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Fang County of Shiyan City, deep in the mountains of northwest Hubei Province, was called Fang Ling in ancient times, and was named after "thousands of miles of vertical and horizontal, mountains and forests, its solid high tomb, and if there is a room". More than 2,800 years ago, the Zhou Dynasty Taishi Yin Jifu (surname Xi name Jia, the word Jifu), Fangling people eat in the house, buried in the Qingfeng Mountain of the house, the tomb of the stele is in Yanqi Wen Tao Wuluo was recorded by the late Western Zhou Dynasty bronze "Xi Jia Pan".
Xijia plate, also known as Xitian plate, Xi Bo plate, Xi Boji father plate, plate height 11.7 cm, diameter 47 cm, open, shallow abdomen, arc bottom, there are 133 words inscription in the bottom of the plate, the original circle foot outside the bottom of the plate (has been removed when found), two attached ears are placed outside the plate body, and there are thin columns between the attached ears and the disk wall. The overall shape is simple, the ornamentation is exquisite, the inner and outer sides of the ear are decorated with continuous scales, the outer wall of the abdomen is decorated with the animal body cross-connecting pattern, both kinds of ornamentation belong to the deformation pattern of the animal body, from the appearance, the armor plate is like a small copper shallow basin.
In 823 BC, King Xuan of Zhou ordered Yin Jifu to lead an army to defeat Peng Ya. After Yin Jifu's victory, King Xuan of Zhou read his exploits and specially ordered Yin Jifu to make a Xijia plate as a commemoration.
According to the data, there are about 10,000 pieces of royal first-class inscription bronzes in the world, and it is not uncommon to have earlier and more exquisite production than the age of the Xijia plate, why is a Western Zhou Dynasty copper plate with a broken base highly respected? The most important reason is that the 13 lines of 133 characters of gold inscription (also known as Zhong Dingwen, the inscription cast on the Yin and Zhou bronzes) inscribed at the bottom of the plate are the largest number of words in the bronze inscriptions in China at present, which describes that Yin Jifu obeyed the order of the Son of Heaven to conquer the Monkey, obtain military exploits and be rewarded, and standardize economic and trade activities. The content of strengthening tax collection and management is precious. The inscription reads as follows:
Lived in five years and March both died in the tyrant Gengyin, Wang Chu Ge cut the lynx in the fish, the king from the king, the head of the execution, Hugh was defeated, the king gave a horse four horses, the car, the king ordered the political secretary of the city into Thursday square accumulation, as for the South Huaiyi, Huaiyi old I hang obscure people, do not dare not go out of its silk, its accumulation, its entry into the people, its Jia, do not dare not immediately the city, dare not die, then the punishment is killed, its only I princes, the people, both Jia, not the city, do not dare or into the barbarian investigation Jia, then also punished. Divide Boji's father as a plate, his eyebrows live for thousands of years, and his children and grandchildren will use it forever.
Translated to the effect: In March of the fifth year of King Xuan of Zhou, Gengyinkou, I Xijia went out with the king to crusade against the lynx army, chased Taiyuan after it, made war exploits, and returned triumphantly. King Xuan rewarded me with four good horses and a car, and ordered me to go to Luoyang to take charge of the government, and be responsible for the collection of grain in Luoyang and the surrounding areas. Southern Huaiyi, Huaiyi and other ethnic minorities who originally offered tribute, grain, and slaves to the Zhou Dynasty were not allowed to pay in arrears, and when they came and went to do business, they had to go to the prescribed market to trade, and if they dared to violate the law, they would definitely raise troops to fight against them. All the princes and common people of our Zhou Dynasty must do business in the prescribed market, and if there is any violation of the prohibition of market transactions, they must also be severely punished. To commemorate this event, Father Xi Boji specially made this plate to wish him a long life and a lasting legacy for future generations.
From this inscription, we can see that the Western Zhou Dynasty established a strict economic and trade system and a tax penalty system. To do business, you must go to a designated place, and you cannot go to a scattered or remote place to engage in trade activities. It is emphasized that the collection and administration of taxes must be timely, and there must be no non-payment, and if it is violated, it will be punished. The tax system of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties evolved and advanced in the continuous adjustment of the levy relationship, which safeguarded the operation of the state apparatus and the interests of the ruling class, and laid the institutional foundation for the transition from a slave society to a feudal society. This plate is of great significance for the study of the official system, warfare, rewards, taxes, slaves, trade management, culture and institutions of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Extension: Yin Jifu
Yin Jiqian (852 B.C. - 775 B.C.), surnamed Xi Ming Jia, the word Boyan Father (Fu), later known as Yin Jifu, Xi Jia Ji's father, a famous minister in the Western Zhou Dynasty, once assisted the three generations of monarchs of the Zhou Dynasty, made great achievements, and was deeply relied on by Zhou Xuansan. In 828 B.C., Xijia, who was in his 20s, was entrusted with an important task by Ji Jing, King Xuan of Zhou, and became the minister of King Xuan's auxiliary minister, and became the official to the Taishi before the age of 30, ranking first among the three dukes. In his later years, he resigned angrily and returned to his hometown because of his persuasion of King Zhou You, and died of depression for seven years at the age of 78. Some studies believe that Jin Jia is the main author and editor of the "Book of Songs", and can be called the "ancestor of Chinese poetry". #十堰文物##细说十堰##十堰头条#