"The Great River of Tangtang is endless: Special Exhibition of Yellow River Civilization in Shandong" is on display at the Jinan Museum. Based on the origin, development and spiritual core of the Yellow River civilization in Shandong, the exhibition brings together more than 200 representative cultural relics from cultural and museum units in nine regions of Shandong.
More than 200 cultural relics show the endless culture of the Yellow River
The treasure of Jinan City Museum - Neolithic Longshan culture eggshell black pottery high-handled cup, its cup body is as thin as an eggshell, and the color is black and bright. The texture of the eggshell black pottery high-handled cup is fine and tight, the surface and the inside are black, and there is no water seepage, which shows the development of the pottery industry of Shandong Longshan culture and the wisdom and skills of the potters.
Yu Xiaozheng, curator of the Exhibition Department of Jinan Museum: The biggest feature of our eggshell black pottery goblet is its thinness and lightness, its entire mouth edge is very wide and thin, the thinnest place is only 0.2 mm, and the overall weight is only 70 grams. The firing temperature was very high, and at that time, the firing temperature of black pottery could reach 1000°C. Its whole texture is very tight and impermeable. It is enough to prove that more than 4,000 years ago, the highly developed cultural pottery industry in Longshan, Shandong Province, can be said to be the pinnacle of China's prehistoric pottery industry.
In the long historical period, the Yellow River culture has derived a variety of cultural forms in the land of Qilu, and blended with the Qilu culture, spring water culture, Taishan culture and other Shandong regional cultures, becoming a unique charm of the Yellow River culture in Shandong.
This antler hoe is a cultural relic related to agricultural culture, it is made of the natural fork of the antlers, it is 52.2 cm long, one end is round and flat for hammering, and the other end is sharp for digging, which is an agricultural tool at that time.
Yu Xiaozheng, curator of the exhibition department of Jinan Museum: It is a deer antler hoe from the Dawenkou culture period of the Neolithic Age, and its side is relatively round and blunt, which can be used to hit relatively hard objects, such as clods of soil, stones, etc. The other side is sharper, so it can be used to plan, pit and loosen the soil.
The Yellow River flows from Shandong to the sea after 10,000 miles, with a total length of 628 kilometers in Shandong and flows through 9 cities. Through the integration and open sharing of the resources of the Yellow River Basin Museum in Shandong, this exhibition digs deep into the unique cultural heritage of the Yellow River in Shandong, and realizes the interpretation and dissemination of the historical value and the value of the times contained in the cultural heritage of the Yellow River in Shandong.
The gorgeous painted pottery reproduces the history and unique charm of Hehuang culture
There is also "Hehuang Pottery Rhyme - Qinghai Painted Pottery Art and Cultural Relics Exhibition" being held in Jinan Museum, a total of 115 sets of selected cultural relics such as pottery, stone tools and bone tools are exhibited, which are divided into three parts: Majiayao culture, Qijia culture and Xindian culture according to the historical development time context, and systematically sort out the development process of Qinghai painted pottery culture and art.
The exhibition focuses on the painted pottery of Majiayao culture unearthed in the Hehuang area of Qinghai, and is divided into the early Majiayao type, the middle mid-mountain type, and the late Machang type, focusing on the middle and late Neolithic culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Majiayao cultural painted pottery is rich and colorful, the pattern is extremely varied and colorful, it is an unparalleled wonder in the history of the development of painted pottery in the world, and it is also one of the most splendid cultures created by the ancient ancestors in the Yellow River Basin.
Yu Xiaozheng, curator of the Exhibition Department of Jinan Museum: This artifact is called the four circles of the painted pottery pot, and the four circles are a very unique pattern of the horse factory type. This artifact is painted in black and red, and the four circles are gradually evolved on the basis of the sawtooth swirl pattern in the middle of the mountain. In this artifact, the outer circle represents the sky, and the inner square represents the earth, revealing the ancients' idea that the sky is round and the place is round.
Machang type painted pottery is the Neolithic Age relics of the largest number, the most types, the most abundant painted ornaments, the most peculiar artistic creation of the period, human life pots, bowls, basins, bowls, pots, pots and other utensils in this period of the production of painted pottery are readily available.
The frog pattern painted pottery pot of the Machang type is the most typical painted pottery shape in the Majiayao culture of the Machang type. The clay pot is solemn, the tire is delicate, the surface is smooth, and the ampulla is painted with black and red colors. The frog pattern is the most developed and characteristic ornament of Majiayao culture, and there are almost all symbols of the same cultural metaphor in the world, from which we can get a glimpse of the simple vision of the ancestors.
Meng Meng, docent of Jinan Museum: In the early period, the frog head was often circle-shaped, with different patterns painted inside, while its limbs were often wavy, and its feet were different toes, which became more simplified and natural in the middle period, and became a structured pattern in the late period. It embodies their vision that their tribe can thrive and grow.
The Tao Yun of the River tells the splendid culture of the source of the Yellow River
Qinghai is located in the northwest hinterland of the mainland and is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Hehuang culture is one of the four major cultures of the Yellow River, and together with Heluo culture, Guan Chinese culture and Qilu culture, it has created the traditional culture of the Yellow River Basin.
Qinghai Hehuang area is a fertile triangle between the Yellow River and the Huangshui River Basin, and the Majiayao culture, Qijia culture, Xindian culture and Qinghai's unique Zongri culture and Cayo culture have been continuously continued for more than 2,000 years from more than 5,000 years ago, constituting the western birthplace area of human prehistoric culture. 30,000 years ago, there were already human hunter-gatherers in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Entering the Neolithic Age, the cultural relics of various cultures dominated by the Majiayao culture showed the world the gorgeous and colorful painted pottery civilization.
Yu Xiaozheng, curator of the exhibition department of Jinan Museum: The fine mud deposited on both sides of the Yellow River is a rare good clay, so the ancestors who lived along the river at that time invented and made pottery for the pursuit of agricultural life, and painted the patterns that the clan admired on the pottery, which also formed a colorful painted pottery. These painted pottery were also an important carrier of the profound history and culture of the Hehuang area at that time.
In the painted pottery culture in the Hehuang area, the human-shaped pattern, the bird pattern and the painted pottery decoration in Gansu are highly similar, through the evolution of the painted pottery and its ornamentation, it can be seen that the painted pottery in the Hehuang area and the Yangshao culture in Gansu are in the same line, and the upper reaches of the Yellow River have common cultural customs and primitive beliefs, which shows that the splendid culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is based on the Yellow River as the main line, connecting different regions, with a unified cultural outlook, forming a strong regional characteristics.
Yu Xiaozheng, Curator of the Exhibition Department of Jinan Museum: For example, the two very important swirl pattern faience pots and cartouche painted pottery pots exhibited in this exhibition are mainly decorated with swirl patterns, and this kind of decoration is a very general summary of the rushing water of the Yellow River by the ancestors of Majiayao at that time, as well as a highly imaginative depiction, and they are also an important witness to the formation and development of the Yellow River civilization in the late Neolithic Age.
(CCTV News Client)
Editor/Zhu Wei