The children of the poor have long been in charge, and Sun Guangxian has studied diligently since childhood, and eventually became the first reader in their family. As an adult, Sun Guangxian, like most readers, lived a life of wandering and studying. He may have served as a minor official in Former Shu, but after the fall of Former Shu, Sun Guangxian witnessed the dangerous situation and broke the mindset that the Sichuan people were reluctant to leave their hometown, and went from Western Shu to the land of Jingchu. Gao Jixing divided Nanping and became known as the King of Nanping. This is a weak and small separatist regime, which is very small among the Ten Kingdoms, surrounded by the southern Tang, Shu, Fujian, Chu and other separatist regimes, and can be said to be the "land of four wars".
Here, Sun Guangxian met the most important person in his life, Liang Zhen, a fellow villager in Sichuan, who recommended him to be the "palm secretary" under Gao Jixing, the first generation of rulers in Nanping, a position usually held by a wealthy and famous literati, equivalent to the chief of staff of Gao Jixing, the king of Wuxing. After Gao Jixing's death, Sun Guangxian assisted three generations of rulers such as Gao Congzhi and Gao Baorong, who were loyal and high-powered, and could be said to be the literary courage and strategists in the Nanping regime. Sun Guangxian was a sober-minded politician, rational and pragmatic, which also allowed him to assist the rulers of Nanping in his decades of political career, and made important contributions to the peaceful development of the Nanping regime in the dangerous situation of the four wars for decades.
In the first year of Tiancheng, gao Jixing, the ruler of Nanping, took advantage of the chaos of the Central Plains Dynasty to build a large warship to prepare to attack the Chu state, and Sun Guangxian dissuaded that Nanping had just regained its vitality, and if it was good at starting a war and expanding its troops, it would give neighboring countries an opportunity to take advantage of it, so that the regime would have the danger of overturning.
Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" once told a story about Sun Guangxian, the second-generation ruler of Nanping, Gao Congzhi, was very envious of the arrogant and lavish life of Ma Xifan, the king of Chu, and whenever he talked about it, his eyes were shining brightly, and Sun Guangxian saw the shadow of the former Shu king Yan from Gao Congxian's gaze, and also saw the signs of the fall of the country, so he quickly dissuaded Ma Xifan, who was short-sighted and arrogant and extravagant, and would soon perish, and Gao Congzhi heeded Sun Guangxian's advice and from then on "donated to play well, to entertain himself through history, to save punishment and hardship, and to be safe in the territory." Later, Sun Guangxian's guide Liang Zhen took the initiative to retire and entrusted all political affairs to him, and Gao Congzhi also trusted Sun Guangxian very much, and with the assistance of Sun Guangxian, a period of stability and prosperity appeared in Nanping.
In fact, Sun Guangxian, who judged the hour and sized up the situation, had already seen that after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, national reunification had long since become an irreversible trend, just as the so-called historical trend was mighty, and those who went along with it were born and those who rebelled died, Sun Guangxian urged the rulers of Nanping to submit to the Song Dynasty, and after returning to the Song Dynasty, Sun Guangxian was also appreciated by Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, and let him go to Huangzhou to do the history of assassination.
So the question is, is Sun Guangxian a traitor? Non also. In the case of reunification becoming the trend of the times, Sun Guangxian's choice is correct, which shows that his mind and insight are indeed extraordinary.
Sun Guangxian was ups and downs in the first half of his life, and in the second half of his life, he was an extremely popular subject, and it is reasonable to say that Sun Guangxian should be able to enjoy life well, but Sun Guangxian is a hard worker, and it should be said that he is a bookworm. He was obsessed with collecting books, obsessed with writing books. In the chaotic world, high-ranking officials often collect gold and silver treasures, but Sun Guangxian likes to collect books, every time he goes to a place, he will spend a lot of money to buy books, so that there are tens of thousands of books in his home, Sun Guangxian wrote books such as "Northern Dream Trivia" based on these books, "Northern Dream Trivia" has become an important reference material for later generations to study the social history of the late Tang Dynasty, and also made himself a famous historian.
Sun Guangxian is a three-legged lyricist of the Huajian school with Wen Tingjun and Wei Zhuang, but Sun Guangxian's view of the word is different from that of the Huajian school lyricist. The characteristics of the words "Huajian Collection" are summed up in one word, that is, "Yan", in the "Huajian Collection", the eyes are full of red fragrant and soft images, the eyes are full of beautiful rhetoric, and the eyes are full of female "Qiluo Xiangze". The "Yan" of "Huajian Collection" is manifested in two aspects, one is to write the erotic feelings of male and female love, such as Niu Zhao's "must be a lifelong fight, do your best to be happy today" can be proved. It can be seen that the five dynasties and ten kingdoms of the late Tang Dynasty were an ambiguous era in which love was full of hormonal explosions. The other is Yanyu, the word people focus on the women in the red pink tent, focusing on their body parts, they like to write "moth eyebrows", "cheeks", "vermilion lips", "snow chest", "waist" and so on. In short, the word between the flowers is to write erotic feelings in a erotic language, which makes people ambiguous and addictive.
Sun Guangxian was listed as a poet of the Huajian school, and naturally it was indispensable to write these words, but he also opposed the blind pursuit of the writing of yanyu and eroticism, and he hoped that words could have the function of educating social life like poetry, just like Bai Juyi advocated, "songs and poems are composed for things", words must have a positive educational function for people, but also reflect the complex society and the life of sorrow and joy.
Sun Guangxian actually looks down on the people who write beautiful words. His "Northern Dream Trivia" records such a story, "Jin Xiang and Ning, when he was a teenager, he was good as a song lyric, and He YuLuo was clothed." Rushing into the picture, the special trustee cleaned up and burned it. However, Xiangguo is thick and virtuous, and in the end it is a beautiful word. The Khitan entered the Yimen Gate with the title of 'Quzi Xianggong'. The so-called good things do not go out, and the evil things go thousands of miles, which is something that a gentleman has to abstain from. "Later Jin's prime minister and condensation, when he was young, liked to write beautiful words, and it was very popular. When He Ning became the prime minister, he sent people to go around to collect the words he had written, and take them all back and burn them all. However, he was too famous, and the works were widely circulated, so naturally they could not all be withdrawn, and even the Khitan people knew his beautiful words, and gave him a nickname called "Quzi Xianggong". Sun Guangxian finally sighed loudly, saying that good things do not go out, and evil things do thousands of miles, and it is obvious that he also despises those glamorous words, which is the more common view of intellectuals at that time. "Poetry is beautiful" and "words are small paths", and gentlemen do not do it. Therefore, although Sun Guangxian also wrote the words of the flowers that men and women love, his words are not limited to the words between the flowers, and the theme has been newly developed.
There are very few words in the huajian words of yongshi nostalgia, border plugs, and rural landscapes, but in Sun Guangxian's case, these have become the norm. These words, compared with the words between the flowers that specialize in the alcoholic woman, can be described as "different tones between the flowers", in this sense, Sun Guangxian has made great contributions to the expansion of the theme of the words between the flowers.
Intellectuals and politicians like to look to history for lessons. As a sober and rational politician, Sun Guangxian likes to write nostalgia and historical words. The chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is similar to that of the Six Dynasties, so the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties can be used as a political reference. Sun Guangxian turned his gaze to Jinling in the Six Dynasties, writing the story of Chen Houzhuo's "Backyard Flowers" and Zhang Lihua's hair, thus expressing his deep reflections on history. "Backyard Flowers":
Shicheng is still empty of the river country, and the Forbidden City is spring colored. Seven feet of green silk and green grass, a rare thing in the world.
Yuying withered away, who knows? Wild begonias are weaving, just teaching people to add resentment and memory, and hope for infinity.
The gist of the word is that the Yangtze River under the stone city is empty, the spring color of Lord Chen Hou's palace is still the same, and Zhang Lihua, whose seven-foot long hair is like the green color of spring grass, has long been incense and jade, and such a beauty is rare in the world. When the prosperity is over, even if the wild begonia flowers bloom brilliantly, no one knows her anymore, just makes people feel sad. The prosperity of the Six Dynasties has long since become an illusion. The Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi also lamented that the cultural relics of the Six Dynasties were empty. Liu Yuxi wrote, "The mountains are surrounded by the homeland, and the tide empties the city and returns to loneliness; in the old days and months east of Huaishui, the female wall is returned late at night." This poem should have been borrowed from Liu Yuxi's poem.
Lord Chen Hou was extremely poor and extravagant, and when the country was in danger, he sang the mesmerizing sound of "Backyard Flowers"; Zhang Lihua had a unique beauty, a long flowing hair, and every "Linxuan dressing up, looking like a god in the distance". One is the last king who is arrogant and lascivious and ignores state affairs; the other is a beautiful concubine who looks like a heavenly immortal and is brilliant, which is the standard of the subjugation of the country in Chinese history. In this poem, Sun Guangxian does not explicitly express criticism, because Chinese poetry is an implicit art that pursues meaning beyond words; at the same time, Chinese poetry is an image art of blending situations, and poets' emotions are often expressed through scenery.
In this poem, Sun Guangxian mourned Zhang Lihua, whose face was peerless, with the spring color of Jinling. No matter how prosperous the Six Dynasties are, all of this has become obsolete, and now it is "more knowledgeable, and the wild begonias are weaving". On the surface, it is mourning that the beauty has passed away, but in fact, it is mourning the end of an absurd era, and a kind of national subjugation worry flows in the words. This reflects the tradition of Chinese intellectuals seeking lessons from history; it also embodies the crisis consciousness of Chinese intellectuals who are worried about the country and the people for the sake of the country. Sun Guangxian's deep sense of historical distress is extremely rare in the flower words full of beautiful scenery and lovesickness.