<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the history of the State of Lu should be earlier than the year of Lu Yin</h1>
The historical period from 770 BC to 476 BC is known as the "Spring and Autumn Period". The name comes from "Spring and Autumn".
The Spring and Autumn Period is a chronicle edited and compiled by Confucius, beginning in the year of Lu Yin, that is, in 722 BC.
So why did Confucius's "Spring and Autumn" not begin in the first 770 or at least in 768 BC, but from the Lu Yin AD more than 40 years later?
Some people say that it is because the national history of the State of Lu, "Spring and Autumn", was recorded from the beginning of Lu Yin's common era. This is clearly incorrect. Historians have verified that the extant Spring and Autumn Is a version that was deleted by Confucius and not the original version of the History of the State of Lu. In his "History of the Pre-Qin Dynasty" and many other works, Mr. Lü Simian clearly pointed out: "The revision of Confucius's "Spring and Autumn" was originally based on a clear meaning, so the Yuyuan (original) text has been deleted, and it is not the old history of Fulu. ...... Lu Shiyuan (original) text, some of which were deleted by Confucius. ”
Confucius's teachings
In the end, the original history of the lu state began in that year, and we now know it completely. However, the historical materials of the Lu Huigong period must exist, and the following two points can be explained:
Sima Qian clearly recorded in the "History of the LuZhou Gongshi Family No. 3" that "twenty-seven years, filial piety, the son Ofhuang Li, was for the benefit of the worker", Taishi Gongzhi history is rigorous, must have consulted the relevant historical materials.
In "Zuo Shi Chunqiu", Zuo Qiuming can interpret the "Spring and Autumn" that is too simple to be simple with a large number of facts, indicating that he must have other historical materials in his hands, otherwise, how can he interpret the first major drama of the Spring and Autumn Period in which Zheng Wugong married his wife, Zheng Zhuanggong's brother- and Gongshu Duan rebelled from a sentence "Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan"?
Where did the historical materials that Sima Qian and Zuo Qiuming consulted come from? At that time, there was no unified "Zhou Dynasty History Research Office", and most of the history of the princely states could only be recorded by the countries themselves. The information referenced by the two great historians is most likely in the national history of the State of Lu, so the original history of the State of Lu certainly did not begin with lu Yin A.D. but from an earlier period.
Sima Qian Drama stills
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > as to why Confucius's Spring and Autumn did not start with Lu Huigong, I think the reason should be roughly like this. </h1>
The purpose of Confucius's deletion of "Spring and Autumn" is not for narrative, but for "correcting the name". This is historically conclusive. The Spring and Autumn Chronicle records the history of two hundred and forty-two years (the extant Spring and Autumn Period, from the Duke of Luyin to the Duke of Lu'ai, the twelve generations of monarchs, counting 244 years. According to the "Biography of the Ram" and the "Biography of Gu Liang", it is 242 years until the fourteenth year of the Duke of Lai), but only about 18,000 words are used, on average, only 70 words a year. Excluding a large number of time-recording words such as "Three Years of Spring King February", the remaining estimate is less than two-thirds of the content that has substantive significance.
For example, in the third year of Lu Yingong, the content of "Spring and Autumn" is as follows:
In the third year of spring, the king of February, he has a sun and an eclipse. In March, the Heavenly King collapsed. Xia April Xin Jie, Jun's pawn. In the autumn, the Wu clan came to ask for bribes. August Gengchen, Song Gong and Gong. In February of the tenth month of winter, Qi Hou and Zheng Bomeng were in Shimen. Yan Wei, buried Song Mugong.
Even with punctuation, there are seventy-seven words in total, of which twenty-nine are words that record time, accounting for more than one-third.
Confucius cut down a history of the country so precisely that it was obviously not for the sake of narrative but to show an attitude. This attitude is to "follow the rules".
What is the "ritual" in Confucius's mind? Simply put, it is "king, subject, father, son", which means "the king must fulfill the duties of the king, the subjects must bear the responsibilities of the subjects, the father must fulfill the duties of the father, and the son must bear the responsibilities of the son." ”
In Confucius's ideal, the king, the subject, the father, and the son each have responsibilities and obligations, and cannot be confused. At the same time, the top and bottom must be orderly. Chaos from top to bottom is called "lowly", and chaos from bottom to top is "arrogance", and these are all things that must not be allowed.
But the development of society cannot be as Confucius and his old man intended. In his eyes, the Spring and Autumn Period was already "bad and bad". He was a little frightened, afraid that the world would not be a country in the long run. Regarding Confucius's intention to delete the Spring and Autumn Period, Mencius said very clearly: "The world is weak, heresy and atrocities are committed, and those who subject their kings have them; those who have killed their fathers have them." Confucius was afraid and wrote "Spring and Autumn". ”
Confucius wanted to use the "Spring and Autumn Great Righteousness" to deter the chaotic courtiers and thieves, and used the "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" to fight against the chaotic courtiers and thieves!
Map of the location of the State of Lu in the early Spring and Autumn Period
Since in order to "correct the name" and warn the world, then "Spring and Autumn" must begin with "goodness". I think this is why Confucius's Spring and Autumn began with Lu Yingong instead of Lu Huigong. Because Lu Huigong really did not conform to the image of Confucius's ideal of "ritual-following" people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Lu Huigong is a leader of "libid and happy"</h1>
Duke Hui of Lu reigned from 768 BC to 723 BC. He reigned for forty-five years, and what did he do to make Confucius very unhappy?
Forty-five years, almost half a century, Lu Huigong's deeds have been left behind, and there are only a few things that have been exchanged for infamy:
First thing: Interest collection.
The "History of the Third Family of the Duke of LuZhou" records that "the long-lived, in order to marry the Song." The song daughter is good, and the Hui Gong takes it from his wife. ”
Many people only know that in 718 BC, Wei Xuangong's "New Tai Na Daughter-in-Law", but they did not know that Lu Huigong had already staged the same good drama before Wei Xuangong. Zhongzi, a Song daughter who was supposed to marry her son, was taken into the arms of Lu Huigong. Zhongzi's son Gongzi Yun, later duke Of Lu Huan, was probably born in 731 BC, and with the time of her pregnancy, Duke Hui of Lu was at least fourteen years earlier than Duke Xuan of Wei. Many people don't know it, just because the "Spring and Autumn Left Biography" is not recorded.
Lu Huigong's shameless behavior was a great shame for the Song Guo Gong's family: originally a family, he became a son-in-law in a flash, and everyone was a person of the same age, which made Song Wugong's face where to put it? As a result, the relationship between Lu and Song fell directly to the freezing point, and war broke out for this reason.
Figure of a woman in the Spring and Autumn Period
The second thing: the second wife.
During the Zhou Dynasty, "princes have no two concubines" was a generally recognized and followed principle. This means that as a prince, you can only marry one lady, and the others who enter the harem are concubines. For example, Gongzi Xi's mother, Shengzi, was a concubine, but because she was the dowry of Lady Lu Guojun, her status was higher than other concubines. As a concubine, the son of Shengzi should be regarded as the son of the lady, so Gongzi Xi, that is, the Duke of Lu Yin, should be the eldest son of Lu Huigong, that is, the legitimate heir to the throne of the monarch.
However, Lu Huigong not only took zhongzi, the daughter-in-law who was originally married to the prince, as his own, but also made zhongzi a lady. As a result, the son of the second lady became a concubine, and the son of the first lady became a concubine, which laid the groundwork for the later murder of Duke Lu Yin. It is no wonder that the "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" will say that "the will of Hui Gong is evil and should not be obeyed." ”
Third thing: usurpation.
After Qin Wengong took over the position of Duke of Qin, he had a dream one day, dreaming that he was wandering in Liyi, and saw a large yellow snake descending from the sky and turning into a boy and saying to him: "I am the son of the Heavenly Emperor, and I have come to tell you that the Heavenly Emperor wants you to be the White Emperor, and you should be a good life!" ”
Wen Gong woke up from the dream and quickly found Tai Shi Dun to divinate. After some operation, Tai Shi Dun said to Qin Wengong: "This dream is to tell you that the White Emperor in the west will bless you, and you should hurry up and build an ancestral hall for the old man of the White Emperor to worship well." ”
Therefore, Qin Wengong ordered the mobilization of money and grain from all over the country, the construction of the White Emperor's Ancestral Hall, and the ceremony of the suburbs to pray for the blessing of the Qin state.
However, this "courtesy of the outskirts" that could be "communicated" with the Heavenly Emperor was only qualified to be held by the Son of Heaven, and Qin Wengong was obviously trespassing.
Qin Wengong Stills
Logically, as the state of the Zhou Dynasty, the State of Lu should have come out to accuse the State of Qin, but Lu Huigong forgot his duty and envied the State of Qin. So he sent Zai Rang to see Zhou Tianzi, hoping that Zhou Tianzi could make Lu Guo also perform a "suburban gift".
Of course, King Zhou Ping would not agree. Lu Huigong was angry because of this, and wrote in the letter: "Lu Guo is a descendant of Zhou Gongdan. Do you know who Zhou Gongdan is? Even the palace where you live, this City of Luoyi, was built for you by my ancestors. So why can the State of Qin perform the "Ritual of Suburban Zen" and the State of Lu not? Since you Zhou Tianzi can't forbid the Qin State from chaos, can you still ban my Lu State?! ”
Lu Huigong then also arrogantly rose up, set up a platform, performed the ceremony of the suburbs, and prayed for the blessing of the Lu kingdom.
The other princely states looked at it and thought that your country of Lu was a country of etiquette, a country of "etiquette", and you didn't pay attention to the rules, so what are we waiting for?! So they also arrogantly rose up. King Zhou Ping was angry, but there was nothing he could do.
The State of Lu, which should have taken the lead in maintaining the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, became the leader of the "collapse of etiquette" in the hands of Lu Huigong. How can Confucius's Spring and Autumn begin with a "bad" monarch?
Lu Yingong Stills
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >Nallu Yingong is not bad? </h1>
It wasn't bad, at least he didn't do anything that upset Confucius's old man.
First of all, Lu Yingong was a rather filial piety.
His father turned what was originally his daughter-in-law into his stepmother, and he was not angry, not even a word of resentment.
His father gave his stepmother's son Yun, who was supposed to be his monarch, and he was not angry. When Gongzi Yun was still young and let him temporarily take the place of managing the country, he did not take the opportunity to take the throne of the monarch for himself, and he was ready to wait for Gongzi Yun to return to him when he grew up. Just did not expect that Gongzi Yun was thrown by the villain, thinking that Lu Yingong did not want to return the position to him and "strike first" to kill Lu Yingong.
Secondly, Lu Yingong was a man of good harmony and friendship.
During his eleven-year reign, he worked hard to establish good relations with the States of Zheng and the State of Song; swore an alliance with the States of Qi and Ju; formed a family with the State of Ji; reconciled the contradictions between the States of Teng and Xue... Everything acted according to "etiquette" and re-established the image of the State of Lu as a country of "rituals.".
In the end, he was also a good monarch of the country.
During the reign of Duke Yin of Lu, he made full use of the delicate relations between the various princely states and disintegrated the conspiracy of The Father of Fei To split the State of Lu. This made the state of Lu the most stable princely state in the country when he was in power.
"Spring and Autumn Dew"
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > postscript</h1>
In "Spring and Autumn Dew", it is said:
Therefore, "Spring and Autumn" is for us to "cultivate ourselves, qi family, govern the country, and level the world", using it to govern the country can be peaceful in the world, and using his self-cultivation can be used to build a family and a peaceful life. Such a book, on which Confucius had high hopes, certainly needs a good start.
Lu Yingong, such an exemplary figure in defending the Zhou rites, fully met Confucius's requirements for the good beginning of the Spring and Autumn Festival. Therefore, Confucius deleted and took the year of Lu Yin as the starting time of the new edition of "Spring and Autumn".
Although this is my speculation, I believe that this is the truth. Welcome friends to leave a message to discuss. Thanks for reading!
Bibliography of this article: "History", "Spring and Autumn Left Biography", "Spring and Autumn Left Transmission of Justice", "General History of China", "Pre-Qin History", "Spring and Autumn Prosperity", "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography"