machine can adjust the planting depth according to the undulations of the terrain. Jing Cunyu, the head of the cooperative, counts the benefits of the new planter.
If field patrol drones can significantly improve labor efficiency, the benefit of air-suction corn planters is to increase yield. "With an air-suction corn seeder, the seedling emergence rate can reach 99%, while the seedling emergence rate of the ordinary seeder is about 90% - conservative estimates, an acre of land can also be more than 100 catties of grain." Jing Cunyu said that when they sow seeds for farmers, the air-suction corn planter charges 5-10 yuan more per acre. "Even so, the farmers love the new machines."
In Yutian, the agricultural service organization not only has high-precision scientific and technological weapons, but also "giant" large machinery.
Huijun Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative was established in 2011, and in that year, Sun Guangtao, chairman of the cooperative, bought a 135-horsepower tractor. At that time, there were very few tractors with hundreds of horsepower. With this high-horsepower tractor, the cooperative's business continues to flow.
On April 8, Jing Cunyu of Futu Shengjin Agricultural Machinery Farmer Professional Cooperative drove a tractor to plow. Courtesy of Jing Cunyu
Having eaten the sweetness of "high horsepower", Sun Guangtao continued to upgrade his power machinery. Today, most of the tractors of the cooperative have been replaced with 220 horsepower. This giant tractor is one person tall on the rear wheel alone.
"This latest 220 horsepower tractor was newly bought this year, and the price is more than 800,000 yuan. After buying it back, the Beidou navigation system was additionally installed," Sun Guangtao said, he likes agricultural machinery, just like digital enthusiasts like electronic products, "I want to buy new ones when I see them." ”
At the base of the Huijun Cooperative, there are also subsoilers, harvesters, transport vehicles, dryers and other agricultural machinery. To sum it up in one word: big. "The farming efficiency of large agricultural machinery has increased exponentially, and good machines can really do good work." Sun Guangtao said.
In the past two years, in various agricultural service organizations in Yutian, the trend of large-scale agricultural machinery is very obvious. According to statistics, there are more than 3,000 large and medium-sized tractors in Yutian County, and more than 200 tractors with more than 200 horsepower, most of which are in the hands of agricultural service organizations.
"If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools. Advanced technology and high-horsepower machinery are valuable, but they are motivated to embrace new agricultural equipment because they can significantly improve agricultural productivity and increase output for large-scale agricultural service organizations. Pan Yongzhi, director of the Yutian County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, said.
Rush into the new track: people from all walks of life have the same way to "supplement the chain" and socialize the whole process
Sun Guangtao started as a farmer. In 2017, Huijun Cooperative was rated as a national agricultural machinery cooperative demonstration society. The medal now hangs prominently in his office.
Sun Guangtao, who was born as a machine operator, has been working in the field of agricultural machinery for many years, and the cooperative has occupied a place in the local market by virtue of its early entry into the industry and advanced equipment. However, in recent years, with the rapid increase of agricultural service organizations, Sun Guangtao feels that profit margins are becoming more and more limited.
"A machine operator, as long as he has a farm machine, can do it himself. As more and more individuals and organizations engage in socialized agricultural services, competition becomes quite fierce. In order to win from the competition, in addition to expanding the scale of services, we must expand the service content, from a single agricultural machinery service to the whole process of agricultural socialization services. Sun Guangtao said.
Since 2018, Huijun Cooperative has gradually increased the supply of agricultural materials on the basis of agricultural machinery services, focusing on the purchase of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides and other agricultural materials; Increase agricultural technical services and guide farmers in scientific farming. Last year, the cooperative began to provide services for the storage, drying and purchase of grain. So far, the socialized services of agriculture have basically achieved full coverage.
"After switching to full-process socialized services, the profit points are dispersed to multiple links, which enhances the competitiveness of cooperatives." Sun Guangtao said that providing the whole package service can also save farmers a lot of trouble, and farmers are more willing to trust their land to them.
Different from the agricultural machinery of the Huijun Cooperative, Yutian Fengtianbao Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. is a scientific and technological enterprise engaged in soil remediation and organic fertilizer production. The company has advanced technology in pest control, grain production and other aspects, and provides technical service guidance for farmers all year round.
On April 8th, the deep turner of Futu Shengjin Agricultural Machinery Farmer Professional Cooperative was ready to go to the ground. Courtesy of Jing Cunyu
After realizing the market potential of agricultural socialized services, Fengtianbao Company set up a team this year to complete the service projects with technical services as the core and build a full socialized service chain. At present, the company has signed agreements with 4 villages to provide full agricultural socialization services for 5,000 acres of farmland.
Today, among the nearly 1,000 agricultural service organizations in Yutian, there are not only those who started with machines like the Huijun Cooperative, but also agricultural science and technology enterprises like Fengtianbao Company, as well as those engaged in agricultural materials and agricultural product processing...... People from all walks of life have "replenished the chain" and moved towards the whole process of agricultural socialization services, which is not only based on supply-side considerations, but also objectively existing practical needs, not to mention the guidance and support of the government.
In recent years, the age of the mainland's agricultural labor force has increased further. Yutian is located in the eastern Hebei region with a developed manufacturing industry, with a small number of middle-aged people engaged in agriculture, a prominent shortage of agricultural labor, and a strong demand for full-process agricultural socialization services in rural areas.
Yilian was originally a company that produced wild vegetable products. At first, in order to control the quality of raw materials, Yilian began to explore cooperation with farmers to grow wild vegetables and wheat. "The more I worked, the more I felt that the whole process of agricultural socialization services had a 'head', so I began to devote myself to this field in 2021 to provide farmers with full agricultural socialization services." Qi Xianrui said.
The whole process of agricultural socialization service is very attractive to farmers, and also provides the possibility of full land trusteeship. At present, the land under the trusteeship of Huijun Cooperative and Yilian Company is about 20,000 mu.
Large-scale operation has directly brought about a decrease in agricultural planting costs.
"Our company has a professional purchasing team, and we are sensitive to information in terms of quality and price of agricultural materials. Moreover, we purchase in large quantities and have great bargaining power when negotiating with distributors. Qi Xianrui said.
Under the full trusteeship, the agricultural service organization is also more motivated to use advanced agricultural machinery and equipment and the latest agricultural technology to reduce costs and increase profits. This can not only bring profits to the agricultural service organization, but also benefit the farmers.
After the autumn harvest in 2022, Yilian discussed with the people of Bianjiapu Village and planned to trust the land of the whole village. At that time, the common people were not familiar with land trusteeship, and the negotiations were progressing very slowly.
"At that time, I proposed to sign a 'VAM agreement' with the people, and if we lost money, we would be given a guarantee of 900 yuan per mu of land, which was not lower than the local land contract price. If we make money, we will share it with the people. Qi Xianrui said.
After taking over the 600 acres of land in Bianjiapu Village, Yilian carried out large-scale operation, and the cost of farming was greatly reduced. In the winter of that year, wheat in the Yutian area suffered frost damage and the yield was greatly reduced. However, Yilian uses a new type of biomass fertilizer produced by Fengtianbao Company in the wheat field of Bianjiapu, which can increase the ground temperature and protect the wheat from frost damage while increasing soil fertility. "In the coldest part of winter, the sip ferments in the wheat fields, and the steam is steaming." Qi Xianrui recalled.
In June of the following year, the wheat harvest in Bianjiapu Village exceeded 1,500 catties per mu - an increase of at least 300 catties compared with previous years. In October, after the corn harvest, it came to the day of the final sharing, according to the "gambling agreement", the people of Bianjiapu Village earned about 1,500 yuan per mu, and Yilian planed the cost of farming, and the profit per mu was about 600 yuan.
This is how the whole process of agricultural socialization service of Yilian is called.
Bringing new perspectives to the cultivation of the best soil for modern agricultural service enterprises
In fact, the process of socializing agricultural services has not been smooth sailing.
"In the years when I was only a machine operator, I often encountered such a problem, the seed emergence rate was not good, the farmers were unhappy, and they went to the seed seller, and the seed seller said that the responsibility was on the person who turned the ground, and the person who turned the ground said that there was a problem in the sowing process. Everyone passed the buck to each other, and in the end it became a confused account, and it was the peasants who lost. Sun Guangtao said.
"Volume" is also a big problem that Yutian's agricultural service organization has encountered.
As a large agricultural machinery county, in the past 10 years, Yutian has experienced a process of a large number of agricultural service organizations. However, the service standards of different organizations are inconsistent, and the service level is uneven, especially the problem of low-price competition.
In order to solve these problems, in October 2022, under the guidance of the Yutian County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Yutian established the Agricultural Socialization Service Association. The association has set a guiding price standard to avoid vicious competition between organizations. Then, the standards for the management and harvesting of agricultural socialized services were formulated, and there were detailed regulations on such things as the depth of cultivated land, the amount of underground seeds per mu, and the seedling emergence rate. The standard is even refined to the point that the stubble left over from harvesting wheat cannot be higher than 15 cm.
Under the constraints of price standards and service standards, today, Yutian's agricultural service organization and operation are gradually becoming standardized.
An important factor contributing to the benign development of agricultural service organizations is the promotion of whole-process agricultural socialization services. "The whole process of trusteeship means that the agricultural service organization is responsible for the final harvest. In a sense, the agricultural service organization is farming for itself. Passing the buck and not serving seriously is naturally meaningless. Chen Tiecheng, president of the association and chairman of Fengtianbao Company, said.
The whole process of agricultural socialization service also provides the best soil for cultivating new farmers and cultivating modern agricultural service enterprises.
In Yutian, if you ask who is the best person at farming, before the emergence of a large number of agricultural service organizations, the answer is a machine operator. But now, the answer has become a farm service organization.
"The whole process of agricultural socialization services will make it more and more difficult for machine operators or individual service providers who have mastered a single skill to survive, whether active or passive, individual service providers need to learn new knowledge, rearm themselves, and transform to organization. The agricultural service organization also needs to be upgraded and a modern enterprise system has been established. Jia Chungang, deputy director of the Yutian County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, said.
The Yutian County Agricultural Socialization Service Association has introduced accounting services, legal services, financial services, etc., to serve the agricultural service organization. "The person in charge of our agricultural service organization, some of whom are from machine operators, and some are from 'soil experts', do not know much about the modern financial system, do not know how to file taxes, and do not know much about legal knowledge. They need guidance and learning about business management. Chen Tiecheng said.
Chen Tiecheng said that there is such a reason why the association elected him as president. "Fengtianbao is a state-level high-tech enterprise and has established a perfect modern enterprise system. Fengtianbao's enterprise management experience can be used as a reference for the majority of agricultural service organizations to help them move towards formalization. ”
The whole process of trusteeship also provides the possibility of "turning small fields into large fields" and centralized and contiguous land management.
Last year, the Huijun Cooperative managed 3,500 acres of land in Taizhangzhuang Village, Hongqiao Town. Before the trusteeship, the farmers and land in Taizhangzhuang Village were relatively scattered, this family had three points of land, that family had five points of land, and there were "patch land" and "palm fields" everywhere.
"Scattered plots are difficult to operate, the operation cost is high, and the land utilization rate is low. To be honest, when the operator heard that it was such a plot, he was reluctant to come if he gave more money. Sun Guangtao said.
After taking over the land in Taizhangzhuang Village, the Huijun Cooperative connected the fragmented and scattered land, and merged the small fields into large fields, greatly improving the cultivation efficiency and yield per mu. "In the future, we also plan to break the land boundary on the entrusted land and remove the excess ridges, so as to increase the land area and improve the production efficiency." Sun Guangtao said. (Hebei Daily reporter Wei Yu Zhu Yanbing)
Journalists observe
Farmer children and the future of agriculture
In Yutian, an "equipment competition" of agricultural machinery is in full swing.
The wide application of agricultural drones has only been a few years, and the DJI drones of the Huijun Agricultural Machinery Farmers Professional Cooperative have been used in the seventh generation; In Futu Shengjin Agricultural Machinery Farmer Cooperative, the high-horsepower tractor priced at nearly one million yuan is bought immediately if you like it; In Yilian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., more than 80 large and medium-sized tractors are all equipped with Beidou navigation system.
In the eyes of agricultural service organizations, advanced agricultural equipment and agricultural technology are hard-hitting "productivity", as long as one buys it, other organizations will quickly follow up. For example, reel sprinkler irrigation machine, in one or two years, almost all the large-scale agricultural service organizations are complete.
When talking to people from agricultural service organizations, one of the most common words heard is "standard". UAVs are standard, Beidou navigation is standard, and agricultural big data is also standard.
With the support of modern technology and equipment, and under the guidance of policies, the future of agriculture is becoming a reality around us.
In the final analysis, the modernization of agriculture is inseparable from the modernization of people.
In Yutian, many operators and practitioners of today's agricultural service organizations are agricultural mechanics.
Qi Xianrui, the person in charge of Yilian Company, was born in 1981, and his father drove a walk-behind tractor in his early years. But Qi Xianrui, who was born in the countryside, didn't like farming since he was a child, "Guarding a few acres of his own land, a bead of sweat fell eight petals, and he didn't have much income all year round." ”
The fathers of Sun Guangtao and Sun Guangqiang, who are also born in the 80s, are also agricultural mechanics, and these two "second generation machines" "followed their father to drive a tractor to engage in cross-regional operations as soon as they graduated from high school", and have been working in the agricultural socialization service for more than 20 years.
Jing Cunyu, head of Futu Shengjin Agricultural Machinery Farmer Cooperative, was born in 1998, and his father drove a 110-horsepower tractor when he was a child. As a generation that has never worried about food and clothing, Xiao Jing likes agriculture. "When I was a child, I watched TV and saw that the modern farms abroad were all large machinery, and one person could plant thousands of acres of land, which was enviable."
In today's Yutian, farming is no longer a bitter errand, and it is not uncommon for an agricultural service organization to operate tens of thousands of acres of land.
Qi Xianrui, who once didn't like farming, went to big cities, engaged in sales, and entered Internet companies. When he realized the opportunity to develop modern agriculture, he chose to return to the countryside and took the lead in intervening in the field of agricultural socialized services with a company system.
The Sun brothers, who "have never worked for a day or been a traditional farmer for a day", invested more than 200,000 yuan to buy two of them when DJI produced the first generation of agricultural drones. At that time, there was no operating standard, they spread a piece of paper that changed color when exposed to water on the ground, one person operated a drone to spray, and one person recorded the density of water droplets falling on the paper, and repeated experiments to calculate the optimal flight altitude and spraying amount.
Jing Cunyu, who graduated from junior college, returned to the village to devote himself to agriculture, and successfully took over the agricultural cooperative founded by his father, becoming a new farmer who drove a "million-dollar luxury car" with Beidou navigation.
From the "second generation of machines" to professional farmers, from Qi Xianrui, the Sun brothers to Jing Cunyu, the changes in the mental journey and life trajectory of these peasant children may be regarded as the epitome of our agricultural modernization along the way, and the socialized service of agriculture that they are now engaged in together is outlining a clearer path to modern agriculture.
In this land where our ancestors worked hard, under the drones and Beidou navigation tractors controlled by these "second generations", in their active exploration, modern agriculture has accelerated.
Text/Hebei Daily reporter Wei Yu
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