Among the various kinds of torture in ancient times, the most tragic except for Ling Chi was the waist beheading.
Waist chop, as the name suggests, the executioner uses a giant axe to cut off the prisoner's waist, because the main organs of the human body are concentrated in the upper body, so for a while and a half will not be able to die, will experience this severe pain in a conscious state.
The most famous person who was beheaded by the waist belonged to Li Si and Fang Xiaoru, who is said to be able to crawl for several meters with elbow support after being beheaded by the waist, making the viewer shudder and creepy.
The punishment of waist beheading was abolished during the Yongzheng period, because Yu Hongtu, who was then the political governor of Henan, was in the position of beheading because the concubine leaked her test questions, and he did not know that the sentence was waist beheading, so he did not order the executioner in advance.
It was too late to wait until the execution ground. The executioner, who had not received the benefit, deliberately lowered the execution position slightly, causing Yu Hongtu not to die soon, he endured severe pain, dipped in the blood under his body and trembled——— and wrote seven tragic words.
Misery, misery, misery, misery, misery, misery, misery.
When the news reached Yongzheng, Yongzheng was horrified that such punishments were so cruel that he ordered the abolition of the waist beheading forever.
Successive rulers have been very cautious in the use of the punishment of waist beheading, killing people and setting fires, hitting families and robbing homes, such "small things" are simply not qualified, only rebellion, rebellion, or coveting imperial power and other acts will allow the emperor to use waist beheading, so as to achieve the effect of making an example.
In addition to the above-mentioned Li Si and Fang Xiaoru, there was also a famous figure in the Western Han Dynasty who was sentenced to be beheaded, and he was chao.
Chao's death, many people feel very wronged. Because he put forward the idea of cutting the domain, and was supported by the Han Jing Emperor. As a result, the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was triggered, and under the leadership of Liu Hao, the King of Wu, under the guise of "the side of the Qing Emperor and the mistake of chao", the seven princely states sent troops to the capital Chang'an.
In order to calm the anger of the princes, the Han Jing Emperor beheaded Chao, but did not calm the anger of the princes, and finally relied on the general Zhou Yafu to lead the army to quell the rebellion.
The killing of Chao Chao became the biggest stain on the life of Emperor Jing of Han.
A clumsy excuse that everyone can see, how the Han Jing Emperor really believed, and also killed the humerus who was bent on seeking the country, this is not what the IQ is worried about. The most important thing is to kill it, but also to use the waist chop, not only fainting but also brutal, worse than his father Emperor Wen of Han and his son Emperor Wu of Han is not a little bit worse.
But is this really the case? Is Chao wronged by being beheaded in the end? Was Emperor Jingdi really dimwitted and incompetent? If we look closely at the truth of history, we will find that this matter is not so simple.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="65" > must die</h1>
Should Chao be wrong or not? At least in his father's opinion, this "bastard son" died a hundred times.
The princes and kings of the Western Han Dynasty were all relatives of the emperor and the state, and to put it bluntly, they were all surnamed "Liu". Can you, an outsider, point out the internal affairs of the imperial family, encourage the emperor to cut the domain, and stir up kinship?
Of course, the above is the view of Chao Gai's old father, seeing that his son did not listen to dissuasion, the old man with a strong temperament simply committed suicide with a cup of poisonous wine, and also saw the Chao family being condemned by the clan in the future.
So, should Chao's mistake be damned? Damn of course! It's just not because of cutting the domain, but to give the Han Jing Emperor a name!
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the world was initially determined, the country was still very weak, in order to better control and manage the country, Liu Bang divided the descendants of Liu surnamed Liu to various places as princes. This policy has had a very good effect, not only helping to manage the localities, but also preventing the serious ministers of the DPRK and China from committing rebellion.
The most typical example is that after Liu Bang's death, the Lü clan usurped power, and the ministers Zhou Bo and Chen Pingren united with the princes outside to send troops to eliminate Zhu Lü and defend the imperial power.
After the Rebellion of Zhu Lü was put down, Zhou Bo and others supported Emperor Wen of Han to ascend the throne. After decades of hard work by Emperor Wen, the Han Empire was unprecedentedly strong and the central government was extremely stable, and the princes at this time had lost their meaning of existence. On the contrary, because each has political, economic and other autonomy in the princely states, it may pose a threat to the central government.
For example, the eldest of the princes, Liu Hao, the king of Wu, the state of Wu," "that is, the mountain casts money, and the boiled sea is salt", which can be described as a rich party and an invincible country. With the existence of such a princely state, how could the Han Jing Emperor sit back and relax? Therefore, it is imperative to cut the domain.
History chose Chao, and it was at this juncture that he proposed to cut the domain. This coincided with the political demands of the Han Jing Emperor, so it was adopted as soon as it was proposed, and soon entered the substantive operation stage.
So Chao's death wasn't due to anachronistic policies, so why?
We know that since ancient times, when troops were sent to fight wars, it was important that a division was famous. Only with a noble and just purpose can soldiers be willing to fight and exert their combat effectiveness.
Even when Japan invaded China, it had to draw a big cake of "building a greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere" so that soldiers thought that this was to save the East Asian people who were in dire straits and achieve common prosperity.
The same is true of the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. The vassal states attacked the capital, which was called the following offense, to put it bluntly, rebellion. The rebellion was to curse the Nine Tribes, the State of Wu was located in Jiangnan, the people's livelihood was rich, how could the people follow King Wu to the army? At this time, a legitimate reason was needed, so Liu Tao, the king of Wu, came up with a saying that "qing jun side, chaotic mistake".
According to Liu Tao, the princes of all walks of life did not have any fault, and it was chao, an outsider, who stirred up discord in the middle, that made emperor Jing of Han want to cut the domain, and it must have been chao who kidnapped Tianzi and forced Tianzi to do so. Therefore, everyone must work together to save the Han Jing Emperor from water and fire, and kill this lawless minister Chao.
This reason is full of loopholes, but it is grandiose, and no one can say anything when put on the surface. And even if the rebellion doesn't work, it's a disclaimer. We're not going to oppose you, we're trying to help you.
Morally, the rebels have put themselves on the high ground and are invincible. Let the Han Jing Emperor have a hard time speaking.
Emperor Jing of Han
How to break this game? Issued an edict in the name of the emperor, telling the world that he was not coerced? Maybe the people of the world think that this edict is wrong.
The most once and for all is to kill Chao and cut off the rebels' claims from the root.
As long as Chao's mistake is dead, the pretense of "Qing Jun's side and Chao Chao's mistake" will not be destroyed, so do you want to ask the rebels whether they should retreat? If the troops are withdrawn, the crisis will naturally be solved, and if the troops are not withdrawn, then the Han Jing Emperor will occupy the moral high ground and the division will be famous. The Seven-Nation Alliance was loudly punched in the face, morale was bound to be depressed, and the military's morale was bound to be unstable.
Does it still need to be considered for sacrificing a chaotic mistake in exchange for a reason to send troops? Therefore, chaoshi must die.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="86" > how much hatred, how much resentment, need to be cut off</h1>
Since it was for the Seven-Nation Alliance, then it was good to kill, so why did the Han Jing Emperor have to be sentenced to such a capital punishment as waist beheading? This really can only be blamed on Chao's mistakes.
Chao Que was a native of Yingchuan, who passed the Taichang Temple examination and embarked on a career path, and successively served as the prince of the house, the prince of the family order and other positions, very much appreciated by the crown prince Liu Qi, the relationship between the two has been very good.
After Liu Qi succeeded to the throne as Emperor Jing of Han, he immediately reused Chao Mistake and promoted him to the rank of Imperial Grand Master, which was already a top member of the imperial court, which showed the importance that Emperor Jingdi of Han attached to him.
The two had old friends, and Chao Mistaken died for the advice of Emperor Jing of Han, so it was reasonable that neither should be beheaded. The most bizarre thing is that after the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was quelled, the merits and deeds were rewarded, and Chao was not rehabilitated.
What is it that makes the mistake completely forgotten?
In the "Records of History", it is recorded that such an intriguing passage is recorded, when the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms just began, Chao mistakenly wrote to emperor Jing of Han and put forward two suggestions: "Millions of soldiers, belonging to the group of subjects, can not be trusted, Your Majesty might as well send troops on his own, so that the wrong residence is guarded." Those who have not yet descended from Wu next to Xu and Wu may give Wu."
Let's first look at the first suggestion: The Million Heroes Division makes the ministers uneasy, Your Majesty, you should personally march and let me guard the Beijing Division.
If it weren't for the history, I would have suspected that this was the mistake of the historian, like what a mature politician said. Let the emperor go out to fight and defend his own home, what if you yourself turn against it?
Take ten thousand steps back and think, with the greatest goodwill to speculate on the wrong thoughts. Maybe he really felt the need for a royal conquest to boost morale, but don't forget that Emperor Jingdi of Han was just a Taiping Tianzi who grew up in the deep palace, not like Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao. The situation on the battlefield is changing rapidly, so that the Son of Heaven is in danger, and he is safe and stable in the rear, can this be regarded as the way of the courtiers?
If the first recommendation is just political immaturity, then the second is fainting.
What does it mean to cede the land of Xu and Wu that wu has not yet fought down to the state of Wu? Is it to show weakness to the enemy and paralyze King Wu? Or Chao mistakenly left a way back for himself, currying favor with King Wu in order to protect himself from future defeat. Even if we want to break our brains, we can't think of a reasonable explanation, and perhaps the only explanation is that Chao Que has been panicked because of the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms, he is just a student, and he lacks the calm and resourcefulness that a mature strategist should have.
For these two nonsensical suggestions that were wrong, the Han Jing Emperor did not hesitate to veto them. At the same time, it also completely aroused Emperor Jing's killing heart.
Faint and incompetent, or another trick, The Han Jing Emperor has been too lazy to consider, originally wanted to kill you, this time even the last decency is not left, directly issued the order to cut off the city.
As for whether it was cruel to do so, it was not within the scope of Han Jingdi's consideration. That's politics.