23.1 The nature of man is evil, and the good is hypocritical.
Literal translation: Human nature is evil, and those good deeds are man-made;
23.2 The nature of man today is born with good interests and obedience, so he is born to fight for life and give up to death, born to be sick and evil, so to be obedient, so the thief is born to be faithful and perishable, and to be born with ears and eyes, and to have a good voice and lust, and to be obedient, so fornication is born to be righteous and virtuous.
However, according to human nature and people's feelings, they will be out of contention, and they will be in trouble and violence. Therefore, there will be the transformation of the teacher's law, the way of etiquette and righteousness, and then out of resignation, in line with the literature and science, and return to the rule. From this point of view, then the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Human beings are born with a desire for selfish gain, and because of this nature, there will be contention between people, and there will be no more humility; people are born with jealousy and hatred, and because of this nature, things will happen that harm the faithful and good, and thus loyalty and faithfulness will be lost. People are born with the instinct to love sound and sex, to listen to good things, to like to see good things, because of this nature, sexual immorality will occur, and the etiquette system and moral norms will be lost.
In this case, if we indulge our human nature and conform to our lusts, we will inevitably quarrel over them, and we will violate the hierarchical ranks, disturb the etiquette system, and cause riots.
Therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil, and those good deeds are man-made.
23.3 Therefore the wolfwood will be straightened and straightened, and the blunt gold will be strengthened and then sharpened, and the evil nature of this man will be corrected by the teacher, and the righteousness will be cured.
If people do not have the teachings, they will be dangerous and not righteous, and if they are rude and righteous, they will be disobedient and uncurable. The ancient saint kings thought that human nature was evil, that it was dangerous and unrighteous, and that it was chaotic and not cured, so that it was to cause etiquette and righteousness, to make the law system, to pretend to be human's emotional nature and to correct it, and to disturb people's emotional nature and guide it, so that all of them are out of governance and in line with the Tao.
Today's people are gentlemen who turn the teachings, accumulate literature, and Taoism and righteousness, and those who indulge in temperament and indulge in peace and violate etiquette and righteousness are villains. From this point of view, then the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Therefore, bent wood must be heated by the correction of tools before it can be straightened, and metal utensils that are not sharp must be sharpened by polishing. The "evil" nature of people must rely on the teachings of the teacher, and then they can be corrected, understand etiquette and righteousness, and the world will be peaceful.
If we do not have the teachings of the teacher, we will be biased and sinister, and if we do not follow the etiquette and righteousness, we will rebel and cause social turmoil. The ancient holy kings, because of their bad human nature, deviant and improper, rebellious and disorderly, formulated a system of etiquette to correct people's temperament, tame and educate them, and guide them. Make people obey the social order and conform to ethical norms.
Now, as long as people accept the teachings of the teacher, accumulate knowledge, and follow etiquette and righteousness, they are gentlemen, and if they indulge their personal temperament, act recklessly, and violate etiquette and righteousness, they are villains.
Therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil, and those good deeds are man-made.
23.4 Mencius said, "The scholar of man is good in nature. ”
Said: No. It is a person who does not know the nature of man, and does not perceive the difference between human nature and falsehood.
Those who are mortal are also in heaven, and they cannot learn or do things. Those who are righteous are born of saints, and those who can and do what people have learned and done. Those who cannot be learned, cannot be done in others, are called sexuality, and those who can be learned and can be done in others are said to be false: they are the difference between sex and falsehood.
The nature of today's human beings can be seen with the eyes and heard by the ears: the husband can see without leaving his eyes, and he can hear without leaving his ears. The eyes are clear and the ears are deaf, and they cannot be learned.
Literal translation:
Mencius said, "What man asks to learn is the goodness of human nature." This is because we have not understood human nature, the difference between nature and man-made.
Nature is innate, it can't be learned, and it's not acquired.
Etiquette and righteousness are formulated by the saints, and they can be obtained by learning and doing it through hard work.
It can't be learned, it can't be artificial, it's born naturally, that's nature. What can be obtained through learning and can be achieved through acquired human efforts is artificial. This is the difference between nature and artificiality.
The nature of ordinary people, the eyes can see things, the ears can hear sounds, see clearly cannot be separated from the eyes, and hear the sound clearly without the ears.
So, the eyes are clear, the ears are clear, it's not something that can be learned, it's very clear.
Mencius said, "Human nature is good, and they do evil only because they have lost their nature." This is wrong. If human nature is born detached from its inherent natural qualities, then it must be lost.
From this point of view, it is clear that human nature is evil. Therefore, the beauty of qualifications and the kindness of the heart are like clear vision inseparable from the eyes, and clear hearing inseparable from the ears.
If human nature is born out of his qualities, he will surely lose its beauty and goodness, and then the evil nature of human nature will be obvious.
23.7 The questioner said, "If a man's nature is evil, then propriety and righteousness are evil?"
Ying Zhi said: Those who are righteous are born from the hypocrisy of saints, not from human nature. Therefore, the pottery is a tool, but the tool is born from the pseudo of the worker, not from the nature of the person. Therefore, the workers cut wood into tools, but the tools were born from the pseudo of workers, not from human nature. The saint thinks about it, learns the hypocrisy, and raises the law with the birth of propriety and righteousness, and then the propriety and righteousness of the law are born from the hypocrisy of the saint, not from the nature of man. If the husband has lustful eyes, good ears, good mouth, good heart, good bones, body and skin, he is born in human affection, and he is natural and does not wait for things and is born later.
Those who feel the sense and can't do it, and must wait for things and then come after, are said to be born in falsehood. It is the birth of sexual hypocrisy, and its different signs. Therefore, the saint turns into a false person, and the false gives birth to propriety and righteousness, and propriety and righteousness give birth to the law.
However, those who practice etiquette and righteousness are born of saints. Therefore, the reason why the saint is the same as the others, and the one who is not different from the others, is also sexual, so the one who is different from the others is also false. The husband is good and wants to get it, and this person is also emotional.
The false person has a brother who divides the wealth and wealth, and is obedient to the feelings, and wants to obtain it, if so, the brothers will take it from each other, and if it is the literature and science of propriety and righteousness, if it is, it will be up to the people of the country. Therefore, if you are obedient to your temperament, you will have to fight with your brothers, and if you turn etiquette and righteousness, you will let the people of the country do it.
Literal translation:
Someone asked: Human nature is evil, so where does etiquette and righteousness come from?
All etiquette and righteousness arise from the acquired efforts of the saints, not from human nature. So, if the potter makes pottery out of soil, then the pottery is produced by the actions of people, not by the nature of the potter. The carpenter processes wood to make wood, then the woodwork is produced by the carpenter's human effort, not the carpenter's nature. The saint constantly accumulates thoughts and is familiar with all kinds of man-made things, which gives rise to etiquette and righteousness and establishes the law, so both etiquette and law are the result of the saint's acquired human efforts, and do not arise from the nature of the saint. As for the eyes like to see beautiful women, the ears like to listen to music, the mouth likes to taste delicious food, the heart is greedy for selfish interests, and the body likes comfort and ease, all these are things that arise from the erotic nature of human beings, and are naturally formed as soon as they are felt, and they do not depend on the acquired efforts of human beings.
Those things are not generated by feelings, but must be made by human effort before they can be done, which is called artificial. These are the different characteristics that nature and artificiality produce. Therefore, the saint changed his evil nature and made human efforts, and the result of his efforts was to produce propriety and righteousness, and after propriety and righteousness were generated, he formulated the law.
So, the rituals and the testimonies were created by the saints.
Therefore, what is the same between a saint and an ordinary person but does not surpass the others is the nature, and what is different between a saint and an ordinary person and surpasses an ordinary person is the acquired and man-made efforts of the saint. It is human nature to love self-interest and want to get it.
If there are brothers who divide property among themselves, and if they are in accordance with human nature, they all like selfish interests and want to get them, then brothers will compete with each other, and if they are taught to distribute by the rules of etiquette, then they can give up to each other.
Therefore, if you conform to human nature, brothers will compete with each other, and if you accept the planning of etiquette and righteousness, people will push each other.
23.8 Whoever desires to be good is evil in nature. The husband is thin and wants to be thick, the evil is beautiful, the narrow is wide, the poor are rich, and the cheap is expensive: those who are not in the middle must seek outside. Therefore, the rich do not want to be rich, and the expensive do not want to be powerful: those who have it will not reach the outside.
From this point of view, those who want to be good are also evil.
The nature of today's people is inherently rude, so they are forced to learn and seek to have; sex does not know etiquette and righteousness, so they think and seek knowledge. However, if it is sexual, then people are rude and righteous, and they do not know etiquette and righteousness. If people are rude and righteous, they will be chaotic, and if they don't know etiquette and righteousness, they will be contrary.
However, it is only sexual, and it is against oneself. From this point of view, the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Generally speaking, people want to be good because of their evil nature.
The shallow hope becomes abundant, the ugly hope becomes beautiful, the narrow hope becomes magnanimous, the poor hope becomes rich, the humble hope becomes ennobled, and if it does not have it, it must be sought outwardly, so that the rich no longer envy money, and the noble no longer envy power, and if they have it, they certainly need not seek it outward.
Therefore, the reason why people want to be good is precisely because they are inherently evil. If human nature does not have the content of propriety and righteousness, it is necessary to study hard to master it.
Human nature does not understand propriety, so we have to think about it to understand it. In this way, if there is only nature, people will not have courtesy and righteousness, and they will not understand etiquette and righteousness. If there is no disorder of etiquette and righteousness, and if you don't understand etiquette and righteousness, you will violate reason, so if people only have their nature, chaos will exist in human nature.
From this point of view, therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil is already very clear, and those good deeds are man-made.
23.9 Mencius said, "Human nature is good." ”
Said: No. The so-called good people in ancient times and today are governed by righteousness and peace, and the so-called evil ones are dangerous and chaotic. It's the difference between good and evil. Today, if we use human nature to consolidate righteousness and rationale, then there is an evil use of the Holy King, and an evil use of etiquette and righteousness?
Although there is the propriety of the holy king, it is not the case that human nature is evil. Therefore, the ancients and saints thought that the nature of human beings was evil, thinking that it was dangerous and not righteous, and that it was chaotic and not cured, so they established the power of the king to come to it, to clarify the etiquette and righteousness to transform it, to cure it by the law, and to prohibit it with heavy punishment, so that the world is out of governance and in harmony with goodness. It is the rule of the holy king and the transformation of etiquette and righteousness.
Now we should try to get rid of the power of the king, the rudeness and righteousness, the rule of law, the prohibition of punishment, and rely on the harmony of the people of the world; if so, then the strong will harm the weak and take it, the people will be tyrannical and outrageous, and the chaos of the world will not wait for each other.
From this point of view, then the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Mencius said, "Human nature is good. "That's not right!
The so-called goodness in ancient and modern times refers to being upright and reasonable, conforming to etiquette and righteousness, and abiding by social order; the so-called evil refers to those who deviate from evil and sinister, rebel and cause chaos, and violate social order. This is the difference between good and evil. If we really think that human nature is to conform to the law of propriety and righteousness and abide by the social order, then what is the use of the holy king?
What is the use of propriety and righteousness? Even if there is a holy king and propriety, what should be added to the observance of propriety and righteousness and the observance of social order? This does not seem to be the case today, and human nature is evil. Therefore, because human nature is evil, the ancient saints thought that they were sinister and improper, and that they were unstable because they violated the social order, so they established the power of the monarch to rule over them, to educate them by proclaiming propriety and righteousness, to raise up laws to govern them, and to increase punishment to prohibit them from breaking the law and discipline, so that all the world could achieve stability, order, and goodness. This is the rule of the Holy King and the indoctrination of propriety.
Now, if we remove the power of the monarch, instead of the indoctrination of etiquette, abandon the rule of law, and do not use criminal punishment to prohibit violations of law and discipline, then observe the relationship between the people of the world.
Then the strong will hurt the weak, the majority will bully the minority, and soon the people of the world will rebel and kill each other.
Therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil, and those good deeds are man-made.
23.10 Therefore he who speaketh well of the past will have a feast for the present, and he that speaketh well of the heavens will be requisitioned for men.
Those who speak on it are worthy of discernment and verification. Therefore, in terms of sitting, it can be set up, and it can be implemented.
Nowadays, Mencius said that "the goodness of human nature" is not consistent with the test, and if you sit down, you can't set it up, and you can't do it, isn't it too much? Therefore, if you are good, you will go to the holy king and rest the rites and righteousness, and if you are evil, you will be righteous with the holy king and the noble rites.
Therefore, the birth of the barberry is also the wolfwood, the beginning of the rope and ink, the non-straightness, the establishment of the king, the clear etiquette and righteousness, and the sexual evil. From this point of view, then the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Those who like to talk about the ancient must have a verification of the modern age, and those who like to talk about the way of heaven must have someone to verify it. All discussions are valuable by analysis and synthesis, and by verification.
So, sit down and discuss the problem, stand up and set up the arrangement, and promote it to be implemented. Now Mencius said, "Human nature is good. "Isn't it a big mistake to sit down and talk about it, but to stand up and not to set it up, and not to promote it?
Therefore, if we believe that human nature is inherently good, we must abandon the emperor of the Holy Wisdom, and we must abolish etiquette and righteousness. If you think that human nature is inherently evil, it is to praise the Holy King and pay attention to etiquette and righteousness.
Therefore, the emergence of tools for correcting wood is due to the presence of curved wood, the appearance of rope and ink is due to the existence of things that are not straight, and the establishment of the monarch and the manifestation of etiquette are due to the inherent evil of human nature.
Therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil, and those good deeds are man-made.
23.11 Whoever is straight without waiting for the tree will be straight, and the wolf wood will be straightened and straightened by the tree, and he who is not straight will be straight. The evil nature of this man will be governed by the Holy King, the transformation of etiquette and righteousness, and then it will all be out of governance and in harmony with goodness. From this point of view, then the evil nature of human beings is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Straight wood is naturally straight without the need for straightening tools, which is its natural straightness. Curved wood must be straightened with a corrective tool, because it is naturally curved.
Human nature is bad, and we must rely on the governance of the Holy King and the education of etiquette and righteousness, and then we can achieve social stability and meet the standard of goodness. Therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil, and those good deeds are man-made.
23:12 The questioner said, "It is human nature that a saint can be born because of the accumulation of hypocrisy and righteousness." ”
Ying Zhi said: Yes. The husband and the sage are also born of etiquette and righteousness, and then the propriety and righteousness are false, how can the nature of human beings also be the nature of mortals, Yao, Shun, and the legs, and the feet, and the nature of the mortals, Yao, Shun, and the legs, and the feet, and the nature of the gentleman and the villain.
Nowadays, the propriety and righteousness will accumulate the hypocrisy of human nature, and then there will be noble Yao, Yu, and noble gentlemen? All those who are noble Yao, Yu, and gentlemen can transform sexuality, can create hypocrisy, and hypocrisy and righteousness will arise from hypocrisy;
From this point of view, then those who accumulate hypocrisy and righteousness are also human beings? Those who are inferior to the scumbags, the feet, and the villains should follow their nature, conform to their feelings, and be at ease, so as to compete for greed and profit. Therefore, the evil nature of people is clear, and the good ones are hypocritical.
Literal translation:
Someone asked: "It is also human nature to accumulate acquired and man-made etiquette and righteousness, so the saint can formulate etiquette and righteousness." This perception is wrong. Is it the nature of a potter to make a tile from a potter? Is it the nature of a carpenter to make a piece of wood when a carpenter chops wood to make a piece of wood? A sage lays down rituals just as a potter makes clay into a tile. So, is it human nature to accumulate rituals made for the human factor?
Human nature, even if it is as virtuous as Yao and Shun, and cruel as Ji and Foot, their nature is the same, and the nature of a gentleman and a villain is the same. If the accumulation of artificially formed etiquette and righteousness is regarded as the nature of human beings, then why should we respect Yao and Yu? Why should we still respect the gentleman?
The reason why people respect Yao, Yu and Junzi is that they can educate and change their own nature, and they can make human efforts, and the result of human efforts is to produce etiquette and righteousness; therefore, the saints accumulate the acquired people to create etiquette and righteousness for their efforts, which is just like potters and clay tiles. Therefore, is it human nature to accumulate rituals formed by acquired human efforts?
The reason why people despise the scumbags, the feet, and the villains is because they indulge their own nature, conform to their own lusts, and they act recklessly, covet selfish interests, and compete for power. Therefore, the truth of human nature is inherently evil, and those good deeds are man-made.
23.13 Heaven is not selfish Zeng, Qian, filial piety and others are also, but Zeng, Qian, and filial piety are unique to the truth of filial piety and all in the name of filial piety.
Heaven is not the private Qi and Lu people, but the righteousness of father and son, the difference between husband and wife, is not as good as the filial piety of Qi and Lu, and the person who respects his father, why not?
With the Qin people's temperament, peace and ease, and slower than etiquette and righteousness, how can their nature be different?
Literal translation:
God does not favor Zeng Shen, Min Ziqian, and filial piety, and looks down on others, but only Zeng Shen, Min Ziqian, and filial piety pay attention to filial piety, and they have fulfilled the good name of filial piety, why?
It's because they do their best to practice propriety. Heaven does not favor the people of Qi and Lu, but dislikes the people of Qin, but the etiquette between father and son, the difference between husband and wife, the people of Qin are not as respectful and polite as those of Qi and Lu, why?
23·14 "'The man who paints can be Yu. 'Huh?"
Said: The reason why Fan Yu is Yu is that he is benevolent, righteous and righteous. However, there is a reason for the law of benevolence and righteousness to be knowable, but the people of Tu also have the quality of knowing the righteousness of benevolence and righteousness, and they all have the means of being able to be benevolent and righteous. Nowadays, benevolence, righteousness and law are incomprehensible and unknowable, but only Yu does not know benevolence, righteousness and law, and cannot be benevolent and righteous. Will the people who are painted have no quality that can know benevolence, righteousness and righteousness, and there is no evil that can be benevolent, righteous and law-righteous?
However, the people who are painted are also, and they cannot know the righteousness of the father and son internally, and they cannot know the righteousness of the monarch and the ministers externally. Otherwise. The people who are painted today can know the righteousness of the father and son, and the righteousness of the monarch and the minister can be known outside, but the quality of what they can know, the ability to have, and the people who are in the painting are clear. The person who makes Tu today can be known with the quality and ability that can be known, the knowable reason and the possibility of benevolence and righteousness, and then it can be Yu Ming.
Today, the people of Tu are learning from the arts, concentrating on one mind, thinking about and observing, and the county is long and the accumulation of goodness is endless, then it is through the gods and participates in the heaven and earth. Therefore, the saint is the result of the accumulation of people.
Literal translation:
"Ordinary people can also be like Yu. Dayu can become a person like Dayu because he can practice the law of benevolence and righteousness. In this way, the legal system of benevolence and righteousness has the nature of being able to understand and be done, but the qualities that ordinary people have, and the conditions for achieving the legal system of benevolence and righteousness, so it is obvious that ordinary people can become people like Yu. If benevolence and righteousness and the legal system cannot be recognized, nor can they be done, then even Dayu cannot understand the legal system of benevolence and righteousness, nor can he implement the law of benevolence and righteousness.
If an ordinary person does not have the quality to understand the legal system of benevolence, righteousness, and does not have the conditions to achieve the legal system of benevolence, righteousness, and righteousness, then he cannot understand the morality between father and son at home, and he cannot understand the norms between kings and ministers in the court. Now this is not the case, ordinary people can understand the morality between father and son at home, and in the court can understand the norms between monarchs and ministers, since this is the case, then, he can understand the quality of benevolence, righteousness and legal system, and the conditions for achieving benevolence, righteousness and legal system, these have been very clear in ordinary people.
If ordinary people use it to understand the qualifications of benevolence and righteousness, and to grasp the benevolence and righteousness that have the nature of understanding and doing, then it will be obvious that they can be Yu.
If an ordinary person is convinced that the Tao is studied carefully, carefully examined and considered deeply, perseveres, and accumulates good deeds without stopping, then he will be able to attain the highest wisdom and be in harmony with heaven and earth. Therefore, ordinary people can become saints by accumulating the legal system of benevolence and righteousness.
23:15 He said, "Saints can be accumulated, but none can be accumulated, so why not?"
Said: Yes, but not can. Therefore, the villain can be a gentleman and refuse to be a gentleman, and a gentleman can be a villain and refuse to be a villain.
The villain and the gentleman are not allowed to do it, but those who do not do it can but cannot do it. Therefore, the person of Tu can be Yu, then it is, and the person of Tu can be Yu, not necessarily. Although it can't be Yu, it can be harmless.
It is enough to travel all over the world, but there is no one who can travel all over the world. Husbands, craftsmen and farmers can not do things with each other, but they can not do things with each other.
In this way, it can be done, but it may not be possible, and although it can't, it can be harmless. However, whether it can be or not is not different, and it cannot be obvious.
Literal translation:
It has been said, "Accumulation of good deeds can lead to sainthood, but not all people can do that, why is that?"
It can be reached, but they cannot be forced to reach it. A villain can be a gentleman, but he is not willing to be a gentleman, and a gentleman can be a villain, but he is not willing to be a villain. Villains and gentlemen may not be able to exchange with each other, but the reason they do not exchange with each other is because they can do it, but they refuse to do it.
So it's certain that ordinary people can become people like Yu, but it's not necessarily true that ordinary people can become people like Yu. Although he can't become Dayu, this doesn't prevent him from becoming Dayu. You can walk all over the world with your feet, but there may not be anyone who can walk all over the world. It is not impossible for them to exchange their business with each other, but they have not exchanged them. From this point of view, it is not necessarily possible to do so.
Even if you don't do it, you can do it without harming it. So, there is a big difference between whether it can or can, and whether it can or can. They cannot be treated as the same thing, and the reason is obvious.
23·16 尧问于舜曰：“人情何如？”
Shun said: "The human affection is not beautiful, so why ask?
The wife has filial piety and decays in relatives, lust and faith declines in friends, and Jue Luying and loyalty declines in the king.
If it is not beautiful, why should it be asked? ”
Literal translation:
Yao asked Shun: "How are the favors?" Shun replied: "The favors are very bad, do you still need to ask? If you have a wife, you will not be filial to your parents, and when your desires are satisfied, you will not be honest enough, and if you have obtained a high official position, you will not be very loyal to the monarch. ”
23.17 He who knows a saint, a gentleman, a villain, and a servant. Many words are like words, and they are discussed all day long, and the words are ever-changing, and they are all the same, which is the knowledge of the sage.
If you say less, you will be provincial, and if you talk about it, if you don't use it, it is the knowledge of the gentleman.
His words are also flattering, his deeds are also contrary, and his actions are remorseful, which is the knowledge of the villain.
Qi gives the convenience of being sensitive and classless, miscellaneous can be sidelined and useless, analyzing the speed and purity without urgency, not caring about right and wrong, regardless of the merits, in order to win the people, it is the knowledge of the servant.
Literal translation:
There are people with the wisdom of saints, the wisdom of scholars and gentlemen, the wisdom of villains, and the wisdom of sluts.
When he speaks, he is very varied, but there is only one general principle, and this is the wisdom of a sage; when he speaks little, he is straightforward, methodical and lawful, which is the wisdom of a gentleman; and when he speaks endlessly, his behavior is disorderly and unreasonable, which is the wisdom of a villain.
Articulate, but incoherent, with a wide range of skills, but useless, quick to analyze problems, but not in line with urgent needs, regardless of right and wrong, always hoping to outperform others, this is the wisdom of the slut.
23.18 There are the brave, the middle, and the low. There is a middle in the world, dare to straighten up;
The first king had a way and dared to do what he wanted; the king did not follow the king of the troubled times, and the people of the troubled times were not vulgar; there was no poverty where the benevolence was, and there was no wealth where the benevolence died; if the world knew it, he wanted to share the joys and sorrows with the world; if the world did not know it, he would be independent between heaven and earth and not afraid: it was the courage of the heavens.
Courteous and thrifty, great Qi is trustworthy and light on goods; the sage dares to push and still it, and the unscrupulous dare to help and abandon it: it is the courage of the middle. Light body and heavy goods, misfortune and wide relief; not sympathetic to right and wrong, but otherwise, in order to win people's intentions: is the next brave.
Literal translation:
There are the best brave, there are the middle brave, and there are the inferior brave. When there is righteousness in the world, dare to stand up; the first kings have the right way to pass down and dare to implement it; at the top, they do not obey the king of troubled times, and at the bottom, they do not mix with the people of troubled times; where benevolence, righteousness and morality are, there is no need to be poor.
Where benevolence, righteousness and morality are not there, there is no wealth, and if the people of the world know him, they are willing to share the joy with the people of the world, and if the people of the world do not understand him, he will stand between the heavens and the earth without fear, and this is the most courageous person.
Polite and humble in heart, valuing credit over goods, daring to recommend virtuous people to high positions, daring to pull down unvirtuous people and remove them, this is a moderately brave person.
A person who despises his own life and values his possessions, who is content with disasters and is relieved in many ways, who evades responsibility, who ignores the actual situation of right and wrong, right and wrong, and who is bent on overcoming others, is an inferior and courageous person.
23.19 Weak and strong, the ancient good bow is also, but if it is not arranged, it cannot be self-righteous.
Huan Gong's onion, Taigong's Que, King Wen's record, Zhuang Jun's Cao, the cadres of Lu, Mo Xie, Juque, Pi Lu, these are all ancient good swords, but if you don't sharpen it, you can't benefit, and you can't break it if you can't manpower.
Hualiu, Luji, Slim, Green Ear, these are all ancient good horses, but there must be a system of bridle in front, and there is the power of spur in the back, coupled with the control of the father, and then a day and thousands of miles. Although the lady is beautiful in nature and knowledgeable, she will seek a good teacher and choose a good friend.
If you get a virtuous teacher, you will hear the way of Yao, Shun, Yu, and Tang; if you have good friends and friends, you will be faithful and respectful to those who have seen, and those who are in benevolence and righteousness without knowing it will be a fool.
Now when we deal with unkind people, those who hear about it will deceive and deceive, and those who see it will be filthy, immoral, and greedy for profit, and those who will be tortured and killed without knowing it. It is said: "I don't know that his son regards his friends, and I don't know that his king regards his left and right." "That's it!
Literal translation:
Weak and giant millet are all good bows in ancient times, but if they are not corrected by correction tools, they cannot be corrected by themselves. Qi Huangong's onion, Jiang Taigong's que, King Wen of Zhou's record, King Chuzhuang's stay, Wu Wang's cadre, Mo Ye, Juque, Pilu, these are all famous swords in ancient times, but they will not be sharp without being sharpened, and if no one uses it, the sword cannot cut things. Hualiu, Qiji, Xianli, and Green Ears are all good horses in ancient times, but the front must be controlled by the horse's chew and the horse's reins, and the back must be whipped by a horsewhip, and there must be a hand like the Father to control it, so that it can travel thousands of miles a day. Even if you have good qualifications and a smart mind, you must learn from the Master and make good friends.
When you follow the Master, you hear the right path of Yao, Shun, Yu, and Tang, and when you make good friends, you see the behavior of loyalty, trustworthiness, respect, and courtesy.
I am imperceptibly seeding into the realm of benevolence and righteousness, which is the result of observing and imitating. If you get along with bad people, what you hear is deception and hypocrisy, and what you see is dirty, deceitful, indecent, and greedy behavior, and you don't know that you will be punished and killed, and this is also due to the result of observing and imitating.
It is said in an ancient book: "If you don't know your son, look at his friends, and if you don't know the monarch, you will be clear if you look at the courtiers around the monarch." "This is the result of observing and emulating!