In ancient times, men could also take concubines in addition to their wives, which also made the difference between their children and concubines, the so-called concubines were born in the main room, and the so-called concubines were born in the concubines.
Presumably, most of the literati know a lot about these things, but some confusing concepts and the evolution of different air rituals are likely to cause misunderstandings.
Zhu Yunjiao in the film and television drama
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Is this recognition correct? No, but it makes sense. Because history is developing and the etiquette is changing, if Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty and Li Hong, the Emperor of Filial Piety of the Tang Dynasty, and others saw it, it was estimated that Zhu Yunjiao would also be justified.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > is right</h1>
It also makes sense to say that "the child born before the concubine is not born out of the concubine" is because there was indeed an example before the Zhou Dynasty to prove this.
Qi and Zhongyanye, who were born to their mothers, were still concubines, and had been born for their wives. The father of The Father of the Silk and the Mother of the Silk wanted to make the son of the prince, and the Taishi argued according to the law: "The son who has a wife, but not the son of a concubine." 'After that. If this is the case, it is not impossible. - "Lü Shi Chunqiu Current Affairs"
Emperor Yi in the film and television drama (left)
Several of the characters involved in this classic case are well known to everyone, namely the last monarch of the Shang Dynasty, King Huan (Received Virtue), and the first monarch of the Song Dynasty of the Zhou Dynasty.
According to the "Spring and Autumn of the Lü Clan" written by Lü Buwei, the late Warring States Emperor, the mother of the King of Lu gave birth to three children, namely Weizi, Zhongyan and Shoude, and the King of Lu was the youngest. If this is the case, why is it that it was the king who finally ascended the throne?
In fact, at the beginning, King Huan's father, Emperor Yi, and his mother were the eldest son of Emperor Qi, who intended to make Xiande the crown prince, and the other courtiers did not raise objections, but the current emperor Taishi was firmly opposed.
He put forward a somewhat peculiar cognition, that is, "the two princes of Weizi and Zhongyan were born to the current queen before Fuzheng, and at that time the queen was only a concubine, so these two princes were actually born out of the concubine, and only if Hede was born after the queen took the throne, he was the eldest son of the concubine, so he should be made a prince."
The King of The Dragon in film and television dramas
Taishi is an official who records history, he is not a ceremonial official, the ceremonial official has not said anything, but he is strongly opposed, can only guess that before this matter, the Shang Dynasty may have had something similar happened, so he invoked the old things to refute Emperor Yi, or this Taishi reading is stupid, everything must be on the line.
In the ancient etiquette, there was a distinction and definition of concubines, but after the concubines were corrected, there was no specific discussion on whether the children she gave birth to when she was a concubine were also "transferred from concubines to concubines", which also gave this Taishi room to play.
However, whether it is the old case or the excessive on-line line, this record does exist objectively, so it is said that "the children born before the concubines were corrected were not concubines" at least in the late Shang Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > conventional generation</h1>
In April of the seventh year of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty ushered in a happy event, the position of empress that had been vacant for seven months had a new master, and the Empress Dowager Wang of Jiaodong was crowned empress by the emperor Liu Qi, thus the Wang clan also set a record, she was the first successor in history.
Left Li Ji, Lady Of the Middle King, Empress Bo of the Right
In April, Empress Dowager Lijiaodong became empress. Ding Wei (丁巳), the Prince of Lijiaodong, was made crown prince. Famous. - "History of Filial Piety ▪"
Liu Qi's original match was Bo Shi, who was a nephew of his grandmother Empress Bo, and married Liu Qi as a crown princess during Emperor Wen's reign, and Liu Qi naturally became empress after he ascended the throne.
The empress was childless and unloved, and after the death of Empress Bo, Empress Bo also lost her patron. At first, Liu Qizhi made Liu Rong, the eldest son of Li Ji, crown prince, in accordance with the patriarchal principle of "if there is no concubine, then the chief should be established".
There is a point to note here, that is, although the emperor made Liu Rong the crown prince, he did not depose Empress Bo, and the film and television works say that Empress Bo has been abolished at this time and belongs to processing and creation.
The turning point of events came to a woman, who was neither Li Ji nor Lady Wang, but the emperor's sister, Princess GuanTaochang.
Princess Guantao in the film and television drama
The eldest princess had a daughter and wanted to be a concubine with the prince, and Li Ji was jealous, and all the beauties of the Jing Emperor were lucky because the eldest princess saw Guixing, and Li Ji was angry, and Princess Xie was not allowed. - "The Tale of foreign relatives in the Book ▪ of Han"
Princess Liu Yan of Guantao (pronounced "Piao", the first sound) had a daughter, she hoped that her daughter could become the most honorable woman in the world, so she began to plan early, she went to find Li Ji, wanted to marry her daughter to her nephew Liu Rong as a concubine, so that Liu Rong would take the throne in the future and naturally establish Chen as empress.
However, Li Ji was short-sighted, because Princess Guantao repeatedly recommended beauty to the emperor, so that the emperor's favor for her was reduced, so Li Ji refused this matter, what kind of person was Princess Guantao, how could she endure such humiliation.
In the end, Liu Che, who was politically sensitive, discovered that her brother attached great importance to her tenth nephew Liu Che, so she went to find Liu Che's birth mother Wang Shi, and the two hit it off, and Liu Che said that she was very willing to marry her cousin, which also had the story of "Jinwu Zangjiao".
Therefore, Liu Yan began to be active for her son-in-law, he had a deep affection for his brother Liu Qi, Liu Qi respected and trusted his sister, Liu Yan took advantage of this advantage to say bad things about Li Ji in front of her brother many times, and everyone praised Liu Che.
Liu Qi, the Han Jing Emperor in the film and television drama
Liu Qi originally liked Liu Che very much, but he was bitter that the crown prince had been established, and even if the crown prince was abolished, Liu Che was only the tenth son of the emperor, and it would not be his turn, if he abolished Chang Li young, the courtiers would have to twitter again.
However, there are always more ways than difficulties. Liu Qi took a different approach, deposing Empress Bo in September of the sixth year BC, and a few months later deposing Liu Rong as the King of Linjiang, freeing up both the empress and the crown prince.
Subsequently, Liu Qi announced that Wang Shi was made empress, and a dozen days later Liu Che was made crown prince.
Liu Qi's thinking is very clear, first abolish Empress Bo, then abolish Liu Rong, and then register the Wang clan as an empress, since the Wang clan is an empress, Liu Che is naturally the eldest son of the concubine, even if he is lower in the tooth order, he should also establish Liu Che, all the procedures for the emperor to establish a new prince are in line with the etiquette, and the hundred officials naturally have nothing to say.
It can be seen that at least by the han jing emperor, the extreme view of concubines of emperor Yi Liyi had been abandoned, and after the concubines were corrected, their sons also followed the "son as a mother", and his identity changed from concubine to concubine, which also became a new tradition.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="69" > the tang dynasty case is more illustrative</h1>
If Liu Che's example is somewhat different from that of King Huan, that is, Empress Wang did not have other sons after she was in the middle of the throne, unlike The Mother of King Huan, Who had children before Fuzheng and after Fuzheng, and the contrast is slightly weaker, then the example of the Tang Dynasty is more obvious.
Li Zhi and Wu Zetian in the film and television drama
The protagonist of this example is named Li Hong, and his parents are famous in history, they are Li Zhi of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Empress Wu Zetian of a generation.
In the winter of October, the deposed empress Wang clan was made a shuren, and the Zhaoyi Wu clan was made empress, and the world was pardoned. - Old Book ▪ of Tang Gaozong Benji
Li Hong, the fifth son of Li Zhi, was born in Yonghui for three years, and more than two years later, his younger brother Li Xian was born, and in November of the sixth year of Yonghui, Li Zhi deposed Empress Wang and established Wu Zhaoyi as empress.
At this time, the crown prince Li Zhong was the adopted son of Empress Wang, and two months later, Xu Jingzong of the Rebbe Shangshu said that since Empress Wang had been deposed and Empress Wu had been established, it was time to make Li Hong, the eldest son of the empress, the crown prince, so that li Zhi would return to the road, and Li Zhi adopted Xu Jingzong's suggestion to abolish Li Zhong and make Li Hong the crown prince.
Xu Jingzong, as a Rebbe Shangshu, naturally could not be ignorant of etiquette, and if the Tang Dynasty people did not follow the Han system, but instead traced back to the affairs of the Shang Dynasty, then Li Hong and Li Xian were only out of the way. Even if Li Zhong, the crown prince, was deposed, he should still appoint Li Xiao, the second son of the emperor, and it would not be Li Hong's turn to be the fifth.
The eldest grandson in the film and television drama is unscrupulous
One thing that needs to be noted is that although Changsun Wuji and others strongly opposed the establishment of Wu Shi as empress, they did not raise objections to the issue of changing the wu clan to the crown prince, because it was already a fait accompli that Wu Shi was made empress, and they also recognized that Li Hong's transfer from concubine to concubine was in accordance with the etiquette law, otherwise how could they have let go of this opportunity?
In the second year of the First Yuan Dynasty, He honored Emperor Xue. In June of that year, he was made crown prince, pardoned the world, and sought orders to supervise the country. — Biography of the Sons of Emperor Gaozong of the Old Book of Tang ▪
In fact, better than Li Hong's case is Li Xian's case. If it is not said that when Li Zhizhi made Li Hong crown prince, Empress Wu's two sons were born before Fuzhengqian, and Li Xian and Li Dan were not yet born, and could only establish Li Hong, then Li Xian's establishment would be even more obvious.
Li Hong was ill at a young age, and Li Zhi was so grief-stricken that he posthumously honored his son Li Hong as Emperor Xiaojing, and soon after, Li Zhi changed Empress Wu's second son Li Xian to crown prince.
(There are false rumors that Li Hong was assassinated by Wu Zetian, in fact, it is not so, the author has written an article detailing this matter, interested netizens can take a look, the article link at the bottom)
Li Hong in film and television dramas
Empress Wu gave birth to two sons, Li Hong and Li Xian, when she was a concubine, and two sons, Li Zhe (Li Xian) and Li Dan, after the main chamber, if according to the Taishi of the last years of the Shang Dynasty, Li Hong and Li Xian were concubines, and now that Li Hong is dead, it should be Li Zhe.
However, Li Zhi established Li Xian in turn, which is very telling.
Again, after the Han Jing Emperor set a precedent, later emperors also acquiesced to the new tradition opened by the Han Jing Emperor, and they had long disapproved of the Shang Dynasty's extreme view of concubines.
Having said that, the author boldly assumes that if someone refutes this matter with the case of King Huan, it is estimated that they will be besieged by Manchu Dynasty Wenwu, because from the perspective of that time, the Taishi and the demise of the Shang Dynasty cannot be separated, and if someone opposes Liu Che and Li Hong on this old matter, the end is estimated to be not too good.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="72" > Zhu Yuanzhang violating the family law? </h1>
Zhu Yunjiao's experience was similar to that of Liu Che and Li Hong, except that his father was a prince and not yet an emperor. Zhu Yunjiao was originally born to Zhu Biao's concubine Lü Shi, but after the death of Princess Chang, Lü Shi succeeded him as a concubine, and according to the system since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Zhu Yunjiao was transferred from Shu to Concubine, and his identity as a concubine did not need to be questioned.
On the other hand, to say that Zhu Yunzhang was not a concubine is not to say that Zhu Yuanzhang violated his own ancestral precepts and family law, and does not it mean that Zhu Yuanzhang is a person who does not understand the etiquette?
However, another rumor on the Internet that Zhu Yunjiao is not the eldest grandson of the concubine, which the author believes is completely correct.
Yu Huai Wang Xiongying, the eldest son of Emperor Xingzong, and the eldest grandson of Taizu Concubine. Hongwu fifteenth year May Xue. He was eight years old. Additional canonization. - "Biography ▪ of the Sons of Emperor Xingzong of Ming Dynasty"
Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest grandson was Zhu Xiongying, the eldest son of Crown Prince Zhu Biao, and it was precisely because of his early death that it was Zhu Yunjiao's turn.
The third grandson of the Emperor, Yun jiong, paid homage to the Emperor's grandson. - "Records of Ming Taizu"
When Zhu Yunjiao was made a grandson, he said that he was the third grandson of the emperor, that is, Zhu Yunjiao was the third grandson of emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, because the second grandson was Zhu Jixi, the eldest son of Zhu Tang, the king of Jin, and the order of this grandson was to be in the great order.
Zhu Biao in film and television dramas
In addition to the identity of the concubine, Zhu Yunxi is most talked about because he has a younger brother Zhu Yunxi, Zhu Yunxi is born to Princess Chang, some people believe that Zhu Yunxi is the original concubine, Zhu Yunxi is the step-concubine, although they are all concubines, but Zhu Yunxi is more honorable, even if Zhu Yunxi is ranked first, he should also set up Zhu Yunxi.
In fact, there are some conceptual differences. Wenyou Monkey Ge once wrote an essay on this matter, and interested literary friends can take a look.
In short, the ancient original concubines and step-sisters did not have the kind of huge differences imagined by modern people, since the Lü clan was fuzheng, Zhu Yunjiao was the second son of the prince who was justified, and Zhu Yuanzhang's own rules were "there is a concubine, no concubine", and it is understandable to choose Zhu Yunjiao.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="75" > Weiluan said:</h1>
Having said that, in a strict sense, the core issue of today's argument, "The children born before the concubines are not concubines" are not entirely rumors, but are products of a specific historical period.
Zhu Yuanzhang restored the image
There is a line in Zhou Xingchi's movie called "Take the sword of the Ming Dynasty and behead the officials of the Qing Dynasty", saying that Zhu Yunjiao is not a bit of a concubine.
Therefore, when we read history, we must also pay attention to the changes that have taken place in the process of historical evolution, the Shang Dynasty may have stipulated that, but since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, there have been new regulations, and we can't always take the ritual law that has been abandoned in the Han Dynasty to ask Zhu Yuanzhang, right?