There is no day and no spring breeze in the moon and season
Year of the Crane
Spring peaches and summer lotus, autumn chrysanthemums and winter plums, in the sunshine and rain in turn to show their own beauty, however, they have never been able to break free from the net of the change of seasons, quietly faded to the prosperity, the scenery is no more. However, the moon season has a knack for maintaining youth for a long time, showing its unique beauty all year round, which can be said to be a flower as its name suggests. Song Yang Wanli's poem "Only the flower is not red for ten days, and this flower is not spring breeze" has left the most vivid portrayal of the flowers blooming in the four seasons.
This flower has no sun and spring breeze
It is an evergreen and semi-evergreen shrub of the family Rosaceae. In China, it is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Hubei, Sichuan and Gansu provinces, especially in Shanghai, Nanjing, Changzhou, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and Beijing.
Monthly
The branches are prickly, pinnate compound leaves, and the flowers are often clustered. Because of the four seasons of flowering, there is the name of "moon and moon red" in ancient times, and there are also "Dou Xuehong", "Shengchun", "thin guest", "periwinkle" and other elegant names. Yueji is one of the traditional ornamental flowers in mainland China, known as the "queen of flowers". Its flowers are divergent and have a strong aroma. The flower types are rich and colorful, with single petals, double petals and high center curls. The colors are also very gorgeous, not only red, pink, yellow, white, green, orange and other monochrome, but also mixed colors, silver edges and other varieties. Among them, the "three changes of beauty", in the process of blooming, also successively show cyan, pink and pink and other colors, so it is very favored. The morphological characteristics of the "Qunfang Spectrum" are described as follows: "Shrubs, everywhere, people plant more, green stems, long vines, leaves are smaller than roses, stems and leaves have thorns, flowers have red, white and light red three colors, the white must be planted not to see the sun, see the sun then change and red, open month by month, four o'clock, flowers thousand leaves thick petals, also roses and the like." "Flower Mirror" says that it is "vine, clumped, with many branches but not very long." The safflower blooms in all seasons, with the difference of dark, light and white, similar to the rose, and the fragrance is especially excessive".
"Three changes in beauty" month season
From the perspective of its biological attributes, the moon season is quite closely related to roses and roses. In general, it is difficult for people to tell the difference. However, in the habit, people have a simple and easy way to distinguish: that is, the variety with large flower diameter, clustered and nearly thornless is the moon season; the branches are multi-vine, scattered and elegant, and the thorns are thin and the flowers are small; the thorns are more slender, the flowers are large and single-born, and the fragrance is rich and can refine the essence of the rose.
It can be said that the biggest feature of the moon season flower is that it is almost not divided into four seasons, and it can be seen all year round. Although its natural flowering season is generally from August to April, it seems to ignore these so-called routines, and even in the north it blooms from May to November, and in the south of the Yangtze River, it can be said to bloom as you like. Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty once described a kind of moon flower that blooms in winter: "Only the flower is not red for ten days, and this flower is not spring breeze for ten days." One tip has been stripped of the rouge pen, and the four are broken and wrapped in jadeite mushrooms. There is no fragrance beyond the peach and plum, but also in the snow and frost with the plum. Fold to see the New Year, forget that this morning is the season of winter. ”
Song Xuji admired it for its four seasons and the character of being happy with a hundred flowers, and laid it out: "As soon as the flowers come from the spring, the spring sun will not be put back." The snow garden is not monopolized by the plum, and the frost fence is about to bloom at the same time. The immortal species in the immortal cave, long live the splendid pile in front of the building. I don't care about the white horses, and the green poplars and red apricots urge each other. "You see, whether it is snow plum frost chrysanthemum, or green poplar and red apricot, it accepts it calmly and shares time.
As soon as the spring flowers come in, the spring sun will not be put back
China is the origin of Yueji, with a history of more than 2,000 years of cultivation. In the Han Dynasty, it was cultivated in large quantities, and in the Tang and Song dynasties, it became more commonly an ornamental tree to beautify courtyards and decorate gardens. Zhang Dafu's "Plum Blossom Thatched Cottage Pen Talk" recorded a plant in Haiyu Xingfu Temple in Jiangsu, which is said to be planted in the Song Dynasty: "Haiyu Xingfu Temple has a moon season flower, in front of the monk's house, its place is wide and can be ten zhang Xu, the long Luo Luo is like weaving, and it falls into a red array every month. To the middle of winter, the snow is bright and dazzling, and the wonders in the flowers are also. Monk can be a cloud, according to legend, it is a thing between Zhao and Song. "In Chengdu in the Song Dynasty, the moon season became a local garden flower that can be enjoyed all year round. Song Qi's "Yidu Fangwu Brief Notes" contains: "This flower is the so-called four-season flower in the East, the emerald vine and red flower; Han Qi, who worshiped the prime minister in the last years of Song Renzong, also had this description of the moon season in the east hall of his house: "The peony is very withered in the spring breeze, and the dew chrysanthemum is resentful in the evening." How can this flower be glorious and gorgeous, and the four long blooms light crimson. ”
How can this flower be glorious and gorgeous, and the four long blooms light crimson
In the past of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the cultivation of the moon season was more extensive, and the varieties were increasing day by day. According to Liu Tong of the Ming Dynasty, the Yueji planted in the area of Caoqiao in Fengtai, Beijing at that time was often purchased by the palace as the decoration of the inner garden of the palace. In the Qing Dynasty, there were 64 varieties of the moon season collected in the "Moon Season Flower Spectrum", and there were 109 kinds of moon season varieties recorded in the "Moon Season Painting Spectrum" of another Pinghua Museum.
A wide variety of moon seasons provide gorgeous colors for the people's courtyards, and also provide rich artistic materials for the poet's creation. As a result, under the pen of the poets, the moon season also presents a different kind of abundance, a different kind of look, it seems that no matter which season it blooms, it has its own unique charm -
In Song Zhanglei's pen, the moon season in the autumn wind is still a beautiful woman who stands tall in the cold branches and blooms red: "The moon season should only be in the sky, and the four seasons are always the same." Pitifully shook it into the west wind, and put a few cold branches red. The praise of the Ming man Zhang Xin is even more intense: "A flower letter is new, half of the east wind and half of the dust." Only this flower never gets tired of blooming, and the year is long and accounts for four springs. Zhu Shuzhen, a famous poetess in the Song Dynasty, even believed that the moon and seasons in her mind were clearly a kind of "periwinkle" that did not thank each other in all seasons, and it was far better than the Kao peony who came and went in a hurry: "A branch is only a branch of Yin, and it is a spring worker who is not idle." Even if the peony is stunning, it will be glorious for a piece of time. ”
A branch is only a branch of Yin, and it is not idle to work in spring
In the view of the Song Dynasty poet Chen Youyi, even the moon season in the rain has a unique touching and lingering charm: "The moon season flowers rain, and the spring return depends on it." East, west, north and south, you have to watch it a few times. ”
Flowers rain in the month
Because of these wonders, the literati invited each other to enjoy the moon season, which became a popular elegant act. The poem "Moon Season Flowers" by Sun Xingyan of the Qing Dynasty has described such a popular landscape: "The cold plum has been left in the evening festival, and it is also rich with the peach and plum bucket." Talented people appreciate each other when they see each other, and the world is this flower. ”
Talented people appreciate each other when they see each other, and the world is this flower
The moon flower has also become an excellent material for people to make bonsai. The "Flower Mirror" written during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty recorded that this kind of "similar to roses, but especially fragrant" moon flowers, "people mostly use potted plants for play".
Most people play with potted plants
In the poetry of the Ming man Liu Hui, the moon season of "green thorns containing smoke and gloom, red buds blooming month by month" not only "can fight the chrysanthemum before the frost, but also welcome the snow plum", but also has the "Chaohua pumping the marsh, the sunset pressing the fragrant moss" of the ghostly heart, therefore, he has every time he has "stepping on the spring shore, several times drunk gold cup" wild move. It can be said that he loves flowers and is not drunk.
Can fight the chrysanthemum before the frost, but also welcome the snow plum
Selected from Wang Henian's "Poetry of Flowers, Evergreen Woody Flowers", selected poems and annotations of seasonal flowers. (108 articles in total)
鄂作登字：2021-A-00041707
The photos are all works of netizens