Jilin Province has a glorious revolutionary history. Before and after the founding of the Communist Party of China, there were advanced intellectuals and party members in Jilin Province who spread Marxism and engaged in revolutionary activities, and under the leadership of the CPC Northern District Committee headed by Li Dazhao, the changchun branch of the CPC, was created. After the September 18 Incident, the people of Jilin took the lead in resisting Japan, and under the leadership of the party, they created the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, fought bloody battles under extremely difficult conditions, and composed a heroic song of patriotism. Jilin is an important part of this battlefield, and Yang Jingyu and other martyrs of the Anti-Japanese Coalition martyrdom were martyred on the land of Jilin. Jilin is an important battlefield and frontier base area of the Northeast Liberation War, and major battles such as the four wars and four peaces, the three lower Jiangnan, the four Bao Linjiang, and the three seasons of offensives in summer, autumn, and winter have all been launched in Jilin, and the people of Jilin have made great contributions to the victory of the Northeast Liberation War and the establishment of new China. 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, in order to remember the glorious history and inherit the red gene, the Jilin Provincial Women's Federation and the Party History Research Office of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee jointly launched the column "Volunteers Talk about Party History" to relive the glorious course of the CPC's century-long struggle, especially the important historical contributions made by Jilin in the party's centennial struggle, and guide the broad masses of women in the province to learn history clearly, learn history to increase credibility, learn history reverence, and study history.
Click on the audio to hear the volunteers talk about the history of the Party
The first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in Jilin and the destruction of the Fengzhi warlords came from Jilin Women 00:0014:47
Narrator: Zhu Mengmeng, a student of Jilin University of Finance and Economics
The first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation was carried out in Jilin and the sabotage by the warlords
In June 1923, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Resolution on the Question of the National Movement and the Kuomintang" and other documents, proposing that the Party should "work with the National Revolutionary Movement as the center" at this stage and establish a National Revolutionary United Front with the Kuomintang. It was decided that Communists would join the Kuomintang in their own name, while at the same time the Communist Party would remain ideologically and organizationally independent. In January 1924, the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held, and with the active efforts of the Communists and the leftists of the Kuomintang, Sun Yat-sen, Liao Zhongkai and others, a revolutionary united front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was established. In April of the same year, Li Dazhao established the Beijing Executive Department of the Kuomintang in Beijing, established the cooperative relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the north, and became the revolutionary leadership center of the vast area in the north. The Beijing Executive Department administers 15 provinces and autonomous regions north of the Yellow River, including Zhizhi, Lu, Feng, Ji and Hei.
At that time, the foundation of the kuomintang and the communist party in Jilin was very weak, and although the communist party had Ma Jun and other communists carrying out secret activities, they had not yet established an organization; although the Kuomintang had Zhang Jin, Li Zhongxuan, Zhao Zhichao, and seven other people attending the first national congress of the Kuomintang, they did not carry out activities. In 1924, Sun Yat-sen successively appointed Li Menggeng and Fu Rulin as temporary propagandists or special propagandists to jilin to engage in revolutionary work of "carrying forward the Three People's Principles", to prepare for the establishment of the Provisional Party Department of Jilin Province and to organize the National Assembly Promotion Meeting. After Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued successive circulars requiring party organizations in various places to widely publicize Sun Yat-sen's will and vigorously develop the leftist forces of the Kuomintang. In the 1925 patriotic movement in solidarity with the May Thirtieth Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Movement, Ma Jun, a communist party member active in the provincial city of Jilin, discussed with Dong Haiping, a student of the Provincial No. 1 Middle School and a kuomintang worker, to organize demonstrations of students in the provincial city, to organize the Shanghai Case Support Association, and to carry out fund-raising activities, which was the beginning of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Jilin Province.
During the period of kuomintang-communist cooperation, except for a few communists in Jilin Province who specialized in party work, they all appeared as Kuomintang members and did the work of the Kuomintang. Liu Kuangda, a communist party member sent by the Beijing district of the Communist Party of China to work in Changchun, was also the secretary of the Workers' Department of the Provisional Party Department of Jilin Province of the Kuomintang. Han Shouben, a student at the Jilin Provincial Second Normal School who joined the Chinese Communist Party after the May Thirtieth Movement, and others also joined the Kuomintang. Due to the reactionary rule of the warlords, the Kuomintang could only carry out secret activities at that time to propagate the New Three People's Principles and develop Kuomintang members. Most of the Kuomintang members were concentrated in the cultural and educational circles, including He Yuebo, a teacher at the Jilin Provincial Second Normal School, Huang Ziyuan, a teacher at the Jilin Provincial Second Middle School, and Xie Huiqiao, manager of the Changchun Zhonghua Bookstore. The members of the kuomintang and the communist party jointly and actively prepared for the establishment of the leading organ of the Kuomintang, the Changchun City Party Department of the Kuomintang.
1925 was an important year for the warlords of the Fengzhi clan to actively expand their influence externally and strengthen the rule of the warlords internally. The warlord government frantically suppressed the anti-imperialist struggle of the people in the northeast, "prohibiting demonstrations and assemblies in Jilin and openly prohibiting the boycott of Japanese goods." The reactionary acts of the Fengzhi warlords have provoked the broad masses to set off a large-scale anti-Feng campaign, which in turn has triggered a major division within the Fengzhi warlords. On November 23 of the same year, Guo Songling, who had a heavy army, held an emergency military conference in Luanzhou and officially announced his defection to Feng, and reorganized the Feng army into the Northeast Nationalist Army.
The Chinese Communist Party attaches great importance to Guo Songling's anti-worship incident. On December 1, 1925, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League sent a telegram to the whole country, calling on "the revolutionary people of the whole country and the revolutionary Kuomintang not hesitate to rise up and seize power" and overthrow the warlord government. According to the instructions of the central authorities, the CPC Northern District Committee with Li Dazhao as its secretary, in the name of the Kuomintang Beijing Executive Department, transferred Zhu Jiqing, a Kuomintang member with experience in organizing the army, back from Henan and secretly sent him to the northeast to organize the people's armed forces in order to counter The Guo Ministry's rebellion. At the same time, the CPC organizations in the northeast were instructed to give assistance and guidance to Zhu Jiqing's activities. With the support of the CPC Northeast Party organization, Zhu Jiqing established the Northeast National Autonomous Army Headquarters in Harbin, and Communist Party members Chen Hansheng, Ren Guozhen, and Peng Shoupu took part in the work of the headquarters. Zhu Jiqing and Guo Bu secretly agreed that Guo Bu would attack the fengtian provincial capital (present-day Shenyang) and that the Northeast National Autonomous Army would simultaneously organize rebellions in Kyrgyzstan and Hei provinces. Communists Lin Jun and Liu Kuangda actively mobilized and organized workers on the Jichang Railway and the Middle East Railway, preparing to participate in an armed uprising. After Guo Songling failed to defect to Feng, Zhang Zuolin wantonly searched for Kuomintang members and Communists who participated in the anti-Feng, Zhu Jiqing escaped, and Ren Guozhen, Chen Hansheng, peng Shoupu, and others were arrested and imprisoned. Later, Chen Wassei was tortured to death in Jilin Provincial First Prison.
The white terror of the warlords did not bring the revolutionaries to their knees. Under the banner of kuomintang-communist cooperation, through the active efforts and meticulous preparations of communists, more than 30 people from the kuomintang and communist parties in Changchun held a meeting at the home of Kuomintang member He Yuebo on October 10, 1926, and established the Provisional Party Department of Changchun City of the Kuomintang, electing Liu Kuangda, Xie Huiqiao, and Huang Ziyuan as members of the Provisional Municipal Party Committee Standing Committee, Du Ji as minister of youth, and Han Shouben as minister of workers. The meeting decided to create the monthly magazine "Guanwai" as an organ publication of the Provisional Party Department of Changchun City of the Kuomintang.
The monthly magazine "Guanwai" is headed by Tian Jieren, a teacher at the Second Prison of Jilin Province, as the director of the editorial department, and Song Kegong, a student of the Second Normal School of Jilin Province, as the director of the manager department. The inaugural issue of the magazine quoted the Tang Dynasty poet Cui Daorong's poem "Buy a morning chicken to share chicken language, often do not have to wait for idle chirping; deep mountains and moons, dark and windy nights, want to cry in the near morning" as the opening words, the end of the volume is written "the spark of stars, can burn the plains", the main content of the article is to publicize Sun Yat-sen's New Three People's Principles. However, the magazine was banned and confiscated by the warlord authorities before it could leave the printing house.
On the afternoon of October 22, when Song Kegong went to the Fuwen Printing Bureau to get the monthly magazine "Guanwai" and the "Registration Certificate of Party Members of the Chinese Kuomintang" that had just been printed, he happened to be inspected by the police at the printing plant for "redwashed propaganda materials." "Guanwai" was immediately sealed, and Song Kegong was immediately arrested. Under the pressure of both soft and hard enemies, Song Kegong confessed to Liu Kuangda and Han Shouben, the heads of the Kuomintang department. The Changchun Police Department immediately sent police to the Provincial Second Normal School to search for them, and they escaped with tact. The Fengzhi warlord authorities then wanted Liu Kuangda and Han Shouben on charges of "daring to act arbitrarily," "openly propagating heresies," and "advocating revolutionary affairs." Han Shouben secretly went to Harbin to report to the CCP organization that Liu Kuangda, disguised as a worker, had left Changchun under the escort of railway workers and Tian Jieren and arrived in Guangzhou, the center of the Great Revolution. At this point, the Provisional Party Department of Changchun City of the Kuomintang ceased its activities.
In October 1926, the Kuomintang Central Committee assigned Dong Haiping to return to Jilin in an attempt to establish a provincial Kuomintang party department that was not under the leadership of the Communist Party. After Dong Haiping arrived in Jilin, he consulted with Kuomintang members Li Menggeng and He Yuebo, and Communist Party member Han Shouben to prepare to convene the Kuomintang Jilin Provincial Congress and establish a provincial party department. Dong Haiping was educated in his dealings with the Communists and knew that under the white terror rule of the Warlords, it was impossible to carry out his work without the Communists. Therefore, he went to Harbin to find Wu Lishi, secretary of the Cpc's Northern Manchurian Committee, and asked for help in carrying out the work.
On February 20, 1927, the Jilin Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang held a representative meeting in a hotel in the Japanese affiliated area of Changchun, and the Communist Party of China in North Manchuria appointed Communist Party members Han Shouben, Zhao Shangzhi, Du Jizeng, and Wang Hansheng to attend the meeting, and representatives selected from Jilin, Changchun, and Harbin attended the meeting. The meeting elected Dong Haiping, Han Shouben, Wang Peizhi, Zhao Shangzhi, Wang Hansheng, Liu Longtian, Liu Yumei, Tian Chengyu, and Lü Yingmin as executive members; Ke Zhiang, Zhang Wenwen, Ben Shaoyuan, Xing Shaoxian, and Guan Sen as alternate executive members; Zhang Rixin, He Yuebo, Du Jizeng, Chu Zhenduo, and Li Xuting as supervisory committee members; Xu Xinquan, Wang Qin, and Xiao Yichang (Xiao Danfeng) as alternate supervisory committee members; Dong Haiping, Han Shouben, and Zhao Shangzhi as standing committee members; and Dong Haiping as chairman members. The meeting issued a declaration in the name of the Provisional Executive Committee of Jilin Province of the Kuomintang. The provincial party part has departments and secretariats for organization, propaganda, investigation, youth, workers, peasants, merchants, women, and military personnel, and the ministers of each ministry are Dong Haiping, director of organization, Han Shouben, director of propaganda, Liu Longtian, director of investigation, Zhao Shangzhi, minister of youth, Liu Yumei, minister of workers, Lu Yingmin, minister of peasants, Wang Peizhi, minister of commerce, Tian Chengyu, minister of women, and Wang Hansheng, minister of military service; the secretariat is headed by Dong Haiping and accountant, Zhao Shangzhi is also a shuwu, and Han Shouben is also secretary.
The main task of the Kuomintang Jilin Provincial Party Department was to propagate the National Revolution, to propagate the Northern Expedition, to call on the people to rise up and overthrow imperialism, to overthrow the feudal warlords, to sweep away the feudal forces, and to overthrow the rule of Japanese imperialism and the warlords in the northeast. Although Dong Haiping relied on the strength of the Communist Party to establish the Kuomintang Jilin Provincial Party Department, he did not want to hand over the leadership to the Communists, and he not only competed to become the organization director of the provincial party department, but also held the rubber square seal of the "Kuomintang Jilin Provincial Party Department" that symbolized the leadership brought back from Guangzhou, and refused to hand it over to the secretary Han Shouben. Communists Zhao Shangzhi and Han Shouben fought resolutely against it and decided to re-engrave a seal. Therefore, Zhao Shangzhi re-engraved a seal for 1 yuan of Japanese gold tickets at the Omi Engraving Bureau opened by the Japanese. Did you know that this is a lettering bureau run by a Japanese secret service, and the Japanese boss is smiling and greeting each other, but secretly reporting to the Changchun authorities? The reactionary government immediately dispatched police, opened a black net, and searched everywhere for the "Chihua Party" Zhao Shangzhi, Han Shouben, and others.
On March 2, Zhao Shangzhi and Han Shouben were arrested and imprisoned, and they only admitted to being members of the Kuomintang and did not reveal their identities as communists. Subsequently, Kuomintang members Xie Huiqiao and Huang Ziyuan were also arrested by the Fengzhi warlords. The Kuomintang Jilin Provincial Party Headquarters was destroyed, and the Changchun Special Branch of the CPC was also destroyed. After the northeast was changed, Han Shouben and Zhao Shangzhi were transferred by the authorities to the Kuomintang Suzhou Prison on charges of "major Communist criminals." However, they never revealed their identities as Communists, and only admitted to being the Kuomintang. They appealed several times and were not released until May 1929.
During the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, the CCP organization in Jilin also sent Gong Jiesan, Meng Qingyun, Liu Chuanliang, Sui Renmin and other Communist Party members and progressive youth to study at the Whampoa Military Academy in order to support the Northern Expedition. During this period, the Communists and Kuomintang members active in Jilin played an active role in awakening the masses and promoting the development of the revolutionary situation in propagating Sun Yat-sen's New Three People's Principles and organizing the struggle against the warlords of the Fengzhi Clan. However, before the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of Jilin Province and Changchun City could be carried out, the activities were stopped due to the sabotage of the Fengzhi warlords.
This article is excerpted from the History of Jilin of the Communist Party of China, Volume I.
Party History Research Office of the CPC Jilin Provincial Committee/ Author