Some Thoughts on Strengthening the Construction of Local New Think Tanks-Zhang Shucun|National (China) Think Tank
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A high-level think tank is a concentrated embodiment and an important symbol of the soft power of a country and a region. In April 2013, the goal of building a "new type of think tank with Chinese characteristics" was put forward for the first time, and it was elevated to the level of national strategy. In November of the same year, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform", which clearly proposed to "strengthen the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics and establish and improve the decision-making consultation system", which was the first time that the concept of "think tank" was put forward by the central government.
In January 2015, the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of New Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics" issued by the Office of the Central Committee and the Office of the State Council clearly stated: "Coordinate and promote the coordinated development of party and government departments, the Academy of Social Sciences, the School of Administration of Party schools, universities, the military, scientific research institutes and enterprises, and social think tanks, and form a new think tank system with Chinese characteristics with clear positioning, distinctive characteristics, appropriate scale, and reasonable layout."
Focus on building a number of high-end think tanks with great influence and international reputation", "local academies of social sciences and party schools and administrative schools should focus on serving local party committees and governments in decision-making, and if conditions permit, they should provide decision-making consulting services for relevant central departments", which points out the way forward for strengthening the construction of local new-type think tanks in the new era, which is of milestone significance.
1. General classification of think tanks and division of local think tanks in mainland China
The scientific classification of think tanks is the basis for strengthening the construction of think tanks. Think tanks can be classified according to their functional positioning, service areas, funding sources, independence and stability. For example, from the perspective of functional differences, think tanks can be divided into strategic think tanks and strategic think tanks, strategic think tanks mainly study major strategic issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and provide consulting and services for government decision-making.
Strategic think tanks are mainly to solve specific problems in economic and social development and provide consulting services for local decision-making. James McGann, a well-known expert in think tank research in the United States, divided think tanks into five types according to the composition of think tank research objects and key personnel, namely policy-making think tanks, political party endorsement think tanks, shadow think tanks, scholar think tanks, and social activist think tanks. These two classification methods are mainly based on the different characteristics of European and American think tanks, so they are more suitable for classifying Western think tanks, but not necessarily for mainland think tanks.
At present, the classification method adopted in China is based on the affiliation of institutions and capital composition. Think tanks are divided into four categories: official think tanks, semi-official think tanks, university-affiliated think tanks, and non-governmental organization think tanks. This classification method is more in line with the national conditions of the mainland. However, it is worth noting that the line between official and semi-official think tanks is not so clear.
For example, the China Center for International Economic Exchanges is often regarded as a representative of China's semi-official think tanks, but in terms of leadership composition and organizational structure, the China Center for International Economic Exchanges is more "official" than many official think tanks. Therefore, as far as the mainland is concerned, the current official think tanks in a broad sense can also include semi-official think tanks. Of course, with the continuous development and maturity of semi-official think tanks, the differences between the two may gradually become apparent.
In the author's opinion, local think tanks on the mainland can be divided into the following categories: First, the research offices of party committees and governments at all levels and the internal research institutes of government departments. These institutions directly serve the party committees and governments, organize and carry out research and research around the major theories and key issues of the party committees and governments, and their research results directly serve the decision-making and leadership.
The second is the Academy of Social Sciences, the Party School, the School of Administration, and other social science research institutions. Due to their advantageous position in the political structure, such think tanks have great advantages in policy research and service methods, and related research is relatively independent. Third, research institutes within institutions of higher learning. For example, the development research institutes and regional economic research institutes of some universities are relatively independent and self-reliant, and their academic awareness is relatively strong, and researchers, especially leaders, often have high social prestige, and their research results can often get the attention of policymakers.
Fourth, the strategic research offices (departments) within the enterprise, these research institutions generally only focus on research topics closely related to their own industries. Fifth, private registered research institutions. The number of purely non-governmental registered research institutions in the mainland is still very small, and the living environment is still relatively fragile, but their research members are often concentrated in well-known research experts, and the research content has its own outstanding professional characteristics, and its research results are highly innovative and have a lot of room for development.
Second, the development and changes of the times require the construction of new local think tanks
Since the reform and opening up, China's think tanks have made great progress, gradually moving from behind the scenes to the foreground, from passive research to active services, and their ability to provide decision-making advice to party committees and governments has been continuously enhanced. Especially after the international financial crisis, new and profound changes have taken place in the international and domestic environment and many influencing factors, which have brought many opportunities and challenges to the development of China's think tanks.
From the perspective of the international environment, the multipolarization of the world and economic globalization have developed in depth, scientific and technological innovation has given birth to new breakthroughs, and the environment for peace, development and cooperation has become more complex. The impact of the international financial crisis is far-reaching, many uncertainties have emerged in world economic growth, there have been obvious changes in the structure of global demand, competition around markets, resources, talents, technologies and standards has become more intense, global issues such as climate change, energy and resource security, and food security have become more prominent, and various forms of formalism have risen.
The complex international environment makes the content and grasp of decision-making more complicated. In this new context, there is an urgent need for a new type of think tank with internationalization and strategy to provide advice and ideological and strategic support for countries and regions in the social, economic, scientific, technological, military, diplomatic and other aspects. Judging from the domestic environment, the mainland has entered a new period of coordinating and promoting the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, comprehensively deepening reforms, comprehensively advancing the rule of law, and comprehensively and strictly administering the party.
The building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way has entered the decisive stage, the comprehensive deepening of reform has entered a period of tackling tough problems, the task of reform, development and stability in various places is arduous and arduous, and the complexity and arduousness of the problems that need to be dealt with and solved are unprecedented. Especially in the context of today's economic globalization and integration, the factors affecting local development and government decision-making are becoming more and more complex and diverse, intertwined, and it is urgent to vigorously strengthen the construction of think tanks with local characteristics, widely collect and make full use of social wisdom, provide decision-making basis for party committees and governments, support scientific decision-making with scientific consultation, and lead scientific development with scientific decision-making.
From the perspective of industry enterprises, with the diversification of economic life and the deepening of the trend of global integration of various industries, the development of each industry has become a huge and complex system, and the competition of industry enterprises is intensifying. In this system, a huge group of enterprises have their own different demands, there is a great information asymmetry, how to deal with fierce competition, seeking new growth points, urgently need some professional local think tanks to study the development strategy of enterprises, study the development trend of the industry, and realize the information sharing of the industry and enterprises.
From the perspective of scientific and technological innovation, the development of new technologies such as the Internet, especially the application of big data, and the subversive revolution of traditional industries brought about by new business formats, have posed various new challenges to the decision-making of party committees and governments, and it is urgent to solve the problems one by one by strengthening the construction of new think tanks. Today, with the continuous improvement of the market economy, whether it is a national think tank or an industry think tank, whether it is a government think tank or a non-governmental think tank, it is what we need in our time.
Although there are still problems in the development of think tanks, such as the imperfect macro environment, the inaccurate positioning of think tanks, the slow development of non-governmental think tanks, and the need to improve the quality of think tanks, with the development and changes of the times and economic and social development, all kinds of think tanks at all levels will surely provide more ideological views, value standards, and policy products for the society, and the role of think tanks in social life and the influence on the decision-making of party committees and governments are becoming more and more important.
3. The main problems faced by strengthening the construction of new local think tanks
At present, local think tanks on the mainland are mainly official and semi-official, the development of non-governmental think tanks is relatively slow, there is a lack of ideological collision and exchange of views between think tanks, there are many constraints on the role of decision-making think tanks, and the construction of new local think tanks is still facing a series of problems that need to be solved urgently.
First, the need for decision-making is not accurately grasped. On the one hand, the communication channels between local think tanks and party committees and governments are not smooth enough. Some think tanks have been relatively closed for a long time, and most of the research results are limited to exchanges and communication among peers, making it difficult to jump out of this circle and go to society and party committees and governments to make decisions. Even if it undertakes the research of the project entrusted by the party committee and government, it has the characteristics of randomness, temporary and short-term.
On the other hand, due to various reasons, the party committee and government lack the necessary trust in some think tank institutions, especially non-governmental think tanks, and rarely take the initiative to communicate with local think tanks in the decision-making process. There is a lack of regular contact institutions and mechanisms between party committees and governments and think tanks, and it is difficult for scientific researchers to directly and timely grasp the major issues that party committees and governments are concerned about.
Second, the research results are not very targeted. The life and value of theory lies in its ability to explain and solve practical problems, and practice is the only criterion for testing the authenticity of theory. The mission of think tanks is to serve decision-making, not just pure theoretical research, and to focus on major and hot issues in national and local economic and social development;
Guided by the needs of the party committee, the government and the society, we provide them with high-quality decision-making consulting services, so that they can truly become a "think tank" and "think tank" that the party committee and government and society can "use, rely on, and cannot do without". However, at present, many think tanks lack an understanding of social conditions and public opinion, lack of grasp of policies, and there is a disconnect between research results and practice, and there is insufficient connection with the work of party committees and governments, which weakens the influence and effect of think tanks on decision-making.
Third, there is not a smooth communication between think tanks. First, there is a lack of overall coordination between official and non-governmental think tanks, which makes it difficult to effectively give full play to the advantages of all aspects, especially non-governmental think tanks. Official think tanks, such as the policy research offices of party committees and government systems, are mainly responsible for short-term countermeasure research, while non-governmental think tanks tend to focus on medium- and long-term development research and basic research.
Second, different types of research institutions organize research on the same research topic, and then send them to the decision-making level, which has many similarities, resulting in a double waste of intelligence and material funds.
Fourth, the decision-making consultation procedures are not standardized. For a long time, the participation of think tanks in decision-making consultation is not inevitable due to institutional design, and whether experts participate in the decision-making process often depends on the accident of decision-makers' choices, rather than being included in the decision-making legal process. Scientific decision-making consultation depends on the standardization of the consultation procedure, and without a complete system as a guarantee, it relies solely on the quality of decision-makers and consulting experts, and its role is limited.
At present, when some localities and departments make major policy decisions and demonstrate major projects, they still make decisions based on experience, do not pay enough attention to expert suggestions, and even exclude experts who hold different opinions.
Fourth, the key points to be firmly grasped in the construction of new local think tanks
Under the background of profound changes in the current international and domestic situation, to strengthen the construction of new think tanks with local characteristics, it is necessary to examine from the height of the development of the times, follow the law of think tank development, standardize and guide the healthy development of think tanks, especially the following key points.
First, strengthening the construction of new local think tanks must serve major decision-making. The primary task of strengthening the construction of new local think tanks is to play the role of "think tanks" and "think tanks" to provide decision-making consultation, program evaluation, policy interpretation and other services for party committees, governments and society.
Under the strategic layout of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, comprehensively deepening reforms, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly governing the party, to strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, we must start from the overall and long-term interests of the national economy and people's livelihood, firmly adhere to the guidance of service decision-making, continuously strengthen forward-looking, strategic and comprehensive research on major issues, and continuously improve the level of comprehensive research and judgment and decision-making and planning on major issues, so as to provide the most urgent, targeted and effective research results for local party committees and governments in a timely and efficient manner, and promote them in a coordinated manner" The "four comprehensive" strategic layout provides high-quality intellectual support.
Second, to strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, we must innovate systems and mechanisms. To strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, it is necessary to base ourselves on reality, identify problems, and pay attention to innovation in systems and mechanisms. Generally speaking, the development of think tanks on the mainland is still in the initial stage, and there is still a big gap between them and first-class think tanks abroad, and they cannot meet the decision-making needs and expectations of the party committees and the government.
In order to build them into professional modern high-end think tanks, we must firmly grasp the characteristics of the development of think tanks, follow the law of think tank construction, and constantly increase the reform of the system and mechanism, especially to make great efforts to solve the problems of overlapping management institutions, unclear functional positioning, scattered scientific research resources, and slow transformation of achievements in the current system and mechanism, and constantly realize the innovation of the organization and management system, the scientific research system and the fund management mechanism, the achievement evaluation and transformation mechanism, and the exchange and cooperation mechanism.
Third, to strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, we must continue to enhance their characteristics. At present, there are quite a few think tanks of all kinds at all levels on the mainland, but their quality needs to be further improved, and the key lies in making all kinds of think tanks "refined" and forming their own characteristics, rather than simply engaging in "large and comprehensive" thinking tanks and relying on scale to win. From the perspective of research fields, on the basis of continuously expanding the research content, all kinds of think tanks should carry out more research on some specialized issues, especially concentrate on key areas, follow up some major issues for a long time, form their own brands in specific fields, and maintain leading edges.
For example, the Center for International and Strategic Studies of the United States has been focusing on the research of "evaluation of the strength of countries around the world" for many years, and has continuously published papers and related publications, forming a brand influence in this field, which has a good reference significance for the development of our local think tanks. Therefore, the academies of social sciences, party schools, administrative colleges, colleges and universities, and some non-governmental think tanks in various localities should find out their own positioning, and give full play to their own research advantages and expertise according to the characteristics of regional locations.
Fourth, to strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, we must make good use of big data platforms. How to make good use of the big data platform in combination with the development of the Internet and provide data support for think tank research is a problem that must be solved in the construction of new local think tanks. The characteristics of think tank research determine that it is necessary to grasp and analyze information data in a timely manner, and make research and judgment on the trend of economic and social development based on comprehensive big data information.
Judging from the current combination of think tank research and big data, the use of big data platforms needs to be further strengthened. The first is to strengthen the construction of specialized data management and analysis departments. Cultivate and cultivate a talent team that has mastered specialized data analysis methods, has the ability to analyze and write, and can quickly refine and mine information from massive data in the era of big data.
The second is to build an authoritative data release platform. Through scientific research methods and technical means, all kinds of data are excavated and analyzed, and an authoritative data center with independent information sources is gradually formed, an authoritative release and brand service is created, and data products are launched on a regular basis to realize the monitoring, evaluation, early warning and prediction of major economic and social issues, and provide ideas and action plans for scientific decision-making of party committees and governments at all levels.
Fifth, to strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, we must promote diversified development. Scientific public decision-making is often the result of the collision of multiple perspectives and perspectives. From a long-term perspective, the society needs to increase the reform of official think tanks, support and guide the development of non-governmental think tanks, and build a think tank system in which "official think tanks", "semi-official think tanks" and "non-governmental think tanks" complement each other and develop together.
The first is to promote the reform of official and semi-official think tanks. Create conditions to reform the system and mechanism, so that the function of the think tank is gradually separated from the function of the secretary, and give it a certain degree of autonomy and independence. The second is to promote the rapid development of non-governmental think tanks. Compared with official think tanks, non-governmental think tanks are more independent in thinking, more neutral in their positions, and more diverse in their views.
Judging from the current situation, it is necessary to intensify the development of non-governmental think tanks in all aspects, create a good environment for the development of non-governmental think tanks, and promote the healthy development of non-governmental think tanks. The third is to ensure the diversification of research funds for various think tanks. Explore the establishment of government policy research funds, and guide the participation of social welfare funds through policies, so that think tanks can obtain diversified funding sources.
Sixth, to strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, exchanges and cooperation must be strengthened. To strengthen the construction of new local think tanks, it is necessary to give full play to their respective characteristics and advantages, and strengthen academic exchanges and cooperation. At present, the mainland is in a critical period of realizing the strategic goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and all tasks are very arduous in comprehensively deepening reforms, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly administering the party.
Many hot and difficult issues are characterized by diversity, complexity and comprehensiveness, and the strength of a single or a certain type of think tank often cannot provide a good reference for decision-making for the party committee and the government, which requires active cooperation and exchanges between various think tanks.
Such cooperation and exchanges can be in the same field or across fields, official or non-governmental, and domestic or foreign. To this end, on the basis of exploring and forming a benign interactive relationship between various think tanks and decision-making organs, it is necessary to continuously strengthen comprehensive, long-term, and stable exchanges and cooperation among various think tanks.
Fifth, the construction of new local think tanks must be classified policies
In recent years, although some achievements have been made in the construction of local think tanks and they have played a relatively important role in serving local economic and social development, there is still a big gap between them and the requirements of building new local think tanks. In addition to the efforts of local think tanks themselves, party committees and governments at all levels should create good conditions for the construction of new local think tanks, implement policies by category, focus on building a number of high-end professional think tanks that directly serve the decision-making of party committees and governments and have important influence in the local area, and form a new think tank system with Chinese characteristics and rich local characteristics.
First, it is necessary to continuously enhance the ability of party committees and government research offices at all levels, as well as government departments, research institutes, and think tanks to serve decision-making. Give full play to the advantages of policy research institutions of party committees and governments at all levels being close to the reality of decision-making, closely following the research issues with the center, and directing the research results directly to the leadership, concentrate on doing a good job in the research of practical issues urgently needed for party committee and government decision-making, and continuously enhance the pertinence and timeliness of research. It is necessary to give full play to the overall role of party committees and government policy research institutions at all levels in the study of major theories and key issues, and coordinate the forces of various think tanks to jointly serve local economic and social development.
Second, we should give full play to the comprehensive research advantages of think tanks such as the Academy of Social Sciences, the Party School, and the School of Administration, and play a key and leading role in the construction of new local think tanks. Focus on giving full play to the advantages of comprehensive social science research institutions of local academies of social sciences, continuously improve the governance structure that meets the needs of the construction of new think tanks, give full play to the advantages of medium and long-term strategic research, and continuously improve the ability and level of decision-making consultation, theoretical innovation, public opinion guidance and service to the society, and play an exemplary and leading role in the construction of local think tanks.
It is necessary to promote the integration of scientific research undertakings and service decision-making consultation in party schools and administrative academies, so that scientific research training and decision-making services can promote each other; give full play to the advantages of party schools and administrative academies in their ideas, viewpoints, and achievements that can directly affect the trainees and enhance their influence in political consultation.
Third, we should give full play to the comparative advantages of university think tanks, such as comprehensive disciplines, large number of personnel, and good theoretical foundation, and promote university think tanks to serve local economic and social development. Continuously improve the ability of university think tanks to link theory with practice, guide university think tank experts to actively engage in research on practical issues, take advantage of solid theoretical foundation, carry out research on forward-looking and strategic issues, actively participate in decision-making, participate in the formulation and consultation and demonstration of major policies, release research results in a timely manner, and give play to the role of public opinion guidance.
Fourth, give full play to the research advantages of think tanks of local scientific research institutes such as local academies of science and technology in terms of local science and technology development strategy, planning, layout, policy, etc., encourage them to actively connect with practical work departments, carry out cooperative research around the needs of local economic and social development, and strive to build a professional think tank in the development of science and technology and industrial development in the region and field, and form a high-end consulting brand in this field.
Fifth, give full play to the advantages of enterprise think tanks close to market demand and provide information and consultation for local economic and social development. Support enterprises to set up a new type of think tank that is closely integrated with production, education, research and application, give full play to the advantages of enterprise think tanks close to the market and can quickly and timely reflect market dynamics, focus on the industry, focus on the industrial structure adjustment, industrial development planning, industrial technology direction, industrial policy formulation, major engineering projects, etc.
Sixth, give full play to the advantages of the flexible operation mechanism of social think tanks, and provide various forms of think tank service products. Social think tanks generally exist independently of party committees and governments, and their operating mechanisms are more flexible and easier to provide various forms of services.
It is necessary to further regulate and guide the healthy development of social think tanks, solve the problems of difficulty in registration, lack of funds, and marginalization of social think tanks, provide institutionalized guarantees for social think tanks to participate in decision-making, consultation and research, and focus on promoting the development of "soft enterprises" and "smart enterprises" engaged in information services, consulting services, and training services. Improve the product supply mechanism of social think tanks, and encourage social think tanks to participate in government procurement decision-making consulting services.
Sixth, to build a new type of local think tank, we must build a think tank alliance
Compared with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Development Research Center of the State Council, the Party School of the Central Committee, and the National Academy of Administration, local think tanks have a big gap in terms of research ability and research level, experts and talent teams, and decision-making influence, public opinion influence, and social influence.
Therefore, it is necessary to choose a relatively strong think tank in each region to rely on, and cooperate with other think tanks to jointly build a local think tank alliance, integrate various think tank research resources, form a research force, carry out joint research, launch high-quality think tank research results, and continuously improve the ability and level of serving the decision-making of local party committees and governments. In the process of building a local think tank alliance, we can at least start from the following aspects:
First, local think tank alliances should establish a council system. Explore the establishment of a think tank alliance council, which is elected and composed by the members of the alliance units, and holds regular council meetings every year. The daily work of the Alliance is completed by the Standing Council and the Secretariat, which are responsible for implementing the resolutions of the Council, dealing with major issues in daily work, and ensuring the implementation of the work of the Think Tank Alliance.
Second, local think tank alliances should set up special research topics for think tanks. Think tank alliances should actively communicate and coordinate with local social science planning departments and soft science research management institutions, and strive to set up special research topics for think tanks. The special project of think tanks should focus on the hot and difficult issues of local economic and social development and the research areas urgently needed for decision-making, and the topics should be open to the public for bidding, and the member units of the think tank alliance and their researchers may give priority to the establishment of projects. The Think Tank Alliance should do a good job in organizing and implementing special topic selection, argumentation, application, and evaluation, and promptly submit research results with reference value for decision-making to local party committees and governments.
Third, local think tank alliances should set up awards for outstanding achievements of think tanks. The construction of a new type of think tank is not completely equivalent to traditional social science research, and its evaluation criteria and index system are also different from those of traditional social science research. However, in the current achievements and talent evaluation indicators, more emphasis is placed on basic theories, and the research results of applied countermeasures are not fully reflected.
To build a think tank alliance, a very important incentive tool is to set up a think tank outstanding achievement award, as a government award, so that it can be treated equally with the evaluation of natural science research achievements and traditional social science research results, and be equally valued in the selection and recommendation of various honorary titles, so as to fully reflect the value of think tank research results.
Fourth, local think tank alliances should build a think tank exchange platform. Relying on the alliance, we should actively carry out think tank exchange and discussion activities, and check the pulse of local economic and social development in a targeted manner. At the same time, expand the academic research exchange platform of think tanks, increase the publicity of think tanks and their achievements through the publication of journals and magazines, newspapers, and websites, focus on promoting the research trends and research results of the member units of the think tank alliance, publish think tank information, and share data information.
Fifth, local think tank alliances should set up think tank development foundations. In the early stage, the "foundation fund" will be injected by the treasury to ensure the start-up of the foundation. Implement the public welfare donation system, form a good situation for enterprises, social organizations, and individuals to donate funds for the construction of think tanks, so that the development of think tanks has a stable and sufficient source of funds. The Think Tank Development Fund is mainly used to support the construction of key think tanks, so that they can focus on think tank research without worries.
Sixth, local think tank alliances should cooperate in holding think tank forums. The cooperation of the forum is an effective starting point for the Think Tank Alliance to play a coordinating role, not only to organize the cooperation of the members of the Alliance, but also to cooperate with other well-known think tanks in China, as well as in the country and abroad, so as to borrow the wisdom of other regions to make suggestions and suggestions for local economic and social development.
The construction of a new type of think tank with Chinese characteristics has entered a new spring, and it can be said that thousands of sails are competing for the current. It is precisely for this reason that we should be soberly aware that the task of building a new type of think tank with Chinese characteristics is arduous and arduous, and the competitive situation is very severe, which requires the builders to work together, unite and coordinate, and race against time to work hard; I believe that the construction of a new type of think tank with Chinese characteristics will bear fruitful results!
(Zhang Shucun-The author is president of the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences) @ State Information Center, China Economic Information Agency, China Economic and Information Research Center, National Research Political Information and Economic Information Think Tank, National Research Political Information (Shandong) Economic Information Co., Ltd. News China, China News Gathering and Editing!
Some Thoughts on Strengthening the Construction of Local New Think Tanks-Zhang Shucun|National (China) Think Tank