The finish of the film and television drama
Mr. Jin Yong's "Biography of the Archery Hero" is familiar to everyone, whether it is the thick and honest Guo Jing or the clever and mischievous Huang Rong, or the sinister and deep Yang Kang, and the unswerving Mu Nianci. In fact, everyone has ignored a person, he is the sixth prince of the Golden Kingdom, Completed Yan Honglie, who was crowned as the King of Zhao in the Golden Kingdom, he was humble and respectful, a corporal of etiquette, very eager for talents, resourceful, shrewd and capable. Although Yan Honglie was a fictional Prince of Jin Guo by Mr. Jin Yong, he also had an archetype, his name was Guan Yan Tielin, he was the son of Jin Zhangzong and Yuan Concubine Li Shi'er, and died when he was 2 years old. However, Yan Honglie's father, Jin Zhangzong, completed Yan Jing, was an active policy of Sinicization, which brought the national strength of the Jin State to its peak.
Jin Zhangzong finished Yan Jing
In 1189, Yan Jing succeeded to the throne, and he was Jin Zhangzong. Finished Yan Jing, also known as Completed Yan Ma Da Ge, was the 6th emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and he was the grandson of Emperor Jin Sejong. Kim Jangjong was fortunate to have taken over a country recovering from war when he succeeded to the throne, and his grandfather Kim Sejong left him a lot of precious legacies.
Jin Zhangzong's father, Yan Yungong
Jin Zhangzong's father was Wanyan Yungong, who was the son of Kim Sejong and Empress Ulinda. In the early years, the Ulinda clan committed suicide in order to avoid the humiliation of Yan Liang, and Jin Sejong never established an empress after succeeding to the throne, which shows the depth of feelings. And for this son of himself and the Ulinda clan, Kim Sejong was very fond of him. At the age of 16, he was made crown prince and became crown prince. Jin Shizong had high hopes for the prince, and found many famous Confucians to teach and cultivate, and Yan Yungong was also very competitive, studying hard and living up to Jin Shizong's expectations.
Kim Sejong's wife, Empress Chodeok of the Urinda clan
However, When Emperor Jin Sejong was on a tour of Beijing, he suddenly died of illness, and Kim Sejong was deeply saddened, and after thinking about it, he established Yun Gong's son, Completed Yan Jing, as the emperor's grandson. For Yan Jing, his father Yan Yungong vigorously cultivated when he was alive, in addition to teaching Han culture, he also taught Jurchen culture, which can be said to be bilingual teaching. Therefore, Yan Jing mastered Jurchen culture and Han culture at a very young age.
In 1189, Kim Sejong died and was succeeded by Yan Jing. The emperor of the Jin Kingdom from Ah Kuan Da to Jin Shizong, each emperor is trained in war and turmoil, and Jin Zhangzong is different from his previous predecessors, he grew up under the careful protection and cultivation of his grandfather and father, and since childhood he was infected with Confucian classics and piano, chess and painting, so this emperor is more of a confucian scholar than a heroic emperor.
After Jin Zhangzong succeeded to the throne, he did not maintain the Jurchen culture like his grandfather, but practiced a comprehensive Sinicization. Today, Jin Zhangzong has many poems circulating, most of which are works of affection for the affairs around him, far less than the imperial spirit in the poems of Hailing King. One of the more typical is "Yunlong Chuan Taihe Hall May Peony":
"Luoyang Valley Jade Red Thousand Leaves, Lingwai Zhu Mingyu A Branch;
Although the occurrence of earth power is different, the creation of heaven and earth is selfless. ”
This poem is considered to be a masterpiece of Jin Zhangzong, depicting the peony flowers that grow in the bitter cold land of Yunlongchuan. Jin Zhangzong also had some poems handed down. For example, "Butterfly Love Flower Gathering Bone Fan":
"Several Strands of Xiangjiang Dragon Bone are thin, skillfully turned over, and folded into Xiangbo wrinkles. Golden wisps of small tungsten flowers and grass buckets, green strips are more knotted with concentric buckles. The Golden Hall has been feasting for a long time every day, which has attracted a temporary breeze. Overhearing the preaching of the trumpet, it gently faded into the sleeve of the incense. ”
The "Secret of the Jade" seal of Jin Zhangzong on the "Female Shi Zhen"
Most of these are depictions of idle life in the court, with frivolous sentences and flowery rhetoric, and are written for entertainment. Jin Zhangzong is also known for his collection of famous paintings and calligraphy, and there are seven jade seals specially used for the collection of calligraphy and paintings, which are "Secret House", "Mingchang", "Mingchang Treasure Play", "Imperial Palace Treasure Painting", "Inner Temple Treasure Play", "Secret of The Jade Group", and "Mingchang Imperial Collection". Many of the famous paintings handed down today have the mark of Zhangzong, among which Gu Kaizhi's famous painting "Female Shi Zhen" also has an inscription by Zhangzong on the map. Tao Zongyi, a scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, said that Jin Zhangzong's calligraphy imitated the thin gold body of Emperor Huizong of Song, which showed the depth of the Jurchen Emperor's sinology.
During the Jin Zhangzong period, Confucianism was promoted and the Confucius Temple was overhauled nationwide
Jin Zhangzong's fondness for poetry and Confucianism was also reflected in his governing policy, which he vigorously promoted during his reign. In 1190, Emperor Zhangzong rebuilt the Confucius Temple in Qufu and stipulated that schools everywhere must be built together with the Confucius Temple. The Confucius Temple project began in 1191 and was completed in 1194, with more than 360 halls and houses being built, and the statues of Confucius and his disciples were reconstructed. Under the emperor's initiative, the Confucius Temple was overhauled everywhere, and the original ones that were destroyed in the war were restored, and the construction of those that did not exist was started, and a wave of Honoring Confucius rose throughout the country.
What the Jin ruling class valued was the moral indoctrination effect of Confucianism on people, that is, to promote loyalty to the monarch and filial piety to elders. Jin Zhangzong took the lead in encouraging the death of loyalty to the king, the so-called death festival is the act of loyalty that sacrifices life for the dynasty. During the jin zhangzong era, foreign wars were constantly abounded, and a number of officials who were loyal to the country were praised. One of the more representative was Wei Quan, who was captured in the war against the Song Dynasty.
"Twenty-Four Filial Pieties" diagram
The Song dynasty general asked him to scold Jin Zhangzong, so he could avoid death, but Wei Quanning instead broke his mouth and scolded Song Ningzong, and was finally killed by the Song army. After learning of this man's deeds, Emperor Zhangzong posthumously gave him the title of "General Xuanwu, Order of Mengcheng County", named his wife a township prince, gave him three official houses, and money of millions, and his son grew up to be 15 years old, and could be made an official by Yin. Jin Zhangzong also asked the Shiguan to engrave and print Wei Quan's deeds, promulgating them to the world, and setting up a model of loyalty and patriotism for the Chinese people to learn.
In addition to loyalty to the king, another important aspect of the moral indoctrination of subjects is filial piety, and Jin Zhangzong also spared no effort to promote this moral code. Emperor Zhangzong first set an example by visiting his mother five or six times a month to perform filial piety to his son. When her mother was seriously ill, she visited her day and night and did not return until late at night. After his mother's death, when sejong and his mother's day of worship, Emperor Zhangzong never accepted greetings from officials. When the emperor set an example of filial piety, he naturally also had to commend and encourage the filial piety in the country.
In this cultural atmosphere, Jin Zhangzong also compiled the ritual music system formulated by Jin Sejong in the era of Jin Sejong into a book, named "Miscellaneous Records of Jin ShuXiu". In the fifth year of Ming Chang, he issued an edict adopting the Tang and Song dynasty ritual system as the standard, setting up an institution to discuss ritual music, and in 1195, zhang Wei was sent to compile the "Great Golden Ceremony", which compiled the ritual music system of the Jin Dynasty according to Confucian concepts for future generations to refer to.
The territory of the Golden Kingdom in its heyday
At this time, the Golden State can be called a complete liturgical music. The ultimate purpose of formulating liturgical music and practicing Confucian ideas is actually to show the world that the Jin Empire is the legitimate successor of the Central Plains Dynasty, that Honoring Kong and Respecting Confucianism is at the level of cultural Morality, and at the political level, it is about "orthodoxy". Jin declared "orthodoxy under the heavens" during the reign of Emperor Taizong, and during the reign of Emperor Jin Shizong, he declared that "our country is the lord of the Liao and Song Dynasties, according to the righteousness of the world", and there is a great tendency to call other countries around him Yidi.
During the Jin Dynasty, the national power of the Jin Dynasty reached its peak, called the "rule of Mingchang", and Mr. Tao Jinsheng once pointed out that the traditional life form of the Jurchen people farming and hunting made the Jurchens "easy to adapt to life in the Central Plains and become Chinese-style farmers." "From King Hailing to Jin Zhangzong, the Jin Kingdom has been developing in this direction. That is, during the jin zhangzong period, the jin state completed the road of feudalization.
The kings of the Jin Dynasty
However, the Jin Dynasty was after all a dynasty established by the Jurchens, and Jin Zhangzong had to find a balance between the Jurchen leaders and the Emperor of the Central Plains, although Jin Zhangzong himself was devoted to Sinicization, and these measures were also promoted to stabilize the rule. When Jin Zhangzong continued the "rule of Dading" during the Jin Dynasty, he himself encountered the same threatening factors in the dynasties, and these factors inevitably weakened the Jin kingdom.
This article was originally published
Reference: "Kimshi"
The End of the Chronicle of Jin Shi
《Daikin Kokushi》
"Return to the Dive"