<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > introduction:</h1>
China and Korea are connected by mountains and rivers, lips and teeth are interdependent, and the Chinese nation has aided Korea four times in history.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a decisive battle for new China, and the volunteer army played a role in the prestige of the country!
The Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties were all related to Japan's invasion of Korea, and they resisted Japan three times in history.
When the Tang Dynasty aided the dynasty, it destroyed the three kingdoms of Baekje, Goguryeo and Xueyantuo and reintegrated them.
The friendship between China and the DPRK is made up of blood and life, which has been tested and endured for a long time, and will surely be passed on from generation to generation!
The korean peninsula in history has always been full of turmoil and wars, and China, as its neighboring "heavenly kingdom", has sent troops to assist many times.
In these wars of aid to Korea, everyone is quite familiar with the "War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea," and the revolutionary ancestors used their blood and lives to fight the prestige of the country and the military and write a new chapter in Sino-DPRK friendship!
Propaganda poster for the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
But in fact, in Chinese history, there were three other wars of aid to Korea, which occurred in the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. Let's review the final results of these military interventions on the Korean Peninsula in history.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Prologue: China and North Korea are interdependent</h1>
After World War I, the famous British geopolitician Mackinder once said:
"Whoever rules Northeast Asia will control the Western Pacific; whoever rules Northeast Asia will occupy the highest point of Asia and will control Asia."
China and the Korean Peninsula are linked by mountains and rivers, and their lips and teeth are interdependent, and as China's strategic "commanding height" and buffer area to resist foreign aggression, the DPRK is of great strategic significance to China.
Whether under the ancient Huayi order or the zongfan diplomatic system, or in modern China, China and the DPRK supported and assisted each other in their struggle against foreign aggression and colonial rule and for national liberation.
Map of the geographical relationship between China and North Korea
History has also repeatedly proved that if the DPRK is stable, China will be safe, and if the DPRK is chaotic, China will be at risk. Different historical periods have different interpretations of Sino-Korean relations, and as early as the Tang Dynasty, China participated in the war to aid Korea.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea: The Decisive War of New China</h1>
If we say that the "three major battles" of the War of Liberation were the battle for the founding of New China, then the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea is undoubtedly the war of national determination of New China.
On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out. In order to safeguard its interests in Asia, the United States immediately sent troops to intervene. On the 27th, Truman issued a statement announcing the dispatch of troops and ordering the Navy's 7th Fleet to invade the Taiwan Strait.
On July 8, Truman appointed MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the U.S. Far East Army, as commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army, and gathered combat troops from 16 countries, including Britain, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Greece, Turkey, Colombia, Thailand, the Philippines, South Africa, and Ethiopia, as well as medical teams from five countries, including Italy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and India, to participate in the war against North Korea.
Less than a year after its founding, the enemy hit the doorstep of the country, and the central government reacted quickly. On July 13, the Central Military Commission, in accordance with Chairman Mao's proposal, issued the "Decision on Defending the Northeast Border Defense", and dispatched more than 255,000 people from the 13th Corps and other units to form the Northeast Border Defense Army to prepare to support the North Korean operation.
Korean
Later, the 9th and 19th Corps were ordered to be assembled as second-line troops in the surrounding areas near the jinpu and longhai railway lines.
On September 15, the U.S. 10th Army landed at Inchon on the west coast of the southern Korean Peninsula; on October 1, the U.S. Army crossed the 38° north latitude line; and on the 19th, it occupied Pyongyang in an attempt to quickly occupy all of Korea. On October 8, the North Korean government requested Chinese troop assistance.
At the request of the DPRK Government, China made the policy decision of "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea and defending the homeland and defending the country" and quickly formed the Chinese People's Volunteer Army to join the korean war.
On October 19, 1950, the Chinese Volunteer Army, led by Commander and Political Commissar Peng Dehuai, crossed the Yalu River and marched to the Korean Battlefield. On the 25th, the prelude to the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was unveiled.
On July 27, 1953, the two sides signed the Korean Armistice Agreement. At this point, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which lasted for 2 years and 9 months, came to an end.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea brought about the new China's national prestige and military might, consolidated the new state power, accelerated the modernization of the armed forces, raised China's international prestige as never before, greatly enhanced the national self-confidence and pride of the Chinese people, and won a relatively stable peaceful environment for domestic economic construction and social reform.
Map of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
"Gone are the centuries of imperialist conquest of a country with a few cannons on the coastline of the East." --Peng Dehuai
Through the victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, New China was humiliated for a hundred years and stood up completely!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2. Fight against Japan: Tang Ming and Qing fought three times</h1>
In the early Tang Dynasty, Liu Ren railed against the Wu Dynasty and aided the DYNASTY
1. The "Three Kingdoms Era" on the Korean Peninsula
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the Korean Peninsula was divided into three countries: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, with Goguryeo roughly occupying the present-day Korea and Liaodong Peninsula, while Baekje and Silla occupying the current Korea. It's like a scaled-down version of our Three Kingdoms era.
Among the three kingdoms, the strongest is Goguryeo, the weakest is Baekje, the three countries all want to achieve the reunification of the peninsula, but none of them alone destroy each other's strength, so they have made foreign aid, hoping to achieve national reunification with the help of foreign forces and safeguard their own interests.
Goguryeo and Baekje were close to the Uighurs (Japan at the time), while Silla was friendly with the Tang Dynasty. Over time, a confrontational situation was formed in which Goguryeo, Baekje, and Uighurs were on one side, and Silla and Tang Dynasties were on the other.
2. "Encircle Wei to save Zhao", send troops to Baekje
In 655, Goguryeo united with The North of Baeknam to attack Silla, the king of Silla asked the Tang Dynasty for help, and Emperor Gojong of Tang mediated as a suzerainty, but Goguryeo and Baekje ignored the mediation of the suzerainty with the support of the Uighurs.
In order to show the power of the Tang Dynasty and protect the vassal states, in 660 AD, Emperor Gaozong of Tang sent su Dingfang, the general of ZuoWuwei, as the commander-in-chief of the Shenqiu Dao March, sending 130,000 troops, divided into land and water from Chengshan, Shandong, and the soldiers pointed directly at Baekje.
Schematic diagram of the battle between data and Baekje
In just 10 days, the Tang army attacked the Baekje capital of Silan in one fell swoop, and the Baekje king Buyeo Yici led the prince and the city lords to surrender. Subsequently, Datang established five governorates in Baekje, including Xiongjin.
3. The strength confrontation of "backing"
Soon after the pacification of Baekje, baekje's former general Fukshin rebelled and used Zhouliu Castle as a stronghold to resist. Faced with such a complicated situation, Emperor Gaozong of Tang used Liu Renluo to lead an army to conquest.
The Baekje rebels faced repeated suppression by the Tang army and had to turn to the Uighurs for help. In 663, Emperor Tenji of the Uighur Kingdom, in the name of aiding Baekje, poured more than 27,000 elite people of the state into attacking Silla, and after capturing several castles, he directly attacked the old city of Baekje.
At the same time, the Tang Dynasty sent the general Sun Renshi to lead 7,000 elite troops to cross the sea to help, and with Liu Ren's track division, the Tang army divided into land and water routes, from the Xiongjin River into Baijiang Village.
4. In the Battle of Baijiangkou, the Japanese army was defeated
According to historical records, there were more than 800 warships and more than 50,000 sailors participating in the battle, and the King of Baekje led elite troops to meet at Zhouliu City, and more than 170 warships and more than 10,000 Tang warships.
In the face of the Uighur army, which was several times larger than himself, Liu Renluo took the retreat as an advance, introduced all the Uighur ships into the narrow sea mouth, learned from the experience of burning Chibi, and burned more than 400 Japanese warships by means of fire attack, destroying the Japanese Navy that came to help in one fell swoop.
The two sides experienced four major battles, the Tang army won four consecutive battles, the Wukou army was almost completely destroyed, the enemy lord fled in a hurry, and the king of Baekje fled to Goguryeo when he saw that the general situation had gone.
"Ren Rail encountered the Wu soldiers at the mouth of the Baijiang River, won four battles, and burned four hundred of his boats. Smoke rose in the sky, the sea was red, and the thieves collapsed. ——" The Biography of Liu Ren in the Old Book of Tang
Baijiangkou defeated the Uighur army
The Battle of Baijiangkou not only brought out the mighty military might of the Tang Dynasty, but also the status of the Tang Dynasty in East Asia and the world, and Japan was wiped out for nearly a century.
During the Ming Dynasty, there were two anti-Japanese and aid-korea wars
During the Ming Dynasty, the then general Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Guan Bai (丞相) unified Japan by force, ending the feudal state of division and restoring and developing the feudal economy. This also made the Ambition of the Toyotomi Hideyoshi Group to expand outwards even more inflated.
The subjects used the korean soldiers to enter the Ming Dynasty... The unity of the three kingdoms into one is the wish of the subjects. --Toyotomi Hideyoshi, "Records of the Korean Conquest"
From 1591 to 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi twice launched wars of aggression against Korea. He attempted to use Korea as a springboard to conquer Daming.
The Ming Dynasty is famous for its history of slacking off the government, but in the face of the War of Resistance against the Emperor and aiding the Dynasty, the monarchs and subjects were united in their hearts and unanimously agreed:
"The intention of the Wokou to Korea is really China, and the salvation of Korea by our soldiers is really to protect China."
Daming twice sent troops to resist the Wukou and aid korea, and twice won a complete victory over the Wukou, especially the second LuliangHai Victory, almost completely annihilating the Wukou Navy, so that the Wukou still did not dare to face the Chinese sea frontier after the defeat of the Ming Dynasty.
The first time to resist the War and aid Korea
In the twentieth year of the Wanli Calendar (1592), Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent an army of 150,000 to attack Korea. In just two months, all three north korean capitals (capital, Kaesong, and Pyongyang) fell, occupying most of the country's territory.
Schematic diagram of daming's first resistance to the Japanese and aid korea
King Lee of Joseon fled and sent emissaries across the Yalu River to the Daming government for help.
1. The situation is unknown and it was tragically destroyed
Daming received a distress signal, that is, he sent the general Zu Chengxun to lead 5,000 Ming troops into the DPRK to rescue.
The 2000th Vanguard Army was not familiar with the Korean terrain, coupled with the continuous rain, and the Japanese army was in a disadvantageous position just after the battle, and all were killed. The 3,000 cavalry that followed were also buried in the yalu River due to the rise in the water level of the Yalu River, which can be described as self-defeat without a fight.
2. Elite attack to retake Pyongyang
When the Wanli Emperor heard the bad news, he was extremely shocked. In December, he ordered the general Li Rusong to be the governor of the Eastern Expedition, commanding the armies of Ji, Liao, Hebei, Sichuan, and Zhejiang, totaling 40,000 people, to cross Korea to resist the invading Japanese army.
The Daming Expeditionary Force used its tactics properly and the soldiers to use their lives, and after the Battle of Pyongyang, the Encounter of Bihokukan and the burning of the Yongsan Granary, it recaptured Pyongyang, Seoul and other places.
"If a pine horse is killed by a cannon, yi ma chi, fall into a trench, jump up, and the soldiers advance." The soldiers are all a hundred, so they are conquered. --History of the Ming Dynasty
The Japanese army was in an unprecedented predicament. Only to reach an armistice agreement with Daming and return to Japan.
The Second War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and Aid Korea
1. Ambition does not die, make a comeback
In the first month of the 25th year of the Wanli Calendar (1597), Toyotomi Hideyoshi once again mobilized 140,000 troops to invade Korea, and the Wanli Emperor sent troops to aid Korea for the second time at the request of Korea.
Schematic diagram of the Second Resistance against the Ming Dynasty and Aid Korea
In March, Daming appointed Xing Jie as the Shangshu of the Army, and led an army of 70,000 across the Yalu River to rescue the North Koreans again.
After Xing Jie entered Korea, he successively achieved great victories in Jisan, Qingshan, and Ulsan.
2. The Battle of Luliang, the total annihilation of the Japanese army
In the summer of 1598, the Ming Dynasty's naval forces worked closely with the sailors of the famous Korean general Li Shunchen to form a combined fleet, compressing the enemy in the three areas of Ulsan, Surabaya, and Suncheon, leaving it in a dilemma.
In November, the Japanese mobilized 500 warships in an attempt to cover the escape. The Combined Chinese and North Korean Naval Divisions also formed a fleet of 800 warships to launch a powerful attack on the Japanese army, preparing to gather and annihilate this group of Japanese troops in the sea around Luliang.
The Chinese and Dprk warships broke into the enemy position, "all the guns were fired," the enemy ships caught fire, and the smoke and flames spread out. Chinese and North Korean fighters jumped on enemy ships and fought hard, and the enemies fell into the sea. At the Battle of Luliang, he won a great victory and sank nearly a hundred Japanese ships.
"The moon hangs on the western mountain, the mountain shadow falls on the sea, and the half is slightly bright." I ship countless, coming from the shadows. Approaching the thief's ship, the forward set off its artillery, and the shout went straight to the thief, and all the ships responded. The thief knew that I was coming, and for a moment the birds and muskets (muskets) were fired in unison, and the sound shook the sea, and the flying pills fell into the water like rain. ——The Record of Yoo Sung-yong of the Lee Dynasty of The Joseon Dynasty
The remnants of the Japanese army could not resist and fled ashore one after another, and the Ming army pursued and fought fiercely all the way, annihilating all the Japanese troops.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Shikai resisted Japan and aided Korea
After the Meiji Restoration, Japan's economy continued to improve, and Japan, whose national strength was slightly improved, once again set its covetous eyes on the Korean Peninsula.
Map of the situation of the Sino-Japanese War
1. Deliberately planned for a long time, to detonate the war
In 1894, the Donggaku Party revolt broke out in Korea. The King of Joseon invited the suzerainty of the Qing Dynasty to send troops to suppress it, and the Qing government sent Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng to lead 2500 Qing troops into korea. However, the Japanese army also used the excuse of protecting embassies and expatriates to come uninvited, increasing the number of troops by tens of thousands, and the situation on the peninsula was suddenly tense.
On July 23, 1894, the Japanese army attacked and occupied the Korean royal palace in Seoul, supported the pro-Japanese government, and expelled the Qing army stationed in Korea.
Two days later, the Japanese warships fought without declaring war, and sneaked into the Qing army troop carriers in the sea off toshima Island in North Korea, and the war officially broke out.
2. Resist hard, Pyongyang is lost
Subsequently, the Japanese gradually advanced to Pyongyang, on September 15, began to attack the Qing army, after a full day of fierce fighting, the Qing army in the bridge to repel the Japanese army, the Japanese army attacked the strategic north of Pyongyang Xuanwumen and Peony Terrace, the Japanese army at a small cost to seize Pyongyang.
The Japanese controlled all of Korea through the victory over the Qing army, fully grasped the initiative of the war, and burned the war to the Yalu River to further invade China.
The Sino-Japanese War ended in the defeat of the Qing Empire. Since then, it has been in a slump, and the subsequent land battles have been almost consecutively defeated. Seventeen years later it was declared extinct.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3. Tang Dynasty Crusade: The Tang army destroyed the Three Kingdoms</h1>
The historical Tang Dynasty also faced the situation of armed provocation by multinational coalition forces on the Korean Peninsula, and the war penetrated deep into northeast China.
The Tang Dynasty established its country by force, and in the face of provocation, it was punished by force, and the result of the war was of course a great victory!
1. Emperor Taizong personally conquered Goguryeo and swept away Xue Yantuo
In the seventeenth year of Jeongkan (643 AD), Goguryeo instigated Baekje to attack Silla. While ignoring the mediation of the suzerainty, he contacted Xue Yantuo in an attempt to attack the Tang Dynasty.
Emperor Taizong of Tang was furious and personally led an army of more than 100,000 men in the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, advancing by land and water to conquer Goguryeo. Soon, the Tang army captured a series of important towns in Goguryeo, such as Gaimu City, Liaodong City, and Shabei City.
After that, the Tang army raided Goguryeo several times. It makes it difficult to be at peace and comfortable to develop production.
Geographical location of Xueyantuo
The Tang also took military action against Goguryeo's accomplice, Xue Yantuo. In the twentieth year of Zhenguan, Tang Taizong sent a large army to sweep xue yantuo and chase the remnants of xue yantuo to the western region. After the blows of the Tang army, Xue Yantuo completely collapsed, and the Tang set up prefectures and counties in its old land for governance.
2. Gojong destroyed Baekje in World War II
After the Tang army continued to attack, Goguryeo's strength continued to weaken. However, the so-called "skinny camel is bigger than a horse", and the Tang army decided to first cut off the wing of Goguryeo - Baekje, and then the army of Baekje, united with Silla, and attacked Goguryeo through the north and south, completely destroying it.
"If you want to devour Goryeo, first curse Baekje, leave the soldiers to guard the town, and control its henchmen." Although demons are full of evil, and the preparation is very strict, it is advisable to sharpen the horses and strike them unintentionally. If he is not prepared, why can he not conquer? - Old Book of Tang, Chronicles 34
In 660, the Tang Dynasty sent the left guard general Su Dingfang, leading 100,000 troops, to cross the sea from Chengshan to attack Baekje, and the second son of Baekje Yici King Yifulong opened the city gate and surrendered.
In 661, the remnants of Baekje, supported by Japan, rebelled and made a comeback.
The Tang Dynasty sent troops for the second time, united with Silla, and with the cooperation of Liu Renlu's troops who had originally been stationed in Baekje, jointly attacked Baekje again. In the Battle of Baekjeguchi, the Baekje kingdom was completely destroyed.
3. The Tang army destroys Goguryeo
According to the established strategy, the Tang army continued to attack Goguryeo, causing Goguryeo to lose ground and lose ground and lose its strength.
In 668, the Tang army launched a general attack on Goguryeo. The famous general Xue Rengui took the lead and led his army to attack. Goguryeo Mo Zhili (the supreme commander) sent 50,000 people to the rescue, but was defeated by the Tang general Xu Shiji on the way.
Xue Rengui's Eastern Crusade
The Tang army took advantage of the victory to pursue and besieged Pyongyang. More than a month later, the Goguryeo general Xincheng opened the door and surrendered, and Goguryeo perished.
4. Strike the white-eyed wolf Silla
After the fall of Goguryeo, contradictions began between the Tang Dynasty and Silla. On the one hand, Silla coveted the lands of Goguryeo and Baekje, and while the main forces of the Tang Dynasty were moving westward to deal with Tibet, they encroached on baekje land and crowded out the Tang garrison in Baekje, and the war between the Tang and Silla was about to break out.
In 670, Silla sent the former Goguryeo generals Gao Yanwu and Xue Wuru to lead an army of 20,000 people across the Yalu River, threatening the northeastern border of the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang-Luo War broke out.
In 675, the Tang Dynasty sent Liu Renji as the grand governor of Jilin Province, leading an army to conquer Silla, and the Silla army was gradually defeated.
The king of Silla, Famin, feared that the Tang army would drive straight into Silla and destroy Silla, so he urgently sent people to the Tang to apologize.
"For five years, Na goryeo rebelled against the people and slightly guarded baekje. Emperor Fury ,...... Liu Renluo was made the grand commander of Jilin Dao, and Li Bi, the wei weiqing, and Li Jinxing, the right leading general, sent troops to poorly negotiate. In February of the second year of the first century, Ren Rail broke through his crowd at the SevenFold City and captured a large number of people with his troops floating in the south. Zhao Li Jin acted as the ambassador of Andong Zhenfu, Tunmai Xiaocheng, three wars, and yu jiebei. Fa Min sent envoys into the court to apologize for his sins, pay tribute to each other, ask Ren to return, resign the king, and restore the official title of Fa Min. - Old Book of Tang
Photographed by the military prestige of datang, Silla has always lived in harmony with datang for more than 200 years. The smoke of war that pervaded the Korean Peninsula finally fell silent.
Tang conquest of Goguryeo and the Battle of Baekje
The tang dynasty's war against the Three Kingdoms involved almost all the countries and tribes in Northeast Asia at that time. The Tang dynasty army was powerful and effective, and successively defeated the allied forces of Goguryeo, Jingju, Baekje, and Uighurs, destroyed Xueyantuo, Baekje, and Goguryeo, and effectively maintained the stability of the peninsula.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > conclusion: Blood-coagulated Friendship between China and North Korea</h1>
In the history of China and the DPRK, which are connected by water and mountains and rivers, the hearts of the Chinese and DPRK peoples have been closely linked together in the history of jointly resisting foreign aggression.
The long-standing friendship between China and the DPRK
Since entering the modern era, the friendship between China and the DPRK has become more firm in the struggle against imperialist independence and the construction of socialism, the friendship between the two countries has been tested for a long time and has lasted for a long time, and the great achievements of the ancestors will last forever and be passed on from generation to generation!
References: Relevant pictures and text materials are from the public network, and the infringement contact is deleted.