Recently, there was news that a mother with mania threw her 3-year-old son from the 22nd floor, causing the child to die on the spot. What is the reason for this mother's excesses? In fact, to be kind to others, you should first be kind to yourself!
So what is mania? What is bipolar disorder?
1. What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar disorder, is a serious mental illness that belongs to a type of mood disorder that refers to a disorder that combines both manic and depressive episodes. It is a severe mental illness that alternates between mania and depression. The etiology of bipolar disorder is unknown, and many biological, psychological, and social environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis.
Manic episodes and depressive episodes are the two main features of bipolar disorder.
Mania: Typical symptoms include heightened emotions, racing thoughts, and increased verbal movements. It is mainly characterized by high emotion or irritability, accompanied by increased energy, increased speech, and increased activity, and in severe cases, psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and nervousness.
Depression: Depression is a common mental illness, which is mainly manifested as low mood, decreased interest, pessimism, slow thinking, lack of initiative, self-blame, poor diet and sleep, worrying that you have various diseases, feeling unwell in many parts of the body, and in severe cases, suicidal thoughts and behaviors may occur.
2. What are the clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder?
The clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder are mainly manic manifestations at one stage of life, and depression at another stage, sometimes with both manic and depressive symptoms.
Bipolar disorder is likely if the patient has had a previous episode of mania or depression and then has another episode of mania or depression.
3. How to use medication for bipolar disorder?
Prescription drugs are mainly mood stabilizers:
1. The first class of atypical antipsychotic drugs, such as quetiapine, olanzapine;
Quetiapine:
(1) It is used for various types of schizophrenia, which is not only effective for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but also has a certain effect on the negative symptoms.
(2) It can also alleviate the affective symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as depression, anxiety and cognitive deficits.
Olanzapine:
(1) Olanzapine is suitable for the treatment of schizophrenia.
(2) For patients who respond to the initial treatment of olanzapine, consolidation therapy can effectively maintain the improvement of clinical symptoms.
(3) Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes.
(4) In patients with manic episodes who are effective in the treatment of olanzapine, olanzapine can prevent the recurrence of bipolar disorder.
2. The second type of lithium salts, the most commonly used lithium carbonate;
Lithium carbonate:
It is mainly used for the treatment of mania, and has a good effect on the treatment and prevention of recurrence of bipolar psychotic disorder with alternating episodes of mania and depression, and also has a preventive effect on recurrent depression. It is also used to treat schizo-affective psychosis.
3. The third category belongs to sodium valproate, such as sodium valproate, totai and carbamazepine.
sodium valproate:
(1) This product is used for the treatment of generalized epilepsy: including absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, atonic seizures and mixed seizures, special types of syndromes, etc.
(2) Partial epilepsy is suitable for: simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and partial secondary generalized seizures.
(3) Mania: used to treat manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
Carbamazepine:
(1) 癫痫:
Partial seizures: complex partial seizures, simple partial seizures, and secondary generalized seizures.
Generalized seizures: tonic, clonus, tonic-clonic seizures.
(2) Prevention or treatment of manic-depressive disorder: manic-depressive or intolerant of lithium, antipsychotics, antidepressants, can be used alone or in combination with lithium and other antidepressants.
These drugs are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but antidepressants are generally not recommended because antidepressants can have a manic effect to some extent, and antidepressants can be used in small amounts if the patient's depression is very severe, such as refusal to eat, silence or even repeated suicide.
For example, new antidepressants, such as paroxetine and bupropion, are commonly used, and if the patient is found to have signs of mania, the antidepressant should be stopped immediately.
4. Can bipolar disorder be cured?
Clinically, bipolar disorder is a very serious mental disorder. During the attack, the patient has a certain danger and even needs to be hospitalized. At present, patients are mainly treated with specialized emotion stabilizers, and the treatment effect is obvious, and the cure rate is as high as 40%-60%. However, because it is prone to recurrence, the consolidation period is relatively long, and some even up to a year. If the drug is discontinued if the course of treatment is incomplete, the recurrence rate is as high as 80% to 90%. Therefore, patients must follow the doctor's instructions and strictly follow the treatment guidelines for adequate amount and adequate course of treatment.
Reviewer: Ji Bo, chief pharmacist of the Southern Theater General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
Author: Pharmacist in charge of the Southern Theater General Hospital, Qiu Guoli, Tan Kaili