Abstract:With the introduction of the new concept of "Industry 4.0" and the continuous promotion of the "intelligent manufacturing" strategy, the demand for industrial automation is becoming more and more intense, and the demand for industrial robots is increasing year by year. As one of the core components of industrial robots, the server has also ushered in a broad space for development, and the market scale has been expanding. In 2022, the market size of China's industrial robot servo system will reach 3.545 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.6%, accounting for 17% of the total servo system market size. In the future, with the further improvement of the penetration rate of industrial robots, the scale of industrial robot servo systems will reach 7.86 billion yuan in 2026, and the proportion will increase year by year.
1. Definitions and Classification
Servo system is a general term for the equipment that enables the terminal execution structure of the system to realize dimensional actions including displacement, speed and torque according to the control instructions. Servo system can generally be divided into hydraulic servo system, electrical servo system, pneumatic servo system according to the different working methods of the actuators, and the electrical servo system is the most widely used at present.
The servo system mainly includes three parts: servo motor, servo drive and command mechanism. Servo drive, also known as "servo controller" and "servo amplifier", amplifizes, converts and regulates the power according to the requirements of the control command, and supplies voltage and current to the motor coil, which is similar to the inverter acting on the ordinary AC motor, and generally contains three embedded servo loops: current loop, speed loop and position loop, which interact with each other to summarize, analyze and correct the signal to achieve accurate motion control. The command mechanism sends a pulse or gives velocity, which is used to cooperate with the driver to work normally. The servo motor can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed, accurately control the movement of the mechanical system according to the position, torque or speed command, and the embedded encoder feeds back the motion parameters of the servo motor to the servo drive to complete the closed-loop control.
Second, industry policies
Industrial automation, represented by industrial robots, as an advanced industry that promotes the deep integration of informatization, intelligence and industrialization, is the main direction that the mainland focuses on. In recent years, the central government and local governments in mainland China have issued a series of policies to promote the development of the industrial robot industry, encourage enterprises to increase the research and development of core components such as industrial robot servo systems, and enhance the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance and other departments proposed in the "Work Plan for the Steady Growth of the Machinery Industry (2023-2024)" issued in September 2023 that it is necessary to implement the "foundation" project for the reliability of basic products, focusing on improving the reliability, consistency and stability of special parts such as precision reducers for industrial robots. At the local level, in June 2023, the Beijing Municipal People's Government issued the "Beijing Robot Industry Innovation and Development Action Plan (2023-2025)", proposing to support enterprises to cooperate with universities and institutes in the development of high-power, high-precision, high-dynamic response, high-reliability servo drive systems and intelligent integrated joints in terms of servo drive systems.
3. Industry barriers
1. Customer barriers
In industrial robots, servo drives and servo motors are generally installed at the joints of robots, and the drive of robot joints is inseparable from the servo system, the more joints, the higher the flexibility and accuracy of the robot, the servo system determines the response speed, load capacity, control continuity, speed range and operation stability of the industrial robot and many other important parameters, is the core determinant of industrial robots to achieve precise operation and flexible manufacturing. Therefore, industrial robot manufacturers are usually more cautious about the choice of servo drive suppliers, and the products need to be strictly verified before they can enter the supply system of industrial robot manufacturers, and once a cooperation is formed, in order to stabilize product quality, industrial robot manufacturers usually do not easily change suppliers, forming a higher barrier to new entrants.
2. Technical barriers
The servo industry is a technology-intensive industry. The servo system integrates a number of key technologies, including automation control technology, microelectronics technology, mechatronics technology and motor control technology, etc., which has high requirements for the technical level of the enterprise. Compared with other servo systems, the robot servo system is a high-end product in the servo system, which puts forward higher requirements for speed range, reliability, stability and many other aspects. Therefore, the technical requirements of the industry are higher, and the technical barriers are more prominent.
3. Barriers to economies of scale
There are barriers to economies of scale in the industry. With the gradual maturity of the industry and the intensification of market competition, it has not formed a certain scale of enterprises has been difficult to adapt to the current increasingly fierce market competition, because of the small production and sales volume can not form the cost advantage of large enterprises in procurement, production, sales, after-sales service and other aspects, and there is no large amount of money to invest in research and development to achieve product upgrading and iteration, the development is seriously lacking in sustainability, and it is difficult to adapt to the current increasingly fierce market competition.
Fourth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The servo system is composed of three parts: servo motor, servo drive and command mechanism, upstream raw materials include rare earth magnets, silicon steel metals, etc., and parts include electronic components, IC chips, sensors, hardware, etc. The midstream is manufactured for industrial robot servers. The downstream can be used in various industrial robots such as welding robots, handling robots, palletizing robots, spraying robots, assembly robots, etc.
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