Sha Menghai listed Huang Mufu and Qiao Zengshao in the "History of Printing Studies" after the chapter of Zhao Zhiqian, and commented that "Wu Xizaichun came out of Deng, and Zhao Zhiqian also served as a master and a two sects of Zhejiang, not thinking of himself as The Deng Sect, and in our opinion, his main spirit is still the original Deng family." Huang Shiling Yuanzong DengShi, close to Fa Wu and Zhao, looking for its breath, tends to Zhao Zhiqian. ”
We often compare Huang Mufu and Wu Changshuo together, in fact, in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Huang Mufu and Wu Changshuo were masters who truly opened up sects, achieved great achievements and were good at calligraphy and painting, and Mr. Han Tianheng used painting terminology to evaluate the two masters, he believed that Wu Changshuo was "the pioneer of splashing ink and writing", and Huang Mufu was "a big stroke of heavy pen".
(Image of Huang Maki)
He believes that "Wu Changshuo's seal carvings are characterized by clumsy appearance and rough clothes, and Huang Mufu is precisely in the form of beautiful and handsome, magnificent and magnificent... As far as the specific techniques are concerned, Wu Changshuo's seal method takes the momentum between the extension and the vertical, and Huang Mufu takes the momentum in convergence; Wu Changshuo's seal method refers to the square circle, mainly the circle; Huang Mufu is the square circle and participates, with the square as the mainstay; Wu Changshuo enriches the engraving sense with several modifications; Huang Mufu also enriches the engraving sense with the strange knife technique; Wu Changshuo's temperament is mottled and thick, and Huang Mufu is smooth and thick... Taking the special path that has never been climbed by predecessors and others, it also belongs to the peak of seal engraving art. "Modern people learn seal carving according to their own personality characteristics and aesthetic tastes, but also generally start from these two people, like to write freehand, on the teacher Wu Changshuo, like to work steadily, on the teacher Huang Mufu. These are two important starting points for learning seal engraving.
(New edition of Huang Mufu's printed score)
1. Personal profile
Huang Mufu (1849-1907), whose real name is Shiling, Mufu is his character, also known as Mufu and Mufu, and in his later years, he also signed Yishanren, Tired, and Tired You. In his youth, he was named Snail Seal Residence, and in middle age, he was once known as Yan Qingfen Room.
In the 29th year of Qing Daoguang, Huang Mufu was born in Huangcun, Yi County, Anhui Province; he died in his hometown in the 33rd year of Qing Guangxu, living a total of 59 years. Huang Mufu's father Huang Zhong and Boya Nengwen, author of "ZhuRuiTang Room Collection", and good at seal science, which of course had an important influence on Huang Mufu, directly opened Huang Mufu's interest in seal engraving, when Huang Mufu was 14 years old, the Taiping Army was in turmoil, the homeland was destroyed, Huang Mufu dropped out of school, and soon after, Huang Mufu died, Huang Mufu was forced to leave home and go to Nanchang, while doing things in the photo studio, while ruling the seal to make a living, this is more than ten years.
(Huang Mufu: The Last SkillEd Eater)
Huang Mufu said in his "People of the Last SkillEd Eaters" seal: Ling Shao was disturbed, did not taste learning, was strong and humiliated, his family was poor and depressed, he could not afford to eat and clothe, he had been in the city for more than ten years, he was unemployed, the lake and the sea were drifting to zero, and he used the last trick to make ends meet his mouth..." What is recorded is his experience as a teenager. Of course, such an experience, on the one hand, experienced Huang Mufu's diligence and persistence, on the other hand, it also made him stable in the seal carving circle, and he never separated from the sword and pen for life, his brother Beihuang Zhifu said that Mufu had been addicted to printing since childhood, and began to practice knife and learn to seal at the age of eight or nine, that is to say, Huang Mufu ruled the seal for 50 years in his life.
When he was about 29 years old, Huang Mufu published the "Heart Sutra Seal Notation" in Nanchang, and now looking back, at that time, his calligraphy, chapter method and sword technique were already quite skilled, but due to the limitations of knowledge and life experience, the artistic style had not yet been formed, but the "Heart Sutra Seal Spectrum" had already seen his research on the Ming and Qing Dynasty printing schools and his talent and talent in seal engraving.
At the age of 34, he moved from Nanchang to Guangzhou, Huang Mufu has since expanded his circle of contacts, his insight has greatly increased, and his vision has opened up, during which time he studied far away from Deng Shiru, focusing on Wu Rangzhi, the printing style began from chaos to the relative unity based on Wu Rangzhi, the jinshi characters used in the calligraphy became unified and coordinated in the printing surface, and the knife method changed from the cutting knife of the Zhejiang school to the knife method of Wu Rangzhi's punching with cutting and wearing a cape.
(Thick Wu Rangzhi style: Guojun longevity)
At the age of 37, due to the recommendation of the general Changshan and his son Zhirui and others, Huang Mufu went to Beijing Guozijian, the highest academic institution in the country at that time, to study, which was equivalent to Huang Mufu's university period, during which his cultural cultivation became more and more profound, and his philological literacy and Jinshi learning gradually had a very high level.
At the age of 39, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Liangguang, and Wu Dayi, the governor of Guangdong, set up a Guangya Bookstore in Guangzhou, engaged in the school carving of history, Huang Mufu was invited to go south and serve in the Guangya Bookstore, during this period, he was also guided by Sheng Yu, Wu Dayi, Wang Yirong and other famous masters, absorbing a lot of gold and stone nutrition, and at the same time saw a large number of gold stone characters, Qin and Han seals and other ancient artifacts, the vision was wide open, so that his seal engraving obtained a large number of printing seal materials and printing form of reference, during this period, he got rid of the single Wu Rangzhi model, taking the Qin and Han seals. In the ancient text to find resources, enrich their own style, the knife technique is gradually cool, bright, the pursuit of the beauty of strong and smooth lines, after a large number of exploration, he realized the inadequacy of India and India, in the academic gradually tend to Deng Shiru, Zhao Zhiqian's "outside india to seek printing", this period is his expansion and transformation period.
(54-year-old Huang Mufu)
After the age of 40, he spent 14 years in Guangzhou, 2 years in Wuchang, and 6 years in his hometown of Huangcun, Yixian County, these 20 years or so, was the establishment and maturity of his seal engraving style, during this period, he conducted special research and methods of Zhao Zhiqian, in line with Zhao's artistic stance, not sticking to the mottled appearance of bronze seals and seeking natural and healthy knife intentions, not sticking to the Han seal model, but more extensively than Zhao Zhiqian, seeking seals outside the seal, taking the Jijin characters, thus casting him to take the strengths of all the families and integrate and not follow the old mistakes 3. The unique style of self-innovation is absolutely flat and upright, and it is steep and majestic. Until the first two or three days before his death, he also engraved a seal of "Ancient Locust Neighbor House", and he was indeed a professional sealer who had engraved a lifetime.
2. Contributions to Printing Studies
1. Broaden the scope of "seeking printing outside India" and perfectly integrate the Jijin characters into the seal carving.
Starting from Deng Shiru's calligraphy into the printing, the indians shifted their attention to the seal carving outside the ancient seal, turned to calligraphy, and after Zhao Zhiqian, they expanded their attention to the Warring States Spring Coin, the Qin and Han Tablets, the Quan Zhao, the Jing Ming and other characters, Wu Changshuo was even more extensive and sealed mud, brick tiles, to Huang Mufu, he also extended this scope to the Jijin script, the Zhong Ding wen, the Quan Wei Wen, etc., Huang Shiling's student Li Yinsang once commented: "The study of the Sorrowful Nunnery (Zhao Zhiqian) is in Zhenshi, the study of Yishan (that is, Huang Mufu) is in Jijin; the merits of the Sorrowful Nunnery are below the Qin and Han Dynasties. The merits of Yishan are more than three generations. "If we look at the seals of these two families, we will know that this kind of commentary is relatively accurate, and the reason why it is relatively accurate is because in Huang Mufu's era, more than three generations of jinwen are rare, and the jinwen is not false, but mainly in the Qin and Han Dynasties, not in the Shang Zhou."
(Huang Mufu's Golden Book)
2. Energetic and healthy knife thinking.
Han Tianheng commented on Huang Mufu's knife method: "With the knife, he broke through the previous program of using the knife, carved a white text seal, often on the outside of the line end of the knife, leaving a sharp knife mark, carving Zhu Wenyin occasionally from the inside of the line, leaving a stone shaving similar to a calligraphy pen, resulting in an artistic effect of pen and ink and rich printing surface. "Huang Mufu used a knife, initially learned the Zhejiang school, the cutting knife was skilled, and then learned Wu Rangzhi, plus he made a lot of prints in his life, and it was much faster to complete the printing surface with a punching knife, which also made Huang Mufu's knife method more gradually move towards a smooth punching knife method in a sense. In fact, Huang Mufu's sword technique was forged by casting the Zhejiang school cutting knife, Zhao Zhiqian's main knife, Wu Rangzhi's light line, Han people's vertebrae chiseling, Song people cutting jade and other comprehensive characteristics of the home knife method, that is, the sword method of the jin shuang and jian style, this idea did not fully summarize the tempering and convergence into a theory, but only through the seal of Huang Mufu and his disciples (later called "Yishan School").
3. See ingenious rules and regulations in plain reality.
Huang Mufu's seal engravings, in addition to being influenced by the dense theories of ancient seals, Qin Han Jinwen, Yin Congshu, and Zhao Zhiqian, were also inspired by Yi Bing's Lishu, often hiding in cleverness and seeking pleasure in clumsiness, so his prints were mostly rich in emotion in plainness. Therefore, in his printing, the horizontal and vertical straight lines are the basic framework, and the distribution of the lines is sparse and dense, not completely uniformly equidistant arrangement, and then mixed with the disturbance of short lines and long lines, diagonal lines, arcs, and rich in changes in the thin lines of the fat line, the golden penmanship is integrated into the boxy body of the Miao Seal. It is both dangerous and strange. There are changes in the printing surface, the end is the basic situation, and the changes in Kit Kat are all internalized.
3. Seal engraving works
(The old text must be followed and not chiseled)
(Guangxu Twenty-one Years Of Jinshi)
(Qiu Bi Lu)
(Prof. Kuniko)
(Yu Dan Hand Tuo)
(Blunt total disc)
(Manqing)
(Shi Shi Shi)
in Lotus House
(Golden Stone obtained by Tsuen Sun)
(Chen Xi Huang)
(All things are I have)
(45th grandson of Yuanming)
(Entangled)
(No return)
(Forge)
(Old Sword)
(Shuyuan per question year)
(Ancient Locust Neighbor House)
A little digression: There is an interesting question worth thinking about, Huang Shiling is 5 years younger than Wu Changshuo, they all started from the Zhejiang school, and then they transferred to the Hui sect Deng Shiru, Wu Rangzhi, and Zhao Zhiqian, etc., and basically at the same time saw the ancient seal Han seal in the hands of friends, and the Qin han, and not limited to the Qin and Han, they all went the way of seeking printing outside india and printing from the book, but the two created a completely different artistic style, comparing the two of them' seal carving learning path, should bring us enough inspiration.
([Indian Biography] No. 34, some pictures from the Internet)