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Among the bronzes unearthed from the Erlitou site of Yanshi, Henan
The wine vessels represented by the bronze jue became a symbol of social status and identity, and the bronze jue, bronze jue, bronze bowl and other wine vessels began to become a new ritual combination, and the rulers of the Xia Dynasty laid the cornerstone of "governing the country with rites" with bronze to stabilize the dynasty and the country, and controlled copper ore resources with the power of the country's royal power
After more than 60 years of archaeological excavations
Henan Yanshi Erlitou site
Bronze weapons such as ge, axes, and arrows were unearthed
More striking
It is 18 pieces of bronze vessels that are cast chic
Including 14 pieces, 2 pieces, 1 cup, 1 ding
This is the earliest bronze vessel ever found in China
△ Milk nail pattern bronze jue Henan Yanshi Erlitou site unearthed
The Fan casting method is a unique casting technique in Bronze Age China
It is possible to make intricate bronzes
In the case of containers with more complex shapes or larger volumes
It can be cast in blocks with multiple fans
Such a casting method is known as the block paradigm method
The word "exemplary" is derived from bronze casting
△ Ancient bronze casting scene reappears
It can be called the Erlitou site of the treasure house of summer culture
Also of interest are the bronze casting workshops
In the walls and ditches of the arch guards
Inside a bronze casting workshop with an area of about 20,000 square meters
There are pottery kilns and casting sites for baking pottery fans
There are also artisan housing
The regional division of labour is clear
Perhaps this is one of the earliest metallurgical production lines in China
△ Henan Yanshi Erlitou Ruins Bronze Casting Workshop Restoration Scene
The Erlitou site is located in the east of the Luoyang Basin
This is not a copper mineral
Where does the copper in the Erlitou copper casting workshop come from?
2012 to 2013
Archaeologists are located in the middle of the mountain
Shanxi Province Wenxi County Yupo Village Qianjin Rake Copper Mining Site
Cleaned up the remains of mining shafts, inclined shafts, flat lanes, stoves, ash pits and so on
and a large number of pottery shards
Archaeologists speculate on this
The earliest to the Longshan culture period before the Xia Dynasty
Later, it went through the third generation of Xia Shang
Copper mining activities are present in the millennium
△Shanxi Wenxi Qianjin Rake Copper Mining Site
But at the level of productivity at that time
To put a large amount of copper ore
It was transported from Zhongtiao Mountain to Erlitou, which is more than 200 kilometers away
It's not easy
How did the Xia people 3,800 years ago solve this problem?
Starting from the copper mining site of the gold rake
Go west for more than 20 kilometers along the northern foot of Nakajo Mountain
I came to the Dongxiafeng site in Xia County, Shanxi
Archaeologists found it here
Large quantities of copper ore and copper slag
Indicates the late Xia Dynasty at the site of Dongxiafeng
There is already a certain scale of copper smelting here
△ Copper smelting slag unearthed from the Dongxiafeng site in Xia County, Shanxi
Coincidentally
In 2019, archaeologists at the Xiwubi site in Jiangxian County, Shanxi
A charcoal kiln for the preparation of copper smelting fuel in the late Xia Dynasty was discovered
and a large number of copper ore smelting
Crucibles, stone hammers, stone anvils, furnace walls, copper slag and other copper smelting remains
△Shanxi Jiangxian Xiwubi site charcoal kiln
Scholars speculate
The Xia people first mined copper ore from Zhongtiao Mountain
It was then transported to the nearby Xiwubi and Dongxiafeng for smelting
In addition to casting some small bronzes
Copper ingots that are smelted and processed in large quantities
It was transported to the Luoyang Basin through Yiguan
Over there
The copper casting workshop in Erlitou, the summer capital, is ready
△ The route of transporting copper materials
Made of bronze, a rare precious metal
Wine vessels represented by bronze jue
Nature also became a symbol of social status and status
With the bronze ritual vessels presented
The trend of replacing pottery ritual ware in an all-round way
Bronze jue, bronze jue, bronze cup and other wine vessels
Start becoming a new ritual set
It has become an important carrier of the Xia Dynasty ritual system
△ Bronze jue, bronze jue, bronze cup and other wine vessel combinations
Obtain bronze resources for bronze casting
It became the driving force for the outward expansion of the Xia Dynasty
It is also about the political pattern and political geography of the time
It made a big difference
After the fall of the Xia Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty was in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins
Form a larger regional bronze cultural exchange network
It became a further expansion of China's bronze civilization after that
and even the premise of the formation of the territory of the Qin and Han dynasties
△ Shang Houmu Wu Dafang Ding
The rulers of the Xia Dynasty were the architects of the original dynastic state
The cornerstone of "governing the country by courtesy" was laid with bronze
It opened the prelude to the ancient Chinese bronze ritual and music civilization
On December 24, CCTV-1 22:30
"In Search of Ancient China, In Search of Summer" Episode 4 "Chinese Bronze"
Let's follow the brilliance of bronze
Explore the ancient bronze civilization of the Xia Dynasty
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