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Gu Yu gives birth to a hundred grains!
Rain grows a hundred grains, the grain seedlings are vigorous, when it comes to late spring, the temperature rises, the rainfall increases, the humidity increases, and the poplar flowers fall to the end of the rules......
Gu Yu gives birth to a hundred grains!
On April 19 this year, the valley rain (perennial April 19~21) is the 6th of the 24 solar terms, and it is also the last solar term in spring, when the sun reaches the yellow longitude of 30 °, the temperature rises and the growth of crops accelerates, the rainfall in the south increases, the humidity increases, and the rain produces a hundred grains. The valley rain is already the twilight of spring, the peach and pear apricot blossoms in the northern region reflect each other, and the poplar catkins and catkins are flying all over the sky; in the southern region, "the poplar flowers fall to the end of the sub-rules", except for the northern and western parts of South China and the southwest, the temperature has reached 20~22 °C, especially in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta.
【Solar Term Farming Song】
1. "The rain and snow in the valley are not broken, the spring ploughing and spring management are not slow, the weeping willows in front of the door are full of flowers, and the nursery branches are full of fruits." (applicable to the Jianghuai area)
2. "Plant grain in the rainy season, peanut sowing is not slow, cotton seedlings are quickly checked and supplemented, and sweet potato seedlings are planted in advance." (Applicable to the Huang-Huai-Hai area)
3. "The rain and snow in the valley have not been broken, the sowing of miscellaneous grains is not delayed, the swallows return to shed water, and the nursery branches are ploughed in the orchard." (for the Southern Region)
4. "The valley rain moistens the grain, the agricultural operation is good and the hoe is moving, the spring ploughing is sown and the nursery is repaired, and the seedlings in the field are quickly checked and supplemented." (for Northwest Territories)
1. [Characteristics of the Festival]
Gu Yu three waits: one waits for the beginning of Ping, two waits for the singing dove to blow the strange feather, and three waits for the hoopoe to descend on the mulberry. The corresponding flower letters are peony, tulip, and neem. As the rainfall increases, duckweed begins to grow in the water, and then cuckoos begin to fly in the air, reminding people to sow seeds in the cuckoo, and hoopoes can be seen in the mulberry forest.
Characteristic diagram of the three phases of valley rain
2. [Solar Terms]
Walking the valley rain, giving birth to a hundred grains ......
【Festivals】
● International Labor Day or May Day: Also known as International Labor Day and Labor Day, it is the Labor Day of most countries in the world. The festival originated from the workers' strike in Chicago, USA, and in 1889, the founding congress of the Second International announced that May 1 would be designated as International Labor Day at the founding meeting of the Second International. In December 1949, the Administrative Council of the Central People's Government of China made a decision to designate May 1 as Labor Day. After 1989, the State Council basically commended national model workers and advanced workers every five years, and about 3,000 people were commended each time.
●May Fourth Youth Day: Originating from China's anti-imperialist and patriotic "May Fourth Movement" in 1919, the May Fourth Patriotic Movement was a thorough patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism, and also the beginning of China's new democratic revolution. In 1939, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Northwest Youth Salvation Federation designated May 4 as Chinese Youth Day. During Youth Day, a variety of commemorative activities are held in various parts of China, and young people also focus on various social volunteer and social practice activities, and many places hold coming-of-age ceremonies during Youth Day.
【Guyu Customs】
●Fisherman's festival to look forward to fishing: the sea water warms up in the rainy season, and the hundred fish go to the shallow sea, which is a good day to go to the sea to fish. As the saying goes: "Ride the valley rain to the net." "In order to go to sea safely and return with a full load, the fishermen will go to Tanah Lot Temple or Niangniang Temple on the day of Guyu to beat gongs and drums, set off firecrackers, and face the sea to worship, the scene is very grand, praying for the blessing of the sea god. Therefore, the Guyu Festival is also called the "Zhuang Xing Festival" when fishermen go out to sea to fish.
●Worship Wenzu Cangjie: Since the Han Dynasty, Guyu in Baishui County, Shaanxi Province has the custom of sacrificing Wenzu Cangjie, commemorating the legendary Cangjie who created words, covered the world, and moved the Yellow Emperor.
●Walking the valley rain: In ancient times, there was a custom of "walking the valley rain", and on this day the valley rain, young women went to the village to visit relatives, or went to the wild for a walk, which means that it is integrated with nature and strengthens the body.
● Drink Gu Yu tea: Legend has it that Gu Yu's tea on this day will clear the fire, brighten the eyes, drive away poison, ward off evil spirits, etc., so there is a custom of Gu Yu picking tea in the south, no matter what the weather is on this day of Gu Yu, people will go to the tea mountain to pick some new tea and come back to drink it to pray for health.
●Peony (flower): Before and after the valley rain is an important time for peony flowers to bloom, therefore, peony flowers are also called "valley rain flowers". "Gu Yu three dynasties to see the peony", peony appreciation has become an important entertainment activity for people's leisure. So far, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan and other places also hold peony flower fairs in the rainy season for people to have fun and gather.
●Bathing to eliminate disasters and avoid disasters: In the northwest region, people called the river water of Guyu "peach blossom water" in the old days, and it is said that bathing can eliminate disasters and avoid disasters. During the Guyu Festival, people bathe in "peach blossom water" and celebrate with hunting, dancing and other activities.
【Seasonal Foods and Taboos】
● Eating toon: There is a custom of eating toon in the valley rain in the north. Before and after the rain in the valley is the season when the toon is on the market, at this time, the toon is mellow and refreshing, and the nutritional value is high, and there is a saying that "the toon is as tender as silk before the rain". Toon has the effects of improving the body's immunity, strengthening the stomach, regulating qi, antidiarrheal, emollient, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal.
Fragrant camellia bud
Scrambled eggs with toon
● Eating spinach, celery, etc. can nourish the liver: the human body is easy to be sleepy in the rainy season, the liver is weak, the spleen is vigorous, and the digestive function is vigorous, so it is necessary to pay attention to nourishing the liver, strengthening the spleen, dispelling dampness, toon, spinach, celery, soybean sprouts, marantou, barley, yam, etc. are more suitable choices.
●Gu Yu dietary taboos: low fat, less sour and spicy. When the body is good, we should pay attention to the "five lows". That is, low salt, low fat, low sugar, low cholesterol, low irritation.
3. [Agricultural Dynamics]
Before and after the valley rains, the Jianghuai region was in the barley grain formation stage, Huainan wheat heading and flowering stage, Huaibei wheat heading stage, rape final flowering stage, broad bean and pea pod-setting stage, cotton seedling stage, spring maize, spring soybean and spring peanut seedling stage.
【Jianghuai area】
【Huanghuaihai area】
【Tohoku Region】
【Jiangnan South China】
【Southwest China】
【Northwest Territories】
4. [Agricultural Reminder]
【Jianghuai area】
◎The prevention and control strategy of wheat scab is "based on prevention and active attack", that is, from full ear to the early stage of flowering (the rate of flowering is 5%~10%), select single agents such as cyanostrobin, prochloraz, tebuconazole and their compounds (carbendazim alone is not recommended), such as 100 ml of 25% cyanostrobin emulsifiable concentrate or 90~110 grams of 30% pentamelcowettable powder per mu, so as to raise a piece of flower and prevent a piece; New drugs such as fluazole acylhydroxylamine are used in rotation; in case of rain or serious illness, the drug should be applied 1~2 times every 5~7 days, and at the same time treat powdery mildew, aphids, etc., add about 750 grams of urea or 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and if conditions permit, add mixed foliar sprays such as growth stimulants and regulators such as Yuehu, so as to fight the overall battle of "one spray and three preventions" at the ear stage.
Carry out unified control of pests and diseases in a timely manner and spray mixed with medicine and fertilizer
◎Apply seedling fertilizer early before 3 leaves of spring maize, apply 10 kg of ammonium carbonate or 4 kg of urea per mu; set seedlings at 4 leaf stage, 1~2 plants per hole, so that the density of the whole field reaches the upper limit of suitable density; loosen soil weeding, dredge ditch system, and control underground pests at seedling stage.
◎Rice seedlings are fertilized and seedbeds are selected, and suitable varieties can still be sown.
◎Cotton seedbed management: (1) after sowing to increase temperature and moisturize the whole seedling (bed temperature 30 ~ 35 °C, should not exceed 40 °C) ;(2) within 2 ~ 3 days after the seedbed temperature in the seedbed at both ends or flanks of the seedbed in time to disperse moisture (bed temperature to maintain 25 ~ 30 °C), ventilation at 10 o'clock in the morning, then film removal, after the evening to cover the film; (3) combined with the bed with strong hormone and other anti-tall seedlings, promote root growth, with carbendazim or Bordeaux liquid spraying to prevent seedling disease; (4) after the bed flexible use of ventilation without filming, ventilation and film removal method to adjust temperature and promote growth (bed temperature to maintain 25~30 °C), before moving the bowl, appropriately increase the vent to refine the seedlings.
◎When 50% of the plants in the broad bean field have 2~3 pods and the pods are 2~3 cm long (about 7 clusters of inflorescences), remove the top 3~6 cm tender shoots at noon on a sunny day to inhibit vegetative growth. It is mastered in the pea green pod grain slightly bulging (food pod) or broad bean, pea drum period (eating grain), and is picked and marketed one after another.
◎Greenhouse vegetables are ventilated and ventilated, pruning and cutting, topdressing fertilizer water, prevention and control of diseases and insects, etc., and spring-sown vegetables should still be cultivated in protected areas such as plastic film and small arch sheds. Fruit tree pruning and flower thinning, ditching and drainage, disease prevention and insect treatment, topdressing outside the roots, etc.
◎ Early-maturing varieties of garlic sprouts began to be marketed in large quantities. After the cabbage, fertilizer water can be applied to promote the growth of garlic. Garlic is harvested 20~30 days after garlic sprouts.
Harvest garlic sprouts at the right time
◎In early spring, watermelon in greenhouses is cultivated very early, and early-maturing varieties begin to be harvested.
◎Pay attention to keep livestock and poultry warm to prevent diseases. Pay close attention to the pig fence and re-circle.
【Huanghuaihai area】
【Tohoku Region】
【Jiangnan South China】
【Southwest China】
【Northwest Territories】
5. [Interpretation of Agricultural Proverbs]
1、【谷雨麦怀胎，立夏长胡须】
【拼音】gǔ yǔ grind huai tāi,lì xià zhǎng hú xū
【英译】Wheat plants are atbooting stage in Grain Rain season and at grain filling stage in SummerBeginning season.
【Note】In the area south of the Yellow River, before and after the valley rains, winter wheat gradually enters the booting stage from south to north, which is called "pregnancy"; at the end of April, the heading and flowering are raised, and in early May, the grain begins to be set and filled, and the mango on the wheat ears gradually explodes, which is called "long beard".
Wheat booting (gestation) to the first ear stage
Ears of wheat "long beard"
2、【谷雨麦挺立，立夏麦秀齐】
【拼音】gǔ yǔ grind tǐng lì,lì xià grind xiù qí
【英译】The flag leaves of wheat plant are erect in Grain Rain season. In Summer Beginning season, wheat plants are at full heading stage.
【Note】In the northern part of Huanghuai and the wheat area of North China, before and after the valley rain, the flag leaf of winter wheat (also known as the sword leaf, that is, the uppermost leaf of wheat) is extracted from the south to the north, and it grows upright on the leaf sheath, like an unfolded flag, so it is called "picking the flag". After that, the wheat enters the booting stage, commonly known as "budding", and the wheat enters the full heading stage in early May at the beginning of summer, and the farmers call the heading "Xiu", and "Xiuqi" is the full ear.
From left to right: Wheat booting stage flag leaves erect, wheat full heading stage, wheat flowering!
3. [Qingming morning, late summer, Gu Yu planting cotton is at the right time]
【拼音】qīng míng zǎo,lì xià chi,gǔ yǔ zhòng mián zhèng dāng shí
【英译】It is too early to plant cotton in Pure Brightness season and too late in Summer Beginning season. The suitable timing of cotton plantation is in Grain Rain season.
If there is rain before and after the valley rain, and the soil moisture is good, it is conducive to the germination of cottonseeds, and the seedlings are all seedlings and the seedlings are strong. Similar agricultural proverbs include "cotton fertilizer in the valley rain, millet is afraid of thunderstorms", "before the valley rain, cotton can be sprinkled", "early cotton is planted before the valley rain, and wheat is set of cotton before the beginning of summer".
Cotton greenhouse seedlings
Cotton mulch film live broadcast field
4. [Gu Yu rarely picks, and the beginning of summer never stops]
【拼音】gǔ yǔ hěn shǎo zhāi,lì xià zhāi bú chuò
【英译】Few tea leaves are ready for picking in Grain Rain season. In Summer Beginning season tea leaves need to be picked up immediately.
【Note】The growth of tea buds is slow before the valley rain, and the growth and development accelerates with the increase in temperature after the beginning of summer, and the slightest negligence will age, so it is necessary to step up picking and not stop.
Tea picking
6. [Appreciation of Agricultural Poems]
Late Spring Pastoral Miscellaneous (Part 1) Song Fan Chengda
Purple and green lettuce rolls lotus fragrance (1), jade snow celery sprouts plucked shallots long (2).
Self-picking the creek wool is charged for the evening, and the short canopy stays in Hengtang in the wind and rain.
【Concise Interpretation】 (1) Uvena (chún) cuisine: 蒪 (pò) vegetables, horseshoe vegetables, lake vegetables, etc., are perennial aquatic root herbs. (2) Shallots (xiè): perennial herbaceous plants with bulbs, bulbs and young leaves edible underground.
The purple-green lettuce has a faint fragrance of lotus leaves, and the jade-like celery buds are as long as shallots. I picked some wild herbs by the stream for dinner, and set up a low tent by the pond in the wind and rain to stay overnight.
Taihu Ulva
Fan Chengda (1126-1193), a famous minister, writer and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. The word to be able, the word young yuan, in the early years, he called himself this mountain monk, and later called Shihu monk. Han nationality, a native of Wu County, Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing (1154) of Song Gaozong, he was a member of the Ministry of Etiquette and a storyteller in Chongzheng Palace. In the sixth year of the Gandao (1170), he sent an envoy to the Jin State, not afraid of rape, and did not disgrace his mission. Except for the scholars in the middle school. In the fifth year of Chunxi (1178), he visited the governor, and was impeached in only two months. In his later years, he retired to Shihu and became a scholar of the Imperial Palace. Shaoxi died in the fourth year (1193) at the age of sixty-eight, presented to the young master, posthumously awarded the title of Chongguo Gong, nicknamed Wenmu, and later generations called him "Fan Wenmu".
Fan Chengda is known as a literary name, especially in poetry. He started from the Jiangxi School, later studied the poetry of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realist spirit of Bai Juyi, Wang Jian, Zhang Ji and other poets Xin Yuefu, and finally became a family of his own. The style is simple and simple, fresh and charming. The poems cover a wide range of subjects, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life are the most accomplished. Together with Yang Wanli, Lu You, and You Yuan, he is known as the "Four Great Poets of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is the author of "Shihu Collection", "Lanlu Record", "Wu Boat Record", "Wu County Chronicles", "Guihai Yu Heng Chronicles" and so on.
The first three lines of the poem describe two vegetables with Jiangnan characteristics, Ulva and celery, which are full of spring breath and the poet's love and satisfaction for the countryside. The last sentence has the feeling of "a cloud of smoke and rain in his life" in terms of rhyme and picture. Staying in Hengtang, it is speculated that Hengtang may refer to Suzhou, and now there is Hengtang Road in Suzhou. Hengtang can also be understood as a pond in general, and the small boat, the lonely pond, wind and rain, these images, at the same time, add some "wild ferry unmanned boat self-traverse" feelings. The poet stays in tents, just like one of our leisure activities today, "camping", usually campers carry tents and leave the city to camp in the wilderness for one or more nights. Camping is often associated with other activities, such as hiking, fishing, or swimming.
The poem also describes a number of products, among which Ulva is a Jiangnan specialty, mainly produced in the Taihu Lake basin and Hubei Province in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces in China, and is picked from late April to late October. The young leaves are edible, and the lettuce itself has no taste, but it is one of the precious vegetables because of its roundness, deliciousness and tenderness. Rich in glial protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, the regular consumption of Ulva has the health care effect of both medicine and food.
Shrimp and lettuce soup
Dongpi Yu Yu rate Er Yi Xie Nanchi (1) Tang Meng Haoran
Tian Jiachun (2), Ding Zhuang to the east (3).
殷殷雷声作④，森森雨足垂⑤。
The sea rainbow is clear and the river willow is moving (6).
It is intended to be ploughed and chiseled (7), because the king asks the soil (8).
【Concise Interpretation】 (1) 陂 (bēi): hillside. Rate: Reckless and hasty. Yi: Gift. (2) Spring affairs: agricultural affairs, spring ploughing affairs. From: Start. (3) Ding Zhuang: a young man. Just: approach, go. (4) Yin Yin: thunder. (5) Sensen: dense. Rain Foot: Raindrops. (6) Moisturize: moisturize, here refers to rainwater. Shift: Giving. (7) Ploughing and digging: ploughing and digging wells refers to pastoral life. (8) Soil suitability: crops suitable for planting in different soils.
In the spring, all kinds of agricultural activities have begun, and young adults go to the eastern slopes to plow. Suddenly there was a thunderclap and the rain fell in a dense manner. When the sky clears, a rainbow rises in the sea, and the willow trees by the river have just been irrigated by the rain. I am dedicated to working in the fields, so I ask you how to grow crops according to local conditions.
Meng Haoran (689 or 691-740), a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty. Zhi Hao, the word Haoran, the number of Lumen priest, to the word line, Xiangzhou Xiangyang (now Xiangyang, Hubei) in the Tang Dynasty, also known as "Meng Xiangyang". Meng Haoran's poems are as famous as Wang Wei, and are called "Wang Meng", which is the forerunner of the pastoral landscape poetry school in the Tang Dynasty after Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun and Xie Wei, mainly writing pastoral landscape poems. Because he has never entered the office, he is also called Monsanite. Outside the south gate of Xiangyang, there is his former residence in the South Park of the mountain and the river. He once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain.
Meng Haoran's life experience is relatively simple, and the subject matter of his poetry creation is also very narrow. Meng Shi is not carved, light and simple, feels intimate and real, has a strong breath of life, and is full of super wonderful self-satisfaction. For example, "Autumn Climbing Wanshan Sends Zhang Wu", "Past the Old Man's Village", "Spring Dawn" and other articles, light and flavorful, harmonious, elegant, and clear artistic conception.
This poem describes the scene of a sudden spring rain during the busy spring season. It can be seen from the two sentences "the sea rainbow is clear, and the river willow is moving" It can be seen that the poet did not complain about the sudden rain, but expressed his love for the sunny scenery after the rain. In the last two sentences, "Tuyi" has the meaning of adapting measures to local conditions, which shows that the ancients had a deep understanding of agricultural farming.
The farming system of the mainland varies according to latitude, sunshine, accumulated temperature, precipitation, degree of agricultural mechanization, agricultural agronomic measures and technical level.
In addition, different soil types are suitable for the growth of different crops, sandy soil is suitable for planting sandy soil, less water demand and drought-tolerant crops, such as peanuts, soybeans, fruit trees, Chinese medicinal materials, etc., loam soil is suitable for the growth of more crops, especially for the growth of vegetable crops, and clay soil is suitable for planting fewer crops. At the same time, the same soil can also be improved to make the same soil suitable for the growth of more crops, the main measures include water control and soil reform, fertilization and soil improvement, tillage soil improvement, straw returning to the field, etc.
Spring-sown crops are thriving
Yu Kawada Family (1) Tang Wang Qi
The sun shines on the ruins (2), and the cattle and sheep return to the poor alleys (3).
Ye Lao Nian shepherd boy (4), leaning on a staff and waiting for the thorn (5).
雉雊麦苗秀⑥，蚕眠桑叶稀⑦。
Tian Fu hoe to (8), meet the language according to the word.
That is, this envy is leisurely (9), and it is abrupt and declining (10).
[Concise Interpretation] (1) Weichuan: a "Weishui". Weishui originates from the Bird and Mouse Mountain in Gansu Province, passes through Shaanxi, and flows into the Yellow River. Tian Jia: Farmhouse. (2) Oblique Sun: A "oblique light". Ruins: Villages. (3) Poor alley: deep alley. (4) Ye Lao: The old man of the village. (5) Leaning on a cane: Leaning on a cane. Jing Fei: Chaimen. (6) 雉雊 (zhì gòu): pheasant chirping. "The Book of Poetry, Xiaoya, Xiaoben": "The pheasant's morning is still seeking its female." (7) Silkworm sleep: When the silkworm molts, it does not eat or move, just like sleep. (8) 荷 (hè): The meaning of shouldering. (9) That's it: refers to the scenario mentioned above. (10) Decline: The title of the "Book of Songs", which has the sentence "decline, decline, and no return", which means to return to seclusion.
The village is covered with the afterglow of the sunset, and the cattle and sheep return along the deep alleys. The old man was worried about his grazing grandson, and waited on his cane for the firewood in his house. The pheasant is chirping, the wheat is about to tassel, the silkworm is sleeping, and the mulberry leaves are thin. The farmers returned to the village with their hoes, and met with laughter and love. How can I not be envious of such comfort? I can't help but chant "The Decline" in amazement.
Wheat 齐穗期
Wang Wei (701-761, 699-761), a famous poet and painter of the Tang Dynasty. Han nationality, Hedong Puzhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) people, ancestral home of Qi County, Shanxi, the word Maha, the number of Mahajushi, known as "Wang Youcheng", the early years of the faith, the later due to the social blow to the complete Zen. Kaiyuan Jinshi, tired officials to give things. An Lushan rebels were appointed when they fell into Chang'an, and after the chaos was pacified, he was demoted to the crown prince Zhongyun. Houguan Zhishang Youcheng, so it is also known as Wang Youcheng. In his later years, he lived in Lantian and Rimchuan, and lived a leisurely life of being both official and hidden.
Wang Wei participated in Zen and enlightenment, learned Zhuang Xindao, and was proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, etc., and was jointly called "Wang Meng" with Meng Haoran. In the early stage, he wrote some poems on the theme of Biansai, but the most important of his works are landscape poems, which promote the life of hermits and Buddhist Zen principles through the depiction of pastoral landscapes. There is "Wang Youcheng Collection".
Su Shi commented on it: "The poems of the taste of the Maha Jie, there are paintings in the poems, and the paintings of the Jie are the poems." ”
The author of this poem depicts a picture of the peaceful and happy Tian family's return at dusk, expressing the poet's longing for a return and envy of the calm and leisurely pastoral life, and revealing the poet's loneliness and depression in the officialdom. "Pheasant wheat seedlings show, silkworms sleep mulberry leaves are scarce" indicates that a bumper harvest is in sight. "Seeing each other and saying according to each other" shows that the peasants live in harmony. In the eyes of the poet, the countryside is a peaceful scene, so the "groaning decline", indicating the poet's interest in retreating to the countryside.
The poem depicts a typical "harmonious village", which has important reference significance for China to implement the rural revitalization strategy and build a harmonious society in the new era, especially the construction of a harmonious new countryside.
Contemporary New Countryside (Jiangyan River Heng)
—————— THAN ——————
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