Duke Ji Fuhuang of Lu Hui, a generation of monarchs with ingenious ideas who enabled the State of Lu to retain influence in the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty through the "power of etiquette". However, such a person who "advocates" etiquette and etiquette also did something out of the ordinary in his later years. As described in the previous part of "The History of the State of Lu", Huigong, because of the young and beautiful "daughter-in-law" Zhongzi, had developed love for himself, and simply continued to make her a lady, and gave birth to the eldest son Ji Yun. The whole thing is not only absurd, but also leaves Huigong with the stain of "wife snatching", but also casts a shadow on the influence of the State of Lu.
However, looking back on this matter, the most injured person should actually be Fu Huang's eldest son Ji Xi. Not only was his "wife" snatched away by his father, but because the stepmother gave birth to a concubine, he completely lost the right to inherit. Moreover, this is not the end, his father put him on a more bullying task before his death, asking him to help his young brother manage the country for a few years, and then return to ji yun later. This is really a good person to be deceived, and all the bad luck has been put on the table by Ji Xi. However, Ji Xi was really an "honest man", and after much deliberation, he still agreed to his father's request, and after the death of Huigong, he took charge of the country as a regent. However, the subjects of the State of Lu seemed to take good care of this poor man, and gave him a title equivalent to that of the monarch, the Duke of Lu Yin (recorded in the "Law of The Book of Rumors": "The state is hidden without revealing the corpse, but idle to dominate the country", which should be the best portrayal of him not being a real monarch and presiding over state affairs).
Lu Yin Gong Ji Sigh
Duke Yin of Lu, surnamed Ji (姬名息), is recorded in books such as Shiben (世本) and other books as Shigu (息姑), and was the eldest son of Duke Hui of Lu and his concubine Shengzi. Since he has promised his father to act as a regent for a period of time on behalf of his brother, let's talk about the story of luguo after he "lived in the regent" from today's "history of the lu country". So why was the story of the Lu monarch relatively brief before, and it would be richer for the author to deliberately declare in advance that it would be richer when it came to the Yin Gong? Do you also pity the hidden prince and want to complain more about him? In fact, although I sympathize with Ji Xi in the next step, it is really not because of this that I want to write a few more "historical words" for him, but it is really because from the beginning of the Hidden Gong, the historical materials we can consult are more abundant. Because the "Spring and Autumn" written by Old Master Kong was written from the time of the reclusive residence, with these records, we can better understand the Lu kingdom and the first half of the entire Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
In addition, it is necessary to digress a little more in the next step, precisely because the content contained in Confucius's "Spring and Autumn" began in the year of the Hidden Common Era, so in the next view, the real Spring and Autumn period in history should also begin in this year, that is, the forty-ninth year of the Ping King. However, in the previous forty years or so, there was really no need to divide a separate historical period, and the state of the Zhou Dynasty during that period was the same as that recorded in "Spring and Autumn". Therefore, historians have divided the Eastern Zhou Dynasty into only two sections, the first half of which is called the Spring and Autumn Period, and the second half is called the Warring States.
Confucius was in the Spring and Autumn Period
Okay, after talking about the digression, let's go back to the book. After Lu Yin's public residence, should this "honest man" who has been unlucky for a long time also be transferred? After all, a person can't carry it for a lifetime. But history is such a reality, the first year after Ji Xi's regency was troublesome, and one embarrassing thing after another needed to be handled by him. Among them are the "sequelae" left by his father Huigong, and the troubles brought by King Tianziping, what is the specific? The contemptible person will tell you one by one:
1. It is very embarrassing to bury Huigong, the concubine has not succeeded to the throne, and the concubine is difficult to manage
As soon as you look at this subtitle, you should be able to understand that the first embarrassing thing that Yin Gong encountered was the problem of how to bury his father. It is reasonable to say that when the first monarch dies, the successor monarch should preside over the funeral and formally bury it, and then there are follow-up processes such as filial piety to be completed. But Huigong's bullying arrangement before his death complicated this matter.
First, because of his young age, Ji Yun did not succeed to the throne, he could not preside over the funeral as a monarch (Ji Yun should still be a child at that time, and even if he succeeded to the throne, he could not preside over the funeral); second, although he presided over state affairs, his status was only that of the regent of xiangguo, and he could not preside over the funeral as an heir.
Duke Lu Yin was not an official monarch and could not preside over funerals
This made Huigong not have a normal ceremony during the entire burial process, and may not even have held any funeral (the Spring and Autumn Period does not record Huigong's burial, nor does it record that the monarchs of the princely states came to mourn, so that the contemptible people had the idea of not holding a funeral), and they rushed into the ground. Isn't this Huigong's embarrassment and Hidden Gong's embarrassment?
2. Huigong has been buried, but the Son of Heaven has sent people to "make trouble"
The so-called Tianzi sent people to "stir up trouble", not that King Ping really let people come to Luguo to cause sabotage and cause trouble, but that King Ping deliberately sent his minister Zai Wei to mourn Huigong, that is, as recorded in the "Left Biography": "In the autumn and July of the year of the Hidden Common Era, the Heavenly King made ZaiFu come to Huigong and Zhongzi Zhizhao ("赗" sound feng, four sounds, is the property donated to help people do funerals)." It is said that the Son of Heaven sent someone to send the treasures needed for Huigong's funeral, which should be a glorious thing, so how can it become "troublemaking"? There are two historical theories about the explanation of this "troublemaking":
First, the book "Zuo Biao" mentions: "Giving death is not enough to corpses, hanging is not enough to mourn, Yu is fierce, and indecent is also." That is to say, the time when King Ping ordered someone to come to mourn this time is not quite right, because this time the condolence said that it was to send funeral goods to Huigong, he had already been buried in the ground, which was equivalent to not catching up; and to send funeral gifts to Huigong's wife Zhongzi, she had not yet died, which was equivalent to predicting the murder in advance. Such an uncivilized behavior is really embarrassing for the People of Lu.
Zuo Qiuming and Gu Liangchi expressed their opinions on "Spring and Autumn"
Second, although the biography of Gu Liang, another history book annotating the Spring and Autumn Period, agrees with the first half of the view that King Ping ordered people to send funeral goods too late, it rejects the view in the second half of the "Zuo Zhuan", that is, Tianzi did not predict the murder in advance. Because, Gu Liangchi believes, the "Zhongzi" mentioned here is not Huigong's wife, but should be Ji Fuhuang's mother, that is, the side chamber of Xiaogong. It is precisely because she is not the main chamber of filial piety, so when King Ping mourns, he should not mourn the concubine, which is rude, which is the second half of the explanation that embarrassed Lu Guo.
So which explanation is more appropriate? The contemptible people feel that what the two books say has a certain truth, and the specific right and wrong, because Old Master Kong did not write down who this "Zhongzi" really was, so it was impossible to assert whether Zuo Qiuming was correct or Gu Liangchi was unmistakable. And the view that the two of them jointly put forward that "King Ping made Zai Que return to Zhen" was too late was definitely one of the reasons for the embarrassment of Lu Guo and Yin Gong. But why is it that King Ping is late to send funeral goods? Could it not be that Lu Guo buried HuiGong in advance because he could not hold a formal funeral?
This is because in the "Zhou Li", it is written that after the death of the Son of Heaven, the spirit will be stopped for 7 months for the princes of the four directions to come to mourn; after the death of the princes, the spirit will be stopped for 5 months, for the allied states to come to mourn; after the death of the doctor, the spirit will be suspended for 3 months for colleagues to mourn; and the spirit will be stopped for 1 month after the death of the scholar. At this time, it was already the seventh month after the reclusive residence, and if Huigong had not yet been buried, it would be enough for the Heavenly Son to stop the spirit, and Lu Guo would definitely not make such a rebellious act. However, King Ping waited until this time to send someone to deliver the funeral goods, of course, it was a disrespect of the imperial court, which greatly embarrassed the State of Lu.
The "Four Criteria for Stopping Spirits" in the Zuo Biao
In addition, in the next step, I would like to raise a little more about King Ping's disrespect, that is, the person he sent to mourn, Zai Ji (Zai as an official name, 咺 personal name) also has problems. Because, in general, when calling a person's name directly in "Spring and Autumn", it contains a derogatory meaning or indicates that the person's own identity is low. Since Zai Que was an envoy sent by the Son of Heaven, he should have adopted an honorific title, but Old Master Kong recorded it in the book under his real name. In addition to the fact that the Heavenly Son's mourning etiquette just mentioned did not conform to the etiquette and made people despise the envoys he sent, there was also a possibility that Zai Ya himself was only a low-ranking subordinate doctor. However, such an important Ji surnamed Zong state in the State of Lu, such a big event as the death of their monarch, the Son of Heaven only sent a subordinate doctor to return to the throne, which was not only rude, but also made the Hidden Duke even more embarrassed.
3. Huigong married three Song women, but still had to fight with them
After seeing the embarrassing incident just now, you should be able to understand how much embarrassment King Ping's "troublemaking" brought to the Lu state from the length of its narrative. However, this embarrassment was still not over for Yin Gong, and then in the ninth month after his regency, Ji Xi was going to clean up the mess for his father again. This time, The object that Yin Gong had to face was his mother's mother's mother, Song Guo.
It turned out that the Huigong, who had married three Song women, Mencius, Zhongzi, and Shengzi, somehow turned his face to the old man Song Guo in his later years, and the two sides fought each other. What is even more excessive is that Huigong attacked the Song kingdom very hard, and even defeated his main force at Huangyi, not far from the Song capital Shangqiu, so that the two countries, which were originally close, became enemies from then on. Because of this, the war between the two countries was still going on when Ji Fuhuang died, so the "Left Biography" also attributed it to one of the reasons for Lu Huigong's hasty burial.
Schematic map of the location of Huangyi, the place where Lu and Song were at war
After waiting for the hidden public residence, this mess must always be cleaned up, after all, Song Guo is the mother's mother's mother, Shengzi, and he has no hatred with Song Guo, there is no need to continue fighting. What's more, Huigong had just passed away, and even if he could not keep filial piety as a bereaved lord, it was not appropriate to send troops to fight during the great funeral. Therefore, Ji Xi took the initiative to lower his posture and invited the king of the Song State to the place of residence to discuss the matter of striking troops and forming an alliance. The Song people were also miserable because of the years of war, and of course they reconciled with the State of Lu, and the two sides restored their previous harmony.
4. In order to save the face of the Son of Heaven, Yin Gong was forced to give his father another funeral
According to the "Zuo Biography", "In the winter of October, Gengshen, rebury Huigong", this is ostensibly because Huigong was too frugal when he was buried, and Ji Xi, as a son, wanted to help his father to organize a funeral in a beautiful way to make him more decent. However, when we continue to read this record, we will find that the phrase "GongFu Lin" (that is, the Hidden Duke still cannot participate as a bereaved lord) is impressively recorded in the book. This shows that the so-called previous funeral is incomplete, the need to change the funeral is just a statement, in fact, the second funeral is the same as the first, there is still no mourner who presided over the funeral, how can we say that this change of funeral is complete?
Then why did Yin Gong repeatedly hold a funeral that embarrassed himself and Lu Guo? The contemptible people thought that Ji Xi was helping King Ping to regain face. As mentioned in the second embarrassing incident just mentioned, because the envoys sent by King Ping were not enough, and the funeral gift came very late, not only did Lu Guo feel embarrassed, but even Tianzi's own face was lost. Since Yin Gong was a kind and virtuous honest man, and Lu Guo was the ji surname Zong Guo who most supported the imperial court and respected the law of etiquette, how could he make Tianzi lose face? Therefore, Ji Xi would rather be embarrassed again, and also give his father Huigong another funeral to show that king Ping's return was not too late.
Ancient funeral rites
Finally, Yin Gong survived his first year of residence with difficulty, and four embarrassing things in a row made his tragic fate continue to be written. Then will the "honest man" who cleaned up the tragedy for his father and saved face for Tianzi continue to carry it? Let's recount it next time in the "History of luguo".
【A Brief History of Keyword Cloud Map】
In order to facilitate the majority of history enthusiasts to quickly recall the relevant historical content, the author "Idle Spring and Autumn" will present a "brief history of keyword cloud maps" at the end of each article, through 8-12 keywords, to help everyone recall the content of the article, I hope that all readers like.
The keywords of this article are: the year of the Hidden Era, the helplessness to live in the photography, the beginning of the shooting, the continuous embarrassment, the funeral is unattended, the return of the Son of Heaven is late, the restoration of the Relationship between Lu and Song, the restoration of the Face of the Son of Heaven, and the point of betrayal of the honest man.
A brief history of keyword cloud maps