Zhenzhitang press: Xiaobang Zhou's destruction of Dayi Shang was the most significant event in ancient Chinese history. During the period, there were many twists and turns, and it took two generations of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou to break through the capital of the Shang Dynasty-Yin. After the defeat, the last Shang king, Di Xin, set himself on fire and died, and the Great Shang Dynasty, which had lasted for more than 500 years, came to an end. Enthusiasts of ancient history love to discuss the process of the Zhou people's merchants, but few people are willing to delve into the deeper reasons. Originally, the Zhou people, who were taken in by the Yin Shang and obtained the fertile soil of Qishan, were able to break away from Rong Di, why did they rebel against the Shang in just one hundred years? Is it really because the Zhou people were originally Rong Di, and they were warlike by nature, and they would take revenge? After an in-depth investigation of the lost history, Zhenzhitang came up with a different answer. Why did the Zhou people want to go to Shang? The reason is that Wu Yi, the king of Shang, did this - shoot the sky!
Zhou Gong's father, the founder of the Zhou State
Zhenzhitang: Before entering the text, let's first figure out the relationship between the characters of Shang and Zhou:
Shangcho:
Wang Wuyi, Wang Wending, Di Yi, Di Xin.
Zhou Guo's side:
Gong Ji's father, Gong Ji, Wen Wang Ji Chang, Wu Wang Ji Fa.
This period of history spans from 1147 BC to 1046 BC, about 100 years.
Zhenzhitang: The approximate history before the destruction of the Shang Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty is as follows:
Wu Yi, year of birth unknown. Zi surname, son of Shang King Gengding, the twenty-seventh monarch of the Shang Dynasty, reigned from about 1147 BC to 1113 BC. According to the "Bamboo Book Chronicle": "(Wu Yi) three years, he ordered Zhou Gong to be his father and give him Qiyi. ”
Zhou Gong's father, surnamed Ji, name Ji, also known as Gu Gong's father, Taiwang. Its ancestor is said to be the son of the emperor, and the ancestor is Jiang Yan. Because it was abandoned by the ancient emperor and sealed in Tai, the Zhou family originally had a Tai clan.
"Father Gu, come to the court. Rate the West Water Margin, as for Qixia. "The Book of Songs: Mian"
Zhenzhitang press: Gong is the father, the duke is the title name. Because his father was sealed in Qi by Shang King Wuyi, he was respected as his father. The ancient father-in-law mentioned in the "Book of Songs" should be the meaning of ancient times. Write poems for future generations to reminisce and write ancient characters.
"Mencius" cloud "the former king of the great king", "so the king is the king", the king is the king, the prince is the son, too, the ancient text is fake.
Gong's father was originally the patriarch of the Zhou clan. Because when the Xia Dynasty fell, the ancestor who was the queen of the Xia Dynasty lost his official position and fled between Rong Di. Therefore, in the entire Shang Dynasty for more than 500 years, the Zhou people lived in Rongdi for more than 400 years and took nomadism as their business. This is what Mencius said about "the great king's affairs".
Zhao Qi's note to Mencius said: "The Xiongnu, the Northern Di Yi, is now the Xiongnu." ”
Zhenzhitang: During the father-in-law's time, because he did not mix well in the Rongdi circle, he was always asked for property by other Rongdi, and later he also asked for land and people. His father-in-law accepted the Shang Dynasty's offer of recruitment, and after acquiring the land of Qishan, he decided to lead the group back.
It is recorded in the "Historical Records of Zhou Benji": "The ancient father... Xun Yu Rong Di attacked it, wanted to get money, and gave it. The attack has been resumed, and it wants to gain the land and the people. Gu Gong said: "The people are in me, and they are in the other, how different is it." The people want to fight with me, kill the father and son, and they can't bear it. "It is to go to the pig with his private family, to paint and frustrate, to pass Liangshan, and stop at Qixia. ”
The text is relatively simple, so I won't translate it.
In ancient times, the land was owned by the state, and the father-in-law was able to lead the people to move from Fengdi to Qishan, which must have communicated with the Shang Dynasty before this and obtained the permission of the Shang Dynasty. In other words, Qishan, the place where the Zhou Dynasty started, was actually a gift from the Shang Dynasty! This is the "gift of Qidi" mentioned in the bamboo book.
Zhenzhitang: The Zhou people who had just moved to Qishan were undoubtedly extremely grateful to the Yin Shang Dynasty. This land, they call it Zhou Yuan.
"The Book of Poetry: Daya": Zhou Yuan is full of flesh, and the violet is like a glutton.
The wild vegetables on Zhou Yuan taste like caramel and are sweet. This short verse should be a true portrayal of Zhou Shang's honeymoon period.
Wu Yi died violently, and Wen Ding killed Ji Li
Zhenzhitang: After the honeymoon period, problems slowly appeared between Zhou and Shang. The Zhou people captured Rong Di for the Yin Shang and paid tribute to the Shang king with beautiful women and captives as gifts.
The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" records this history:
"Twenty-one years, Zhou Gong's father.
Twenty-four years, Zhou Shi Cheng, fighting in Bi, defeated.
For thirty years, Zhou Shi cut down the Yiqu.
Thirty-four years, Zhou Gongji has always been in the dynasty, the king gave thirty miles of land, ten jade, and ten horses.
Thirty-five years, the Zhou Dynasty and the West Devil Rong. Wang Ji was in the river and Wei, and was killed by a thunderstorm. ”
After the death of his father, his third son, Ji Li, inherited the title and was known as Gong Ji. Later, he was revered as Wang Ji.
"The Book of Songs" says: "Maintain this Wang Ji, carry the light of tin." There is no loss in the suffering, and there are four directions. ”
Judging from Ji Li's military exploits, it is not an exaggeration to say that he is "dying in all directions".
Zhenzhitang: But something strange happened! After Ji Li's successes, the Shang King Wuyi came to Zhou to hunt and play, but was inexplicably killed by a big thunderbolt here!
In the end, whether King Wu Yi was killed by lightning or by Zhou Gong Jili, or whether Wu Yi accidentally fell to his death? However, judging from the relationship between Ji Li and King Wuyi, the Zhou people and the Shang Dynasty at this time did not have a bad relationship, and it seems unlikely that Zhou Gongji killed the Shang King Wuyi.
Therefore, the seemingly impossible statement is most likely! The biggest possibility is that it is an accident.
Therefore, when Zhou Gongji sent someone to send Wu Yi's body back to Anyang, Wu Yi's son, King Wending, did not say anything. He silently received the body of his father and buried him in the royal tomb. After wiping away his tears, he did not punish Ji Li.
What happened next?
The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" is written more clearly:
"Wending, Mingqi. In the first year, Ding Chou, the king ascended the throne, and lived in Yin.
In the second year, Zhou Gongji attacked Yanjing and failed.
For four years, Zhou Gongji has cut down the remnants of the Rong and conquered it. Appointed as a priest.
Seven years, Zhou Gongji began to call for Rong, and conquered it.
In the eleventh year, Zhou Gongji cut down the disciples and won his three major husbands to offer victory. The king kills the seasonal calendar. Wang Jiaji's merits, the tin of Guizan, the mustache, the nine lives for the uncle, and the Seku. Ji Li was trapped and died, because Wen Ding killed Ji Li.
Zhenzhitang: King Wending is also a ruthless character!
He must have thought that his father Wang Wuyi was killed by Ji Li, but he has been holding back. In the fourth year of Wending, he also commended Ji Li's military exploits, made him an official and promoted to a priest. But seven years later, when Ji Li won another great victory, and when he presented the three great masters of the captured disciples to Yindu, Wen Ding was in trouble! He detained Ji Li! and imprisoned Ji Li. Later, Ji Li died in captivity.
That's why history says "Wending kills the seasonal calendar".
Zhenzhitang: The general historians believe that Wu Yi's death is inexplicable. Wu Yi's son, Shang Wang Wending, trapped and killed Ji Li, which planted the seeds of hatred for King Wen of Zhou to destroy Shang. After all, although it is said that in ancient times, "the king and the minister have to die", but the father's hatred is not shared. A man with a little blood will take revenge for his father as his life goal.
Wen Ding killed Ji Li because he suspected that Ji Li had killed his father Wu Yi. King Wen of Zhou was determined to destroy Shang because King Wending killed his father Ji Li. This is a chain of revenge.
So, the crux of the matter is, was Wu Yi killed by Ji Li? This is the core of Zhou and Shang's feud!
After years of painstaking research, Zhenzhitang has found the answer!
Zhou Gong Jili killed King Wuyi
This conclusion is not that Zhenzhitang has traveled back to that era, but is based on an in-depth study of the Western Zhou culture.
Shang King Wu Yi did something that made people stunned, that is, "Wu Yi shot the sky". This incident completely angered the Zhou people led by Zhou's father!
"Historical Records of Zhou Benji" recorded: "Emperor Wuyi has no way, is a puppet, and is called a god." With Bo, let people do it. The gods are invincible, but disgraced. For the leather sac, the blood, and shoot it, and the fate is to shoot the sky. ”
Why is this absurd thing the cause of Ji Li's killing of Wu Yi later?
According to Zhenzhitang's research, the Ji Li shot the sky, which means that the Shang royal family does not respect the sky. They worship God, and their God is based on the ancestral gods. The Zhou people had the worship of the gods.
Zhenzhitang: Later kings of Zhou were called the Son of Heaven. That is, the Son of Heaven. The Zhou people regarded themselves as the Son of Heaven, and the merchants regarded themselves as the Emperor. Wu Yi's shooting into the sky is undoubtedly a blasphemy against the gods of heaven for the Zhou people, and a great disrespect for the beliefs of the Zhou people!
The incident of Wu Yi shooting the sky is like the British colonizers who later used lard paper to pack bullets to supply Islamic soldiers, which provoked resistance.
After the oracle bone inscription in Yinxu was unearthed, people were surprised to find that there were almost no gods in the oracle bone inscriptions, and all the people were gods.
Previous scholars, because they were deeply influenced by the Zhou people's idea of "respecting heaven" and had no evidence of oracle bone inscriptions, mostly believed that Wu Yi's shooting of the sky was arrogant.
From today's point of view, Wu Yi's shooting of the sky should be a kind of overwhelming witchcraft behavior of the merchants to worship the gods of the Zhou people. As the greatest sorcerer in the Shang Kingdom, the monarch Wu Yi personally went down to perform a ritual, and he successfully suppressed the foreign heavens (gods), and the merchants who believed in God won.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of the Song Kingdom, a descendant of the Shang Dynasty, also imitated Wu Yi and shot back into the sky!
Lü's Spring and Autumn · The Passage is well documented:
"The king of the Song Dynasty built a tiller, and the blood of the owl was hung high, shooting the armor, and from the bottom, the blood fell to the ground. Both left and right congratulated and said: "Today's king wins the sky".
Zhou Tianzi is called the king of Zhou, Song Guoben is the duke of the king of Zhou, and the Song prince is called the king of Song, with a bow and arrow full of bloody leather sacs, and called Shengtian, it is undoubtedly a naked contempt and challenge to Zhou Tianzi!
Shinchido: Judging from the divination, the gods of the merchants worship the emperor and God.
God is the supreme god of the Yin people, a combination of the ancestral gods and the gods of nature. Merchants worshipped the sun as their god and practiced the worship of the sun god. The ancestor of the merchants, Emperor Yu, was the sun god Gaoxin.
The Shang kings of the past dynasties have regarded themselves as the sun god since Shangjiawei. The oracle bone inscription has the ritual of "Bin Day, Tell the Sun, Royal Sun, and Worship the Sun". Spring and autumn are divided into "rising and entering the sun", and the summer and winter solstices are "solstice".
Zhenzhitang: The Shang Dynasty undoubtedly attached great importance to ghosts and gods and ruled on the basis of theocracy. But it is true that merchants do not have the Xi of reverence for heaven. In their eyes, there is only the sun god, the ancestral god. The ancestor Emperor was the sun god. After the death, the first kings are called emperors in the oracle bone inscriptions, that is, the first kings became the sun gods after their deaths.
And the Zhou people did not have the Xi of sun god worship. They have lived in Rong Di for more than 400 years, and Rong Di's concept of "immortality" is deeply rooted in the bone marrow of the Zhou people. The ancestors of the Zhou people did not have a sun god, and the Zhou people proclaimed themselves kings after destroying the Shang, and the removal of the emperor name is also proof. King Zhou did not consider himself the god of the sun.
Perhaps after the Zhou people moved west to Qishan, they partially accepted the worship of God from the merchants, but the Zhou Gong was still in the initial stage of self-development during the period of his father, and the concept of reverence for heaven has always been the belief of the Zhou people.
Zhenzhitang: "The Book of Songs" says: "Respect and respect, Tianwei Xian thinks, and life is not easy." ”
"Yi Zhou Shu Taste Wheat" said: "At the beginning of the old days... Ordered the Red Emperor. ”
It can be seen that the sky is above the five emperors. The heavens of the Zhou people are of a higher rank than the gods of the merchants.
Zhenzhitang press: The emperor's original intention may be a tribal god, a clan god. Each tribe and clan (ancient kingdom) has its own god and lower emperor (ancestral god), and this may be the original meaning of the Five Emperors.
"Historical Records Feng Zen Book" said: "The gods and nobles are Taiyi, and Taiyi is said to be the five emperors." It is derived from the Zhou people's idea of respecting heaven.
Zhenzhitang: The picture above is a bronze vessel from the period of King Wu of Zhou, and the inscription says: "The king is enshrined in the heavenly room, descending, and the heavens are blessing the king." ”
"Shangshu Wucheng" records that after the success of King Wu's war, "Xinhai is enshrined in heaven." ”
The poem of the Zhou people said: "Under the sky, it is not the king's land." On the shore of the land, it is not the king's minister".
Under the protection of heaven, the king of Zhou was dying. This is the evidence of the Zhou people's reverence for heaven.
Therefore, when the news of Wu Yi, the king of Shang, shooting into the sky, reached the western soil, the father-in-law under Qishan was so angry that he vomited blood after hearing that he believed that the lord Wu Yi had disrespectful behavior towards his supreme god, the heaven.
He secretly swore that his children and grandchildren must avenge this great revenge!
The Book of Songs reads: 'The grandson of Houji, King Shiwei. The sun of Juqi is the beginning of the business. ’
Zhenzhitang: Don't say it, judging from this, it was indeed King Zhou who ordered the merchants!
Therefore, when Ji Li succeeded to the throne and Wu Yi himself sent it to the Zhou people's territory in Guanzhong, Shaanxi, Gong Ji did not hesitate to kill Wu Yi! He also swaggered back Wu Yi's body to the Shang Dynasty, saying that Wu Yi was killed by thunder!
This may be the historical truth of Wu Yi's violent death!
epilogue
Zhenzhitang: In 1145 B.C., in the third year of the Shang King Wuyi, when King Wen of Zhou's grandfather, Gong's father-in-law, led his people to move from Fengdi to Qishan and join the Yin Shang Dynasty, no one thought that they would later replace him and establish the Zhou Dynasty. King Wu Yi also did not expect that he had attracted enemies to the Shang Dynasty. Wu Yi's violent death by lightning was actually an act of revenge by Zhou Gong Jili. The cause is Wu Yi's shooting of the sky, which seriously damaged the faith of the Zhou people.
Later generations regard Wuyi shooting the sky as the node of the Shang Dynasty's prosperity and decline, which is undoubtedly extremely correct. The hatred of Shang and Zhou is not that the Zhou people are ungrateful, but that the Shang king Wuyi is disrespectful first. Later, Wen Ding killed Ji Li, and Di Xin imprisoned Xibo, which undoubtedly caused the deepening of the contradiction.
But "all the nonsense is glorious, and the beginning of the provocation is really peaceful." ”
Wu Yi's shooting of the sky is the true origin of this great change in the Yin Shang Dynasty in the past century! Those who are interested in studying ancient history should know it!
The conclusion of this study is that Zhenzhitang exclusively debuted on the Toutiao platform on January 2, 2024. Written in Changsha Study. Retweets are welcome, do not plagiarize. If you think it makes sense, move your precious little hands, forward it and then go! Thank you for your support!