The World of Bigan Chapter 22 The Harmonious Teachings Verse 2

Section 2: Lin Culture

After studying the achievements of more than 1,300 ancient and modern Chinese and foreign Lin celebrities, some experts have summarized the character characteristics and family style of the Lin clan as follows: bold and generous; integrity, loyalty; bravery and tenacity; credibility and righteousness; advocating ancestors; patriotism and love for others; diligence and eagerness; arduous pioneering; and courage to explore.

The personality characteristics and family style of these Lin clan people are also the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation shared by all Chinese surnames, but they are more obvious to those Lin clan people who have made certain contributions to the country and the nation and society, so they should not be regarded as the unique cultural inheritance of the Lin clan, but should be attributed to the excellent spirit of the Chinese nation.

Loyalty and filial piety

The zhongxiao family is the core of Lin's culture. "Filial piety comes first", the Lin people are the practitioners of traditional filial piety, and have always combined filial piety with loyalty, and "loyalty and filial piety" has become the core of Lin culture, and it is also a significant feature of Lin culture.

Successive feudal rulers of China's dynasties have advocated the word "loyalty and filial piety", and the code of conduct of "loyalty and filial piety" has become the surname characteristic of the Lin clan.

"Loyalty" in the traditional sense is to the state and the monarch who rules the state, as well as to his own masters. As far as the Lin clan is concerned, loyalty to the country is mainly loyalty to the country rather than loyalty to the monarch alone, and it is truly practiced and practiced for the sake of the country and the interests of the nation. The ancestor of the Lin surname, Bigan, killed himself more than 3,000 years ago to become a ren and serve the country loyally, and since then, the spirit of loyalty to the country and the nation has been inherited from generation to generation by the Lin clan.

The Lin clan people have been "loyal to the family" since ancient times, of which "filial piety" is regarded as the most basic criterion for being a person, and "loyalty" is an extension and play on this basis, that is, there is "filial piety" first, and then there is "loyalty", and filial piety determines loyalty. Proceeding from this fundamental position, the family discipline of the Lin surname specifies the method of practicing filial piety.

Filial piety, as the foundation of the Lin people's governance of the family, in addition to its own content, there is also its extension and development, "loyalty" is one of its developments, not only loyal to the state, nation, family, clan and other collectives, but also loyal to colleagues, friends, villagers and other individuals. In addition to filial piety, there is also "compassion", that is, the fraternity between brothers and sisters of the same ethnic group; brothers and sisters are born of their parents, and if they cannot love each other, they also belong to their parents who are not filial piety. From filial piety to the outside, it reaches the realm of "etiquette" (treating others with courtesy) and "faith" (emphasizing faith), requiring respect for elders, harmony among the people, the love of the family under the heavens, and the memory that "brothers and sisters are all brothers and sisters in all parts of the world". "Loyalty", "compassion", "etiquette", and "faith" are also often regarded as Chinese code of conduct that should be achieved by being a human being.

In many Lin family trees, the traditional family style of "loyalty and filial piety" has been visualized and concretized, or evolved into a specific life preaching and family law and family rules. The following are excerpts from the Lin family tree:

1. The eldest husband stands tall in heaven and earth, and has a heart for the world, and must tolerate others, not others. It is necessary to restrain desires, not to be controlled by desires. To be tolerated by man is to be ashamed of oneself, and to be controlled by desire is to be humiliated by oneself.

2, the road is narrow, leave a step with people to go; sweet, leave three points to eat with people. Blindly easy and calm, there is no city government in the chest, who hates me?

3. The reason why people stand up is only faith. In the old days, there is no faith and no standing, and if there is no righteousness, there is chaos. From fathers and sons and brothers to relatives and friends, all those who are willing to live in the world, make words and deeds, and make sure that the name is consistent and consistent. Do not harm others for the benefit of others, and do not harm private interests to harm the public. Such faith and righteousness are a man of honor and righteousness.

4, life in the world, you know people. He who is a friend, who knows his people, and who is friendly of his virtue, can be used to assist me in benevolence and correct my mistakes. Therefore, if you give it to others, you can cultivate your own virtue, and if you do not have them, you can only lead to the path of evil and gradually become inferior, so you must not be careless in choosing to make friends.

Attaching importance to education is the traditional family style of the Lin clan

Attaching importance to education is the traditional family style of the Lin clan, and education is put first, whether rich or poor. The emergence of talents surnamed Lin in Chinese history is not unrelated to this family style.

The Lin clan people list "loyalty", "filial piety", "compassion", "etiquette" and "faith" as the primary traditional family style, and attach great importance to the education and inheritance of their children, so that they have the good quality of serving the country or inheriting the family business from an early age. Some of the norms in this regard in the genealogy of the Lin surname are quite specific, and are copied as follows:

1. Whether the family is rich or poor, and the children are wise or foolish, the first thing is to read; reading can be poor, poor and reasonable, and can cultivate the way of Qi Zhiping. Not only is it not a crime, but it can also create talents for the country.

2. There are ten rules for reading: meditation is clear, thinking is thorough, good questioning is broad, reading more is knowledgeable, manuscript is easy to write, pure work is moral advancement, do not show off the strange and attached, do not wear chisels to gather doubts, no salary to taste the courage of the mind is not bitter, no courage to break the boat is not deep. Life is limited, such as running and passing waves; learning is like sailing against the current, and if you don't advance, you will retreat. And do not follow the rules and waste Shaohua. Coveting the useless name, delaying the learning of the cause, causing the boss to be sad and regretful.

3, reading in diligence, in perseverance, in the ability to bear hardships. Like a silverfish, like a snow, like a hanging beam, like a thorn strand, you can't get it from suffering. And remember not to be lazy, not to be arrogant, not to be proud of yourself, not to be clever, not to waste in the middle of the road, not to be satisfied with Xiaocheng. In this way, it will lead to great success, and it will become a great instrument.

From the above words, it can be seen that the family style of the Lin clan people who attach importance to education has the demands of feudal society to honor the ancestors and revitalize the family business, but it is also to enable the clan to have the ability and strength to participate in social construction, so as to repay the country and ancestors. In some places, the proverb "no forest and no list" proves that the Lin clan attaches great importance to the achievements of education, which means that the Lin clan people have made the talents in the clan so abundant because they attach importance to education, so that they can be listed in the imperial examinations of successive dynasties, leaving people with the impression that "without the Lin surname, they cannot make a list".

The characteristics of the Lin clan people's emphasis on education are not owned by the Lin family at one time and one place, but have universal significance. As early as the Warring States Period, the "Nine Dragon Gate" and "Ten Virtue Halls" have already shown this characteristic of the Lin clan; by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Lin clan took the lead in being "famous on the list" by Lin Zaojinshi and the first of the "Nine Pastors of Putian" in the Tang Dynasty, and since then it has been successive generations, and talents have emerged, so that "no forest does not open the list".

For example, some people in the Ming Dynasty praised: "The Lin surname is long-lasting, famous all over the world, called the literature state, Kodi has won consecutive years, and there are many people who have established a dynasty and are loyal and righteous." The so-called no forest and no list in the world refers to this. Another example is the Ming Dynasty Lin Han family has the reputation of "three generations of five shangshu", "seven branches and eight jinshi" and "three sacrifices of the national teacher", and the family has been famous for several generations with literary prominence, high position and respect, and the current shi clan is unparalleled.

A work surnamed Lin circulating in Thailand made a specific statistical summary of the talents surnamed Lin in the past: during the Song and Ming dynasties, only the people surnamed Lin in Fujian Province, there were hundreds of people with the surname of Lin in high school or eunuchs, and the number of people was so large that the influence was that they ranked first in the province. Some people surnamed Lin have the following links: "Four Prime Ministers, Twelve Titles, Seven Marquises, Three Thousand Jinshi". From this painting, we can imagine the glory of the Lin surname at that time, worthy of the title of "the first in eight Fujian".

The "Xihe Jiulong Genealogy", which is quite influential among the Lin clan, summarizes the traditional Lin culture in the form of poetry as follows: Kui Xing Kai Jing Yun, Hai Yu Zhen Literary Style. Changlin has Chinese descent and heroic Chinese dragons. Yi Ye Xiang reads there is a fat, and the hairpin is connected with each other. The son is noble and noble, and the grandson is virtuous and virtuous. I see that your room is full of eunuchs, all of whom are putian blue and purple. There is no shortage of officials in the father-son joint section, and the brothers are on the same list without interruption. There are brothers who hold the art to offer the golden platform, and there are brothers who take the golden steps. If the spontaneous combustion of quinoa is high, he will meet the list of famous dragons and tigers.

In addition to the officials of the Lin clan, there are also many folk literati and inkers who are rich in five cars and eight buckets. Famous scholars surnamed Lin have their own people, such as Lin Li during the Warring States period as one of the seventy-two sages of Confucius; Lin Gongzhi, a fujian changle man in the Song Dynasty, who was four years old and had all the Nine Classics; Lin Gongzhi, a fujian gutian man in the Song Dynasty, who was tireless in learning and was regarded as a "feared friend" by Zhu Xi, a master of science; Lin Ting, a native of Putian, Fujian, in the Song Dynasty, who had thousands of volumes of books and said that these books were the "good products" of future generations; Lin Shibi, a man from Fujian Minxian in the Ming Dynasty, was proud of his talents and spoke a thousand words; Lin Pufeng, a native of Dongguan, Guangdong, in the Qing Dynasty, was deeply involved in scriptures and had a deep understanding of astronomy, calendars, music, medicine, and medicine. The knowledge of Bu Zheng and other aspects has been deeply studied.

Honoring ancestors and respecting the ancestors is a traditional virtue of the Lin clan

Ancestor worship and respect for ancestors are the traditional virtues of the descendants of Yanhuang and the Chinese nation, and they are also the family style of the Lin clan people in the world.

Genealogy is a unique form of inheritance of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, which has been passed down for thousands of years. the genealogy of the Chinese originated in the Zhou Dynasty, and became popular among the people after the Han Dynasty. Genealogy provides irreplaceable historical support for the study of history, folklore, demography, sociology and economics.

The genealogy of the Lin clan was compiled earlier, and when Lin Xian in the Western Han Dynasty burned the book by Qin Shi Huang, he secretly hid the Lin clan genealogy in the ancestral tomb to save the Lin clan from being out of order. From the beginning of the Song Dynasty, with the prosperity of the Lin surname, there was the prosperity of the Lin clan genealogy. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the study of Lin surname genealogy became more developed and flourished for a long time, although after the later political movements such as "breaking the four olds", there are still many Lin surname genealogies that have survived the disaster.

A complete family tree of the Lin surname generally includes the genealogy name, genealogical order, ordinary examples, genealogy theory, portraits, Enronglu, ancestral examinations, family rules and family law, ancestral hall, five clothing diagrams, lineages, biographies, family property, contracts, tombs, genealogies, family rituals, art and literature, records of famous deeds, eunuchs, and genealogies. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the lin family tree and family tree were mostly left blank pages in the back, called the continuation of the sequel or Yu Qinglu, which means to wait for future generations to continue the genealogy, in order to show that the family continues to continue, and the world is prosperous.

Gangzheng Bu'a is the ethnic character of the Lin clan

In China's long history of patriarchal feudalism, flattery is an inevitable product of an authoritarian society, but the Lin clan people who adhere to the spiritual genes of being tough and honest and not rebelling against tyranny are rarely like this. The sages of the Lin surname in successive dynasties have attached great importance to the interests of the state and the great righteousness of the nation, and when the traitors stand in the way, they stand up and fight against the magnates, although they are defeated; when the Emperor is in power, they stand above the court, criticize the scales and directly advise, and after death, they show their iron bones as descendants of Bigan. The fierce deeds of the Lin clan are excerpted as follows to show future generations:

When Lin Jizhong, a Yongjia man of the Song Dynasty, was appointed as a servant of the bureaucracy, he quoted the Yue king as "lying on his salary and tasting his guts" to oppose peace negotiations with the Jin state, angering the traitor qin ju and being deposed.

The Song Dynasty man Lin Zong let go of the Tongzhou Prefecture School Professor, and the materials printed by the school involved Zhang Rebellion as a traitor, and when Tongzhou Junshou was the grandson of Zhang Rebellion, he asked Lin Zongfang to destroy the printing plates related to his grandfather, but Lin Zongfang resolutely refused to comply.

When Lin Dazhong, a Yongkang man of the Song Dynasty, was appointed as a Zhongshu Sheren, the powerful minister Han Nongxin wanted to make friends with him, but Lin Dazhong ignored him and instead wrote a letter to impeach him for rebellion against the party, so he was deposed by Han Nongxin's friends and returned home for more than ten years.

The Ming Dynasty Fujianese Lin Zhifanju official was clean and honest, but because he did not like to meet his superiors, he dismissed the official and returned.

Lin Gongfu, a Ming Dynasty Fujian Changle man, heard that Emperor Wuzong was touring the south, and he spent a lot of effort on the people's efforts, so he wrote a letter of advice, knelt in the outer court for five days, and finally was killed by the staff.

Lin Ruyi, a Fuqing man of the Ming Dynasty, ren yushi, participated in Wei Zhongxian, and was stripped of his meritorious name.

Lin Lanyou, a ming dynasty immortal tourist, was the first of the "Five Opinions of Chang'an" that was famous in the world at that time.

In addition, Lin Dan, Lin Anshang, Lin Shishu, Lin Fenglong, Lin Congzhou of the Song Dynasty, Lin Binghan, Lin Jun, Lin Zhao, Lin Shuo, Lin Kui, Lin Run, and so on of the Ming Dynasty, were all famous for not attaching themselves to the powerful. The history texts of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties record that whenever the traitorous party ran rampant, there were all Lin clan people who fought against the powerful people of the current dynasty for the benefit of the country, the nation, and the people, preferring to bend and die.

Lin Song, a Tang Dynasty scholar, had a lyrical union: "The eldest husband does not eat saliva, and when he clears the sea, he will clear his heart; the gentleman will not be under the fence, and dare to occupy the Taige pavilion on the top of the mountain." "This alliance shows the noble character of the Lin clan people who are awe-inspiring and upright, and do not bend their waists for five buckets of rice.

The Lin clan people not only regard the interests of the country, the great righteousness of the nation, the social troubles, and the well-being of the people as the first priority, and it is their duty as officials to be honest in performing official duties and being the masters of the people. The deeds of the Lin clan's Tang Tang are excerpted as follows to show future generations:

Lin Yiming, a native of Putian in the Song Dynasty, served as the governor of Huizhou, with outstanding political achievements, and on the day of his term of office, he had no money and only a few books.

In the Song Dynasty, Lin Ji, a Youxi man, once picked up a bag of tips, which contained hundreds of pearls, which were of great value, and he waited for the lost person to receive it at the place of picking up the goods, and the lost person wanted to share the pearl as a thank you, and Lin Ji was not resigned.

Lin Pan, a native of Minxian County in the Ming Dynasty, served in important positions such as the prefect of Guangzhou and the Shangshu of Nanjing Hubu, and after his death, he had no house and often lived in a monk's temple.

Lin Bi, a Ming Dynasty Longxi man, sent an envoy to Annam when he was the head of the ceremonial department, but he gave thousands of gold.

Others, such as Lin Geng, Lin Nai, Lin Xiaoze, Lin Xiaoyuan, and Lin Jiren of the Song Dynasty, Lin Jin, Lin Shimin, and Lin Chun of the Ming Dynasty, Lin Zexu and Lin Qi of the Qing Dynasty, and so on, are all honest and honest, and the lin surnamed eunuchs are all prominent eunuchs with the surname of Lin.

Under the patriarchal feudal system and its autocratic system, the character of the Lin clan people's "gangzhi loyal benevolence and courage" limited their development in their careers to a certain extent, and the result was often "tragic and fierce and sad" like their ancestor Bigan. Under the authoritarian rulers are mostly ministers who greet the superiors and advise the elders of the elders. Although the Lin surname is full of talents, after Bigan, no one has ever held the role of the first minister in the central dynasties such as Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing, which is due to the inheritance of the spirit of Bigan.