Si Zhidi, now located in the Qiankou Folk House Mingyuan, is the ancestral hall built by the Wang family of Qianchuan Wang in the eighth year of Ming Hongzhi (1495) to worship Wang Shan. Three two-room brick and timber structure quadrangle-style hall building. The width is 8.56 meters, the depth is 13.83 meters, and the construction area is 122.5 square meters.
Wang Shan is the ninth ancestor of the Qianchuan Wang family's Jinzi clan, and he was a jinshi in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406). The Republic of China's "Shexian Chronicles" contains: "Wang Shan, the word is at the beginning, and he is a hidden person." In the middle of the matter, the performance does not avoid the powerful, and the gentlemen are afraid of it. Not a few, out of Yiling Prefecture, tired of moving Yongzhou Mansion with the same knowledge, diligent in the word, there is a good style. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the "official department gave the matter" as the official of the official department, and the name of the "division of the department" should be due to this.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was registered as collective property, and since the 60s of the 20th century, it has been used as a grain processing factory in the village. The gatehouse and two corridors have been demolished, and the dormitory is also facing many dangers and continuous damage caused by unreasonable use.
Although the building as a whole is badly damaged, the dormitory part, especially the wooden frame, is relatively well preserved. The typical Ming Dynasty hall beam structure retains the legacy of Song and Yuan Dynasty architecture, and it is also a precious object to study the evolution of Huizhou dougong after the Song and Yuan dynasties. In September 1981, the division was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Anhui Province.
There are many related historical materials such as inscriptions and genealogies. In 1986, it was relocated and restored to the Ming Dynasty residential complex for centralized protection.
The original site is the original appearance
Si Ji Di was originally located in Qiankou Village, Qiankou Town, Huizhou District. Qiankou Village is the seat of the town government of Qiankou Town, Huizhou District, and is the entrance to the Yellow Mountain in the south of Gulai River, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangxi and other regions, and is named after Tao Qian, a great poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who once lived in seclusion here. The village is an ancient cultural village with a history of more than 1,000 years, and is one of the main villages inhabited by the Wang family in ancient Huizhou. After the Wang family moved in in the Song Dynasty, it entered a period of great development, and the Ming and Qing dynasties were prosperous. Now there are many ancient architectural relics in the village, such as the Golden Purple Temple, Xunfeng Tower, Enbao IV Shifang, and Sanyanjing. Qiankou Old Street used to be known as "Ancestral Street", and there are more than 30 ancestral halls with surnames such as Wang, Hu and Cheng, including the Golden Purple Temple, the Ancestral Hall, and the Si Zhidi.
The Qiankou Wang clan is mainly divided into two branches: the lower market and the middle market. During the Song and Yuan dynasties (1086~1094), Wang Shuao, the 66th ancestor of the Wang family, moved from Tang Mo to Qiankou Xiashi and was the ancestor of Qiankou Xiashi (that is, the Jinzi Clan). Subsequently, Wang Shijun, the 68th ancestor of the Wang family, also moved from Tangmo to Qiankou Zhong City, and was the ancestor of Qiankou Zhong City (that is, the Dun family). Wang Shan is the ninth ancestor of the Qianchuan Wang family's Jinzi clan, and he was a jinshi in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406). In the middle of the hall hangs the plaque of the Ming Chengzu edict of the fourth year of Yongle. The plaque is 154.5 cm long, 82 cm wide and 9 cm thick, with solid wood panels and gold characters on a black background. The text said: "The emperor's edict to Jinshi Wang Shan: I only have the learning of sages and sages, and it will never end." Virtue is a great success, and it must be long-lasting. Er's achievements are able to write, and he is recommended. Looking at the perfunctory words, I sighed deeply. I hereby order to return to my hometown, in order to become a virtuous industry, and I am expecting it. Don't be complacent and arrogant, don't be self-indulgent. Erudite interrogation, careful thinking. The line has not arrived, Xi Shengxi Xian. If I have a life, I will come to the court. Oh yes! Therefore. March 25, the fourth year of Yongle. Wang Shanzhong Jinshi was blessed that year, "returning to his hometown to become virtuous". Whether he is in Beijing or in Zhizhou, he has a good voice.
Ming Chengzu edict plaque (third-class cultural relics, now stored in the Qiankou Folk House Museum)
Wang Shan once repaired the Golden Purple Temple in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. In the "Qianchuan Golden Purple Ancestral Hall" written by Xu Guo, the secretary of the Ming Dynasty Rite Department, there are written records such as "At the beginning of Yongle in the country, the descendants gave things good a repair", "In Yongle, the priest admonished Wang Shan's precepts to return to the cultivation of rituals" and other written records.
After Wang Shan's five grandsons were prosperous, he built the ancestral ancestral hall of "to worship the doctor" in order to complete his father's unfinished ambition. The original red granite inscription in the ancestral hall "Fengzheng Doctor Wang Gong Ancestral Hall" side, there is a clear record of this: "...... Then in the first right clean land side, build three halls, the wings to two, the front is three doors, and the wall is around, to worship the doctor...... Although this is not the ancestral hall of the Wang clan, the ancestral hall of the family, so that there is a family all have an ancestral hall, in order to worship its first, then the law of the small sect is carried out...... "Ming Hongzhi thirteen years (1500) to build this house to erect the inscription, carved for the red granite, and then the neighbor took the stone to make the stone pillar along the door, the text was chiseled a lot, can not be repaired.
Si Ji Di is located at No. 56 Qiankou Old Street, facing southwest, facing the street. There are houses on the right and at the rear. On the left is Muci Lane, close to Wu Jianhua's house. Wu Mansion is also a Ming Dynasty residential building, according to the direction recorded in the inscription, it should be the ancestral residence of the master of the first division.
In front of the gate of the ancestral hall, there was originally hung a plaque of the thirteenth year of Hongzhi's "Si Zhidi"; There is a four-character plaque on the forehead of the bright room, "Jinjie High Standard". It is now missing.
In order to facilitate the transportation of grain and the locking of the door of the processing plant, the gate was changed to a four-panel wooden row door. In addition to preserving part of the exterior walls, the original internal structure of the gate house and corridor was basically demolished. The gatehouse was filled with wooden straw frames, corridors and patio pools, and wooden sheds were erected, and the courtyard became a place for grain processing and temporary storage. The guardrails of the patio pool were all missing, and when the patio was excavated, some of the railing components were found.
The wooden frame of the dormitory is relatively intact as a whole. Because of roof leakage and rainwater erosion, there is local mildew and decay, especially the lack of the front eaves column in the west room, and the eaves are rotten, which is completely supported by wooden supports. After the gold seam room, the original decoration and partition screen decoration, now lost. Behind the screen, the stone shrine seat is basically complete.
The original site corridor supports wooden sheds, column head bucket arches, and Sumeru seats of the shrine of Xiangtang
The dormitory, where grain processing machines are located, has been replaced with a concrete floor and a cement pier for supporting machinery. The large square bricks on the ground are not visible.
The wall of the ancestral hall, the front door house part of the house has been basically demolished, the outer wall of the corridor has also been demolished for the most part, and the second half of the dormitory wall is relatively complete. The exterior wall is a hard hill and decorated with brick style boards. The roof hook is broken. Damage to roof ridges and trims.
Characteristics of the current situation
Si Ji Di is located in the center of Ming Yuan Villa, sitting west to east. It is composed of an entrance hall, two courtyards, a patio and a hall.
1 foyer
The foyer has three bays, three purlins and two step frames, double water, green tile roof, and bright roof, which is higher than the two overhangs. The second hard mountain, decorated with mixed water and Bo wind. The roof and the ridge are all raised, forming a jagged appearance, and the two bricks on the main ridge are used as the flower ridge line, and the end is set up with the fish-kissed beast.
There are three red granite five-step steps in front of the door, and the floor is 80 cm high above the gate and outside the square. The columns in the building are all shuttle columns, and there is a raspberry column base under the column. A partition wall is built between the spine of the foyer, which divides the front and rear eaves into two spaces, the entrance porch in the front and the foyer in the back. The back eaves of the secondary room are connected with the corridor to form an inner patio; On the central axis, there is a gate, a red granite drum, and the base is in the form of a Sumeru seat. The gate is a double-open brick-inlaid drum nailed panel door, and the side doors on both sides are double-open solid wooden doors.
The front eaves and rear eaves of the entrance hall are provided with moon beams between the pillars, and the materials are huge. Liang Mei is carved with a single line, in the shape of a crescent, the head of the beam is arched under the head of the Ding, the four petals are rolled up, the arch is carved with a flower, and the beam tenon is tightly pinned with a plum blossom shape; The tween is paved on the moon beam, two flowers in the heart, and one flower remains. The eaves pillar is out of the two jumps and inserts the arch, the second jump counts, supports the Luohan fang, and the eaves fang picks out the roof, and there are no flying rafters. The front and back corridors are all covered with water rafters, and the columns are connected by moon beams and columns between the columns, and the upper back is covered with cloud wave pattern hump, and the gold purlin is applied.
2 Houses and patios
Two single rooms, one covered with water. The second eaves of the entrance hall are erected on the moon beam, the second eaves of the dormitory are also erected on the moon beam, the moon beam is set between the two Shu columns, the eaves purlin is beared, and the Shu pillar is out of the two jumps and inserts the arch to support the Luohan fang, and the eaves fang is raised to pick the roof, forming the corridor on the south and north sides.
The patio is centered on a long pool built of red stone masonry, with a depth of 1.26 meters, and a single-hole arch bridge in the middle to form two rectangular pools, surrounded by stone carved railings. The balustrade is carved.
3 Xiangtang
Enjoy the hall with three bays, made through the Ming, the bright beam lifting type, and the gable beam frame between the two times is the bucket type. The shuttle pillars are covered with linen and gray, black lacquer, and have a raspberry-shaped red stone pillar base. The T-shaped arch eye is carved with a flower, and the scroll brake is obvious. The ground is paved diagonally.
The moon beam is set between the eaves pillars in front of the bright room of the dormitory, and the tween is paved with two flowers on the beam, and the golden purlin is carried out after the overhang bucket arch. The front eaves column is out of the two jumps and inserts the arch, out of the head, supports the arhat fang, and the eaves fang out of the roof, and there are no flying rafters. The arch and tween are all oblique arches, and a jump on the Chinese arch comes out of the 45 ° oblique arch and the melon seed arch. The oblique arch is one of the architectural features of the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, and is also often used in the Ming Dynasty residences in Huizhou, commonly known as the magpie's nest. The eaves of the first hall of the division are preserved, and the relics of the Song Dynasty are preserved, and the upper ang rides on the jumping Chinese arch, and there is a maple arch.
Ming room lifting beam type five beams on the carved flat disc bucket pair, the bucket stands on the Shu column, the Shu pillar and the front gold column, the rear gold pillar is provided with a single step beam, the Shu pillar is connected by three beams, the beam stands flat plate bucket and the Shu pillar bearing spine purlin, the two sides of the Shu column, set up the special-shaped grass curling fork hand, and the beam head is set up under the Ding head arch. The second room of the dormitory steps forward with the bright room, the spine falls to the ground, and the columns of the side columns are connected by the column fang, the fang is decorated with a reed wall, and the following fang and the ground stone are applied to the board wall. In front of the dormitory, the golden pillar is decorated with a bucket arch and a starry wind window, the eaves of the dormitory are purlins, and the Ding head arch is a heavy arch. The rear eaves purlins are on both sides of the gables.
Behind the dormitory, there is a partition door between the golden pillars, behind the door is the red stone masonry shrine seat, the shrine seat is 1.6 meters high, the Sumeru seat carved from red granite is divided into upper and lower two layers, there are bunch lotus and bamboo patterns, and the carving process is exquisite.
The roof purlin is applied to the rafters, the rafters are supported by wooden rafters, the rafters are paved with square bricks, and the bricks are covered with small green tiles. The gable is made of green bricks. The inner wall of the retaining wall is flat with the column frame on the east side, and then the wall is erected with blue bricks to decorate the wall, and the wall is whitewashed with lime.
Cultural relics value
Si Ji Di is a typical Ming Dynasty folk ancestral hall building, a classic example of Huizhou family ancestral hall, with high historical and cultural value. Huizhou ancestral halls are generally divided into general ancestral halls, branch ancestral halls, and family (house) ancestral halls. Worship the first ancestor or the ancestor of the ancestral hall for the ancestral hall, after the branch, a branch of a certain hall built another for the ancestral hall, a family built for their ancestors for the ancestral hall for the ancestral hall, also known as the incense house. The background and content of the ancestral hall are detailed and examinable, and the historical value of its inscription and plaque is high, which is a precious example of studying the ancestral hall of Huizhou.
The architectural style of the Ming Dynasty is remarkable, and the architectural relics and rhythm of the Song and Yuan dynasties are clearly visible, which is one of the representative buildings to study the early style characteristics of ancient buildings in Huizhou. Si Ji Di was built in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the building shuttle column, raspberry column base, moon beam, 45 ° paving, lotus tray, carved skid, mortley and other components, in the architectural style to retain the charm of the Song and Yuan Dynasty to create the ancient law; The bright room of the dormitory is used with five beams to add a single step forward, set up a corridor, do not use the roll shed, add the milk tree between the corridor column and the eaves column, and pull it, and the practice of the Song hall is similar.
The style of the dougong is ancient, with distinct characteristics of the times, and it is a precious object of the evolution of the dougong after the Song and Yuan dynasties. The outer eaves tween is paved with five outward jumps to make a double copy, and the oblique arch bears the fang. A jump head transversely Shi Feng arch, in the transfer with the upper ang, the tail from the heart of the bucket, the head up, straight to the four jumps of the fight, on the Arhat fang. The cross-cut opening of the interactive bucket, the horizontal also out of the melon seed arch; Longitudinal four jump roll head, pick a single cloud "play head", play head and four copy of the tail of the Chinese arch intersect, a jump head transversely out of the maple arch. The maple arch is a wing-shaped bucket arch evolved from the horizontal arch, inclined outward, used as early as the Tang Dynasty, the Song and Yuan dynasties were used, and there was no carving.
The first maple arch of the division is like a flowing cloud flying roll, the shape is exquisite, the carved ornament is clear, showing the fashion of the Ming Dynasty. "Constructing the French Style" divides the main components of the dougong combination into two categories, namely the lower and the upper. From the functional point of view, the role of the upper ang is the opposite of the lower ang, which is specially applied to the inner jump of the hall body groove and the outer eaves of the flat seat, and is suitable for effectively increasing the total height of the paving in a short jumping distance to create a special structure of a certain internal space. It is relatively rare in the large wooden works of the Ming Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River, and it is a precious object to study the evolution of the dougong after the Song and Yuan dynasties.
Relocation works
1 Relocation process
On October 10, 1986, the two corridors of the first front of the division were demolished;
On October 20, 1986, the foundation of the Qiankou residential site began;
On March 16, 1987, the wooden frame of the dormitory was demolished;
On March 26, 1987, the patio pool was excavated;
On April 16, 1987, the erection of the roof truss of the dormitory began on the new site;
On April 27, 1987, the roof truss was erected;
On August 2, 1987, the advance and two erection of roof trusses;
In May 1988, the restoration project was completed.
Dismantle the Chinese arch, beam head, fork hand, cornice bucket arch
2 Relocation to a new location
The relocation site is located in the middle of Mingyuan Villa, a private house in Qiankou, which is in the core area of the ancient buildings with a relatively gentle terrain. The building sits in the west and faces east, leans on the scale, opens a stone square in front of the door, and goes down the stone stairs in front to Wu Jianhua's house in front. Wu Jianhua's house is the residence of the master of Si Zhidi, and at the same time, the two buildings were relocated to the Qiankou house for centralized protection, and stood next to each other before and after, strengthening the attributes of the Huizhou family ancestral hall.
There is a stone road leading to the square Guantian house in the north; After turning the house on the southbound path, connect the Shanhua Pavilion and the Leshan Hall up and down the stone stairs.
Restoration of the site
3 Maintenance points
(1) The foyer has been demolished, but the foundation has not been changed, buried under the existing floor, after the excavation to find out the structure and shape of the original foundation site, according to the "Fengzheng Doctor Wang Gong Ancestral Hall Record" describes "three halls, two wings, three doors in front and the wall of the periphery", combined with the site site, the remains of the survey, according to the construction drawings, restore the two and the instrument gate. Through interviews with relevant local people, the construction drawings were used as the design of the two-figure wall outside the porch, but finally abandoned due to lack of reasonable basis. There are records that the original stone lion and archway in front of the middle gate, because there is no physical object, there is no trace to be examined, and it is not restored.
(2) The original patio pool has been filled, and the site excavation is known to be a deep pool, and the aisle is a single-hole arch bridge, and there are stone railings around the pool. According to the size of the excavation, the stone wall, the bottom of the pool, the stone arch bridge, the stone railing, etc. were restored according to the construction drawings.
(3) During the excavation of the foundation, the remnants of the original square bricks were found at the front and corner of the Xiangtang shrine, and they were ordered to the ancient building materials factory according to the specifications and sizes of the square bricks.
(4) The screen partition door in front of the shrine is restored according to the Ming Dynasty architecture in the style of the partition door of the Kanluo Dongshu Temple.
(5) The roof ridge adopts the method of flower plate ridge, and the flower board and other components are fired with reference to the Shanhua Pavilion flower plate style, and the kiss beast is enlarged according to the proportion of Shanhua Pavilion Zhengqi.
4 Engineering information
There are mainly original surveying and mapping, photos, construction drawings, etc., and there is no survey and maintenance design text and as-built data.
Survey Drawings – Floor Plans
Surveying and mapping
Restoration of construction drawings – floor plans
Restoration of construction drawings
This article was edited by Lei Ying and Wang Lei, and was excerpted from Wang Hongming, Hu Shunzhi, editor-in-chief, Qiankou Residential Museum, and the first section of the "Hidden Mode of Preservation of Ancient Buildings in Huizhou: Relocation and Repair Project of Hidden Houses (all 2 volumes)". The content has been abridged and adjusted.