#古籍里的历史#
In the fourth year of Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty (1799), the Qianlong Emperor died after 4 years as Emperor Taishang, and the departure of this old man who had controlled the Qing Dynasty for 64 years marked that the Jiaqing Emperor Yan finally straightened his waist. And the person who sacrificed the flag for the Jiaqing Emperor was none other than Hejun.
As soon as the Qianlong Emperor died, the Jiaqing Emperor decided to quickly overthrow Helong. In order to allow Hejun to be convicted quickly, Jiaqing entrusted the task of interrogating Hejun to three honest courtiers, Liu Yong, Wang Jie, and Dong Xuan.
The three of them really lived up to the emperor's trust and quickly announced the twenty counts of Hejun. However, at the last moment, everyone disagreed on how to dispose of Hekan.
According to the meaning of the Jiaqing Emperor, Hejun's crime was extremely heinous and should be executed delayed. Liu Yong suggested that although Hejun's crime was unforgivable, after all, he was the favored courtier of the emperor Xian, and in order to save the face of the emperor, it was better to let Helong commit suicide in prison.
Liu Yong's suggestion was eventually adopted by the Jiaqing Emperor. Liu Yong was suppressed by Helong for more than ten years, but in the end, it was he who gave Hejun the last "dignity".
Liu Yong, in folklore, he is like "Bao Gong is alive", and even the script says that he is "Liu Luoguo", this person was an official for 55 years, lived 85 years old, and was a well-known political figure during the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. What kind of person is the real Liu Yong in history? In this article, the author combines historical materials to give you a bottom-up of Liu Yong, a politician who bowed down and rose and fell in the sea.
1. Yu Lie of the fourth Fen, passed down five generations of cultivation
According to the "Qianlong Sixteenth Year Jin Shi Denke Record":
Liu Yong, a citizen of Zhucheng County, Qingzhou Prefecture, Shandong Province, was born on July 16 of the year of Gengzi, and his father was a ruler...
Liu Yong, character Chongru, number Shi'an, a native of Zhucheng, Shandong. His father was Liu Tongxun, a famous chief military minister during the Qianlong period and a scholar of the East Pavilion University.
Liu Yong was born in the 59th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and according to folk parlance, the Liu Yong family was "five generations and five jinshi". In other words, the Liu Yong family has five generations and five Jin Shi. They were: Liu Yong's great-grandfather Liu Bixian was admitted as a junior scholar in the ninth year of Shunzhi, and had served as a member of the Guangxi Division of Hubu; Liu Yong's grandfather Liu Di was a scholar of the Kangxi Dynasty in the twenty-fourth year and served as a political envoy in Sichuan; Liu Yong's father, Liu Tongxun, was a junior in the second year of Yongzheng, an official to the chief military minister, and the head of the Han Dynasty in the middle of the Qianlong period. Liu Yong was the second Jin Shi in the second rank of the second class in the sixteenth year of Qianlong. In addition, Liu Yong's nephew Liu Yongzhi was a mid-Jin Shi in the 54th year of Qianlong, so the "Five Dynasties and Five Jin Shi" came from this.
However, the author needs to explain that the fifth generation of the Liu Yong family actually has "moisture", because Liu Yong and Liu Yongzhi belong to the Enyin Lifting people. In other words, Liu Yong and his nephew Liu Rongzhi were admitted to the Jin Shi because they were famous ministers, and the imperial court specially granted them the status of "raising people" to participate in the examination. In today's terms, people belong to the "escort of life" of special families.
Of the above five generations, Liu Yong is exactly the fourth generation. He was born after a famous family, and at the same time is the son of the prime minister, compared to the children of the Hanmen, Liu Yong can not only receive the best education from an early age, but also inherit all the political resources of the Liu family, such Liu Yong, is tantamount to living with a golden key.
In the second year of Yongzheng, Liu Yong was three years old, and his father Liu Tongxun entered high school. Throughout the Yongzheng Dynasty, Liu Tongxun accumulated a lot of political experience. At the beginning of Qianlong's accession to the throne, in order to balance Zhang Tingyu and other old ministers, the Qianlong Emperor began to cultivate new political forces, Liu Tongxun was a famous and capable minister, and was soon promoted by Qianlong to a cabinet bachelor, and in the following years, Liu Tongxun rose all the way, and by the sixteenth year of Qianlong, Liu Tongxun had been promoted to the Ministry of Criminal Justice Shangshu and concurrently served as a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy.
At this time, Liu Yong was 31 years old, but he had not yet passed the exam, which made Liu Tongxun, who was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, quite embarrassed. In the end, Liu Tongxun showed his old face and asked Qianlong for a place to raise people by grace and give it to Liu Yong.
The road to the imperial examination is so strange, some people are not good at taking the exam, does not mean that he cannot pass the entrance examination.
Facts have proved that as a famous literary scholar of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Yong was still very talented, and he passed the meeting examination and the palace examination as a grace and a person, and actually won the second place in the second rank.
After Qianlong learned that Liu Yong was Liu Tongxun's son, he liked it very much, and not only conferred Liu Yong's title as the Hanlin Academy's Shujishi, but soon after, Liu Yong was appointed as the editor of the Hanlin Academy, and was promoted to the rank of Hanlin Academy's attendant.
With the blessing of family resources and the attention of the Qianlong Emperor, for a while, Liu Yong seemed to be a rising political star, with a promising future, which made colleagues and colleagues envious.
There is a sentence in "Mencius Leaving Lou Zhang": The ze of a gentleman, the fifth and beheaded.
This means that the career and resources that a gentleman of high moral character and ability have worked hard to save will be squandered after the fifth generation. And the five generations of the Liu Yong family can be said to be going forward and succeeding. As the fourth generation, Liu Yong naturally started a little higher than others.
Second, the fake Luo pot, really incorruptible
Some folk texts describe Liu Yong as Luo Guo, that is, a very serious hunchback. This is actually just anecdotal rumors, and it is not believable. There are two reasons: First, in the Qing History Manuscript, there is no record of Liu Yong's hunchback. Second, in feudal society, the imperial court had requirements for the appearance and image of officials, and if they were in poor shape or had disabilities, they could not participate in the imperial examination.
To sum up the above two points, the author believes that Liu Yong cannot be a "Luo pot". The so-called "Liu Luoguo" may refer to his tall stature, often bending over to write, and then in the folk fallacy.
Although Liu Yong is not Luo Guo, he is indeed a Qing official, and this has to start with his career.
Liu Yong's career began relatively smoothly, and the accident soon came. In the twenty years of Qianlong, Liu Yong suffered his first setback on his way. Twenty years after Qianlong, Liu Yong was suddenly removed from office and imprisoned.
The Qing History Manuscript, Legend 89 records:
(Qianlong) Twenty years, Tongxun was offended and imprisoned by the Commander of the Emperor.
Liu Yong was imprisoned for questioning because his father, Liu Tongxun, had an accident that year. According to the "Qing History Manuscript, Liu Tongxun's Biography", in this year, Liu Tongxun was promoted to the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu (and crown prince taifu), just as the leader of the Hui tribe, Mursana, sent troops to invade Ili. At that time, the Qing court was short of troops in Gansu, and Liu Tongxun suggested that he retire to avoid it. Qianlong believed that Liu Tongxun was cowardly and cowardly in disregard of military prestige, so he became angry and blamed Liu Tongxun. As Liu Tongxun's son, Liu Yong was imprisoned in succession.
This was Mr. Liu's first major setback on his journey.
However, afterwards, Qianlong also understood that Liu Tongxun was rare compared to those officials who were silent. Therefore, soon after, Liu Tongxun was restored, and Liu Yong was naturally reinstated.
In the twenty-first year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was appointed as the official examiner of the Guangxi township examination, the first time he left the capital to become a local official. From this moment on, he was determined to be an honest and self-respecting official.
In the Guangxi township examination that year, Liu Yonglei acted resolutely and strictly disciplined, and in the end, no candidate dared to give gifts and favorites, let alone cheat. Four months later, Liu Yong was appointed by Qianlong as the Anhui scholar. After Liu Yong took office, he found that Anhui was very chaotic in the management of students at the bottom, so he wrote many times and proposed many practical management methods, which were affirmed by Qianlong.
In the next ten years, Liu Yong successively served as Jiangsu Xuezheng, Taiyuan Prefectural Government, Jining Daotai, Shaanxi Inspector and other important posts, Liu Yong everywhere he went, he could get the support of the people, because of the four words, Liu Yong "clean for the people".
In the middle and late Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, politics was no longer as good as the Qingming period of the Yongzheng period, official corruption was commonplace, and the people hated it. The author gives examples:
The first example: In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong, Liu Yong served as the prefect of Jiangning, and after his arrival, he solved several major corruption cases and inspired the people. "Qing History Manuscript" cloud:
Quite a Qingsuke bowed, famous in the sea, women and women were all dissatisfied with his friendship, and even compared with Bao Xiaosu.
This means that Liu Yong is fair and incorruptible, and his reputation is far and wide, even women who do not leave home admire Liu Yong's conduct, and everyone compares him to Bao Zheng in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The second example: In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was promoted to the post of governor of Hunan. At that time, Hunan was flooded, officials were corrupt, and thieves were rampant. After Liu Yong took office, on the one hand, he urgently provided disaster relief, flooded floods and stored grain, and on the other hand, cracked down on thieves, while privately strictly investigating corrupt officials. In just one year, Liu Yong investigated and dealt with more than a dozen corrupt officials, and after a year, the local thieves were no longer visible, the treasury was full of silver and the grain depot was full.
The third example: In the 47th year of Qianlong, the governor of Shandong was impeached by Yushi Qianfeng for corruption and private business. Qianlong sent Liu Yong and Helong to Jinan to try the Cathay case. He accepted bribes and deliberately favored Cathay, but Liu Yong was selfless, resisted pressure to insist on justice, and finally let Cathay submit to justice. This case was later interpreted into a popular novel "Liu Gong Case" by folk scripts. In fact, it was after this incident that Hejun gradually began to target Liu Yong.
Be honest and honest, and love the people like a son. Liu Chang, a scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, once used "clear and vigorous, straight and unyielding, and cold in the cold" to evaluate Bao Zheng, and the author believes that this sentence is not contrary to Liu Yong.
Third, the sea of palaces has been up and down, and he has been degraded five times.
Liu Yong's career experience during the Qianlong period can be described as a sea of ups and downs, he was demoted five times, sent to prison, served in the army, and experienced hardships. In the twenty years of Qianlong, Liu Yong was dismissed from prison because of the case of his father Liu Tongxun, and then reinstated.
In the 30th year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was appointed as the Daotai of Jining, and the following year, someone reported to the imperial court that the Kuyin of Quyang County, which Liu Yong governed, had been plundered by the county order. After the Qianlong Emperor sent people to verify, the evidence of Quyang County Ling's crime was conclusive, but because Quyang County was under Liu Yong's jurisdiction, and the embezzlement time was during Liu Yong's tenure, Liu Yong was guilty of negligence. The Qianlong Emperor was furious and sent Liu Yong to charge the army. "Qing History Manuscript, Liu Yong's Biography" cloud:
When he was an official prefect, he neglected his subordinates to encroach on funds and sent troops to serve in Taiwan.
This is the second time Liu Yong has been demoted. The following year, Liu Yong was pardoned by the Qianlong Emperor, and the following year, he served as the prefect of Jiangning, where he learned his lesson and left a reputation for fairness and incorruptibility in Jiangning.
In the 37th year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was transferred to Shaanxi, which had been the territory of his father Liu Tongxun (who had served as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu), so Liu Yong successfully investigated two major cases in Shanxi. However, in November of the following year, his father Liu Tongxun died of illness, and according to the system, Liu Yong resigned and returned to his hometown to observe filial piety for three years. Three years later, he served as vice president of Siku Quanshu. Since then, he has been an official in many places. In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was promoted to inspector Zuo Du Yushi.
At that time, there were four major forces in the imperial court, namely the military generals led by A Gui; corrupt officials headed by Hekan; The opposition headed by Qian Feng, and the Yushi faction headed by Liu Yong.
At first, Liu Yong and Helong did not have a direct conflict, but in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong, after the "Liu Gong case", Helong gathered his henchmen to secretly suppress Liu Yong, so Liu Yong's life was not very good.
The folk say that Liu Yong is Hejun's biggest rival, but in fact, it is somewhat exaggerated, especially after the forty-nine years of Qianlong, when Helong monopolized power, and Liu Yonghe and Helong were not a magnitude figure at all. In addition, Helong was increasingly favored by Qianlong, so at the end of the Qianlong period, Liu Yong's career was resigned.
In the 52nd year of Qianlong, after the impeachment of his henchmen, Liu Yong was demoted from his position as a co-founder for revealing the contents of the emperor's conversations with Ji Huang and Cao Wenhan. This is the third time Liu Yong has been demoted.
The following year, it was again impeached by Jing Hejun's henchmen, and the "bribery of examinees" occurred in the Guozijian supervised by Liu Yong, and Liu Yong was demoted again.
In April of the 54th year of Qianlong, Liu Yong served as the chief master of the upper study, and one day, the prince and the masters did not arrive at the upper study on time. Qianlong believed that Liu Yong, as the chief master, should be responsible for this matter. He demoted Liu Yong to the rank of Attendant of the Ministry of Officials.
This was the fifth time Liu Yong had been demoted, and there is no record of the involvement of Hejun and his henchmen. But it is clear that the Qianlong Emperor is becoming increasingly harsh on Liu Yong. Because in Qianlong's later years, in addition to being demoted to an official, Liu Yong also had many records of being criticized by the emperor.
Looking at Liu Yong's five records of being degraded, the first time can be said to be relatively innocent because of his father's "consecutive sitting". The second time because of the crime of negligence, it cannot be shirked, this time it helped Liu Yong a lot in his later career path, and also pointed him in the direction of "clean and honest". But the last three times were not major faults, and if these mistakes happened to Helong, the Qianlong Emperor might have laughed them off, but Liu Yong was different, he had lost his place in Qianlong's mind, so he had to bear his due "responsibility".
Liu Yong's situation did not improve until the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong. In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong, after Liu Yong had kept a low profile and endured for several years, he was promoted by the Qianlong Emperor to the rank of official Shangshu on the recommendation of Prince Jia (later the Jiaqing Emperor). At that time, the Qianlong Emperor believed that "Liu Yong was too lazy, and only when there was no one to use at the moment, he promoted Liu Yong".
At this time, Liu Yong learned to deal with Hejun and the snake, and Hejun did not target Liu Yong. In the first year of Jiaqing, the Qianlong Emperor abdicated and the Jiaqing Emperor Yan ascended the throne. At this time, Qianlong was the emperor of Taishang, and although he was not in his position, he was still the de facto controller of the Qing Dynasty. When the old and the new were alternating, the ministers were making small calculations, and Liu Yong did not dare to act rashly. Because Liu Yong knew that only when the new emperor took power, Quan Chen and Juan would eventually come to an end.
4. He has been an official for 55 years and has lived to be 85 years old
In May of the second year of Jiaqing, the Yellow River broke in Shandong, and the Jiaqing Emperor, after obtaining the consent of Emperor Taishang, decided to send Liu Yong to Shandong to handle the case and coordinate to check the situation of the Yellow River junction. At this time, Liu Yong, who was 77 years old, came barefoot to the banks of the Yellow River, watched the relentless river ravage crops, and saw the people displaced, and he could not help but cry. Liu Yong returned to the inn and pleaded with the imperial court to quickly bring in grain and rice for disaster relief, and at the same time sent people to build embankments at the breach to divert water from the river downstream. His suggestions were adopted by the Jiaqing Emperor one by one.
In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, the Taishang Emperor Qianlong Emperor died, and the Jiaqing Emperor ordered the funeral of Prime Minister Helong on the one hand, and secretly planned to investigate Helong on the other hand. In the interrogation of Hejun's candidates, Jiaqing thought that Liu Yong and the other three were the most suitable, and in the end, Liu Yong, Wang Jie, and Dong Xuan jointly tried the Helong case, quickly overthrew Hejun and his henchmen, and cleaned up a big corrupt official for the Qing Dynasty.
After the end of the Helong case, the Jiaqing Emperor made Liu Yong the crown prince. At this time, although Liu Yong was nearly 80 years old, his steps were light and his eyes were like torches, and on him, he seemed to see the new atmosphere of the Great Qing Dynasty. The Qing History Manuscript Liu Yong Biography:
Neglecting Chen Cao's government, Ding Ding was careless, stealing rice on the way, causing a boat to sink itself, or a rudder and a rudder, and the boat was stored and not available, please ask all provinces to ask for truth, all as agreed.
In the new dynasty and new atmosphere, Liu Yong continued to plead for the people. He wrote to the Jiaqing Emperor, hoping that the Jiaqing Emperor could change the loopholes in the Caoyun. In the compromise, Liu Yong's concern for the country and the people was overflowing. Emperor Jiaqing was very moved after seeing it and approved Liu Yong's proposal.
In the seventh year of Jiaqing, the emperor went hunting in Rehe with hundreds of officials, and Liu Yong stayed in the capital to preside over the imperial government. He was highly respected and fair, and the officials of the six ministries were very convinced of him. After the Jiaqing Emperor returned to Beijing, he spoke highly of Liu Yong.
However, the sky is not a holiday, after all, Liu Yong is over eighty years old, and there are always times when his mental strength is not good. In December of the ninth year of Jiaqing (1805), after returning home from duty in the South Study Room, Liu Yong suddenly fell ill, and died two days later at his home in Donkey Hutong, Beijing, at the age of 85. According to the Xiaoting Miscellaneous, when Liu Yong died, "the nose was hanging more than an inch", which in Buddhist language means liberation. It can be regarded as the end of life and the completion of merit.
After Liu Yong's death, the Jiaqing Emperor was very sad, saying that the Qing Dynasty lacked a "Bao Zheng". The Jiaqing Emperor sent the prince to pay his condolences, gave the crown prince Taibao, nicknamed "Wen Qing", and put Liu Yong into the shrine of the virtuous and beneficial, giving him a thick burial.
In the author's opinion, Liu Yong was an official at the age of 31, died at the age of 85, served as an official for 55 years, was honest and honest for the people, and was just and honest, and he can be regarded as a generation of famous ministers. However, he was born at an opportune time, and in the middle and late Qianlong period, he was suppressed and restrained by Helong everywhere, and gradually alienated by Qianlong, otherwise, with his determination and ability, he would definitely be able to make greater contributions to the people. Fortunately, the Jiaqing Emperor was not his father, he admired and reused Liu Yong, and Liu Yong bloomed his last light in his later years, and finally died with complete merit.
In addition, in addition to his outstanding achievements in the political field, Liu Yong is also a generation leader in calligraphy, literature, painting, and collecting.
"Yanzi Spring and Autumn" said: Demo is higher than loving the people.
More than 200 years later, the Yellow River still flows eastward, and despite Liu Yong's "feudal" label, the spirit of honesty and love for the people that we see from him is still a subject worthy of continued study by contemporary history readers.