"Wei, Jin, and Qing Talk History": The "Encyclopedia of Wei Jin and Qing Talks"

"The History of Wei, Jin, and Qing Dynasties" is a work that comprehensively explores the historical process of Wei, Jin, and Qing dynasties. The book takes time as an axis and nearly 200 Wei and Jin celebrities as clues to trace the origin of Qing Talks, redefine the connotation of Qing Talks, and present the magnificent history of more than 200 years of Wei and Jin Dynasty Qing Talks. The author hooked and sank from historical books and notes such as "Shishuo Xinyu" and "Book of Jin", talked freely about the deeds of Wei and Jin celebrities such as Ji Kang, Wang Xizhi, Xie An, etc., and comprehensively answered the questions of what Wei and Jin Qing talked about, how to talk, where to talk, and who to talk to, covering all aspects such as metaphysical talk, elegant talk, beauty theory, orthodox theory, character commentary, and Buddhist Qing talk. The book vividly shows the vivid scenes of the Wei and Jin Qing Talks, and expands the research space of the Wei and Jin Qing Talks.

Celebrities and Sharp Teeth: Fight for fame and lead the academic trend

It turns out that first-rate talkers are also afraid of losing their reputation, and do not hesitate to avoid the occasion of discussion that is useful but may be frustrated. After all, Qing Tan has the attribute of traveling, and "cherishing feathers" is not a bad thing. After all, the depth of knowledge and the high level of righteousness of the Qing talker are fundamental. —Editor's note

The word "Famous Guest" comes from the May Fourth of "The World Says and Pai Tune":

Jian Wen walked up the hall, and the right army and Sun Xinggong followed. The right army pointed to Jianwen and Sun said: "This is a famous guest." Jian Wen Gu said: "The world has its own teeth." ”

There are several sentences at the end of this story, such as "Hou Wang Guanglu made a meeting", which has little to do with the purpose of this section, so it is omitted. What makes people feel interesting are "celebrities" and "sharp teeth". Yu Jiaxi thought that "eating famous guests" was a mistake of "eating stones", and I thought that "eating famous guests" was correct. "Eating stones" is a Taoist method, and Sun Xinggong is good at holding arguments, which has nothing to do with "eating stones", and "Yin Yun's Novel" is not enough. "Famous guest" is a metaphor for people who have a good name and are greedy for fame. Although the name is invisible, it can also be eaten. "The Biography of Wei Zhi Lu Yu" said: "The election should not be famous, and the name should be picturesque, and it should not be eaten." It can be seen that the Wei and Jin dynasties had their own "name" saying. The name can be eaten, some people have dull teeth and are not good at fighting for fame, and some people have sharp teeth and are good at getting names. However, what does "sharp teeth" mean? It should also refer to a master who is eloquent and good at talking and gaining fame. The history of Qing Tan proves that "famous guests" are often "sharp teeth", and "sharp teeth" are the easiest to achieve "famous guests". "Famous guests" and "sharp teeth" are inseparable, and jointly promote the development of Qing Tan.

Since the late Han Dynasty when the talk was popular, "celebrities" and "sharp teeth" have always been the leading figures in the academic trend. In terms of human talent, people have different arguments. "Sharp teeth" who are convenient to speak are often more dominant, and naturally they are easier to get names. There are countless examples of this kind, as far as the famous people of the late Han Dynasty are concerned, Bian Rang, Guo Tai, Xie Zhen and others are all "sharp teeth" who can speak well. Although these people may not all want to "be famous", the social evaluation is preferable to those who are good at talking, and the result will inevitably be famous.

The Wei and Jin dynasties talked about inheriting the legacy of the late Han Dynasty, and those who were subtle in their righteousness and unhindered in oral argumentation often won a great reputation. Famous people such as He Yan, Wang Bi, Zhong Hui, Le Guang, Wang Yan, Wei Jue, Yin Hao, etc., are all like this. They are not necessarily all "famous guests", but all of them are "sharp teeth", with subtle metaphysics and first-class eloquence, they enjoy a high position in the history of Wei, Jin and Qing dynasties.

Some people commented on the Wei and Jin Qing talks, exaggerating the role of Qing talks, thinking that they were just using them to get acquainted with celebrities and gain fame, while ignoring the essence of Qing talks was the pursuit of righteousness. As mentioned many times in the previous article, the academic nature of Qing Tan shows that in fact, excellent Qing Tan writers all have the spirit of exploring righteousness and reasoning. The result, of course, is to gain a reputation for the times. What's wrong with gaining a reputation for academic excellence, and if you deserve it? Just like an athlete in the arena, almost everyone works hard and everyone wants to compete for the championship. Can we despise that they are all "famous guests"? "The Biography of Wei Zhi Zhonghui" says: "He is strong, talented and skillful, and erudite, refining his name and reason, and he has gained reputation by continuing his day by night." "Gaining reputation from refining fame is just as it is natural to get fruit from planting.

Of course, not all of the Qing people are "celebrities", such as "Wang Bi Tongjun, not famous and high" ("Wei Zhi Zhonghui Biography" notes He Shao's "Wang Bi Biography"), purely academics as a way of survival, and even regard it as the whole meaning of life. However, is it necessary that the "famous guests" of the Qing Tan will be inferior? This may not be, because the "rules of the game" of the Qing Tan will inevitably distinguish the winners and the losers. In any kind of skill competition, the final result is the determination of the ranking, and the winner is honored. The essence of Qing Tan is a contest between righteousness and reason, and the form is a debate between the two sides of the attack. Profound knowledge, subtle reasoning, and exquisite rhetoric are the result of long-term study, study, and logical training, and cannot be invincible by mere articulate words. In most cases, the Qing talks of the Wei and Jin dynasties are a true reflection of the level of righteousness and rhetoric of the Qing talkers. Moreover, sometimes there are many observers, or participants, who have studied the topic of discussion. From the moment the talker began to talk, he could not hide his clumsiness. First-class talkers, all genuine. The fame of "famous guests", sharp teeth are of course important factors, and the depth of knowledge and the level of righteousness are fundamental after all.

The story of Xu Xun's debate with Wang Gouzi when he was young mentioned above (see Shishuo Literature, 38) is enough to illustrate the importance of the name of the merits and disadvantages of the Qing Dynasty and the fundamental reason why the "famous guest" can "eat the name". It seems that Xu Xun was a "celebrity guest" when he was young, and people compared him with Gou Zi, and he felt that his clear talk was better than Gou Zi, and he felt very unfair; Xu Xun fought for his reputation, spared no effort, and finally won after "bitter setbacks". proved that he was indeed better than Gou Zi, and others did not know the advantages and disadvantages of comparing him with Gou Zi. However, Zhi Daolin disagreed with Xu Xun's argument in the name of Xu Xun, saying that why he forced Gou Zi to the point of being exhausted, which was not a matter of reasoning.

Zhi Daolin, with the kind face of the division commander, instructed Xu Xun to "be reasonable and forgiving", in fact, he himself is an out-and-out "famous guest" and a rare "sharp tooth". For example, the fourth and fifth words of "Shishuo Literature" say, "Yu Fa began to compete with the branch for fame." The most embarrassing thing about Zhi Daolin is that the story of "Yulin" is quoted in the fourth and third notes of "Shishuo Literature": "(Yin) Hao is unable to do anything in the Buddhist scriptures, so he sent people to welcome Lin Gong." Lin Gongnai was humble and wanted to go, and the right army of the king was stationed and said: "The origin of the thought leads to the deep wealth, and it is not easy to become an enemy, and he does not understand, the Venerable Master may not be able to understand it." Obedience is also not a good name. If they don't get along, they will lose their protection for ten years. You don't have to go. Lin Gong also thought so, and stopped. ”

The story of Wang Youjun's dissuasion of Zhi Dun wanting to discuss Buddhist scriptures with Yin Hao is an excellent source for understanding the relationship between Qing Tan and "famous guests". First of all, Wang Xizhi's love for fame is the heaviest, thinking that Yin Hao's righteousness is subtle, and the problems he doesn't understand, you may not be able to understand it. Even if you can pass and Yin Hao is convinced, your reputation will not increase. If you are also negligent and do not agree with the meaning of the scriptures, you will lose ten years of Taoism, so you can't go. It can be seen that Wang Xizhi's starting point for dissuading support is to keep his reputation. In his view, only the talk of fame is meaningful: if it damages fame, there is no need to talk about it. In this way, reputation is more important than the search for righteousness. Unexpectedly, Wang Youjun, who is dashing and dusty, is a "famous guest" who only sees fame in the eyes of the Qing talk group. Secondly, Zhi Dun actually obeyed Xi Zhi's persuasion and lost a good opportunity to learn from Yin Hao, which shows that he is also a "famous guest". Mingren Zhong Yu commented: "Dial the monk's famous root." As a famous monk in the world, Zhi Dun naturally understands the fundamental principle of the Buddhist scriptures "all laws are empty". Name, illusory is not as real as a floating cloud bubble. He agrees that everything is empty, but in the real world, he even cares about his reputation like this! It can be seen that eminent monks are sometimes "celebrities", which in turn proves once again that "celebrities" are indeed an important promoter of the prevalence of Qing talk.

One of the important reasons why Qing Tan was popular in the Wei and Jin dynasties for 200 years is that Qing Tan can often be used as a beautiful sign for celebrities and scholars, and those who are good at talking can become famous. Therefore, we might as well think that it is the "famous guests" and "sharp teeth" that promote the continuous development of metaphysics and Qing talk. For example, Wang Xizhi is a conservative "celebrity guest" who is not honest enough, and he is misled by Xi Yi, although he is also "famous", but his struggle for fame does not damage his spirit of endeavor. His Qing and the study of Xuan Buddha are very pioneering. The fame that is rising to the sky does not come from cherishing feathers and fearing the fight on the debate field. On the contrary, Zhi Dun talked extensively about the Xuan Buddha, who was known as a Wang Bi-style figure, which was the fundamental reason for his great reputation.

In the process of continuous development of Qing Tan, "Famous Guests" have made great contributions. Although there are some Qing Tan celebrities who like to have high self-standards, such as Xie Kun, Liu Yi, Sun Sui and others. Among them, Liu Yi is the most prominent, claiming to be a first-rate figure in Qing talk, and undoubtedly a "famous guest". However, in fact, Liu Yi is indeed first-rate. If "fame" is not deceptive to the world, and can be named by the name of the school, there is nothing to criticize. Any knowledge or skill, as long as it is respected and deserved, sweep away the deception and stealing the world, there will inevitably be real celebrities and true masters.