The hit of the "Chosin Lake" movie has attracted everyone's attention to the history of confrontation with the United States and Aid to North Korea, and a large number of articles in this regard have appeared on the Internet, and I have come to join in the fun.
Historically, China has had four wars of aid to Korea, the first of which occurred during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang; the second during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the third during the Sino-Japanese War of the Qing Dynasty; and the fourth was the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The most well-known thing is the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the most unfamiliar is the first time, because that war has been too long since we have been, more than 1,300 years ago, and in fact, this war also took place in a great era, the same magnificent waves, and the same swings. This war was the first war between China and Japan, ending with China's victory, and this war also profoundly affected the border between China and North Korea and the future relationship between China and North Korea.
First, let's look at a map of the Tang Dynasty from 650 AD, when the Korean Peninsula consisted of three kingdoms, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Since the founding of the country, these three countries have fought each other back and forth, the strongest is Goguryeo, Goguryeo has always wanted to destroy the other two countries, so a Korean Peninsula version of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was staged. By the Tang Dynasty, Goguryeo and Baekje formed an alliance, and Silla was under pressure.
Here is a digression, Silla was practicing an aristocratic system at that time, by the three major families Park, Xi, kim took turns to govern, it should be said that these people are most likely the ancestors of today's Koreans; Baekje is the descendants of buyeo people to establish the country, my understanding is that the upper class is buyeo people, the people may also be the ancestors of today's Koreans; Goguryeo was also founded by the Buyeo people, the main name is the Hun and Buyeo, strictly speaking, there is no direct relationship with today's Koreans, and the Koreans are still having problems with the history of Goguryeo, especially the land of Goguryeo. After the conquest of Goguryeo, the history books record: "The people of Goguryeo were mostly traitors, and thirty-eight thousand two hundred goryeo households migrated to the south of the river and Huai, and the empty land of the southern and western prefectures of Shannan and Jingxi, leaving their poor and weak to guard Andong." In fact, during the war, Tang continued to move the people of Goguryeo to Tang territory.
We move on. The Tang Dynasty had always wanted to destroy Goguryeo since Li Shiming, so it came together with Goguryeo's rival Silla.
Tang's attempt to destroy Goguryeo was not an isolated incident, but one of Tang's many conquests, not even the most important one. Li Shiming set himself up as a monarch like Emperor Wu of Han, forged ahead in the territory, strong and pioneering, during the Li Shiming and Li zhi period, Tang wars in many directions continued for many years, the main battles were:
In 630, Li Jing destroyed the Eastern Turks.
In 635, Li Jing destroyed Tuguhun.
In 638, the Tubo was broken.
In 640, Hou Junji destroyed Gaochang.
In 641, he sent an envoy to Goguryeo to go down.
In 645, the Great Expedition to Goguryeo.
In 646, Xue Yantuo was destroyed.
In 647, he conquered Goguryeo. In 648, he conquered Goguryeo.
In 648, he destroyed the kingdom of Guizi and was a vassal of Khotan.
655, march on Goguryeo.
In 658, Su Dingfang destroyed the Western Turks. Conquest of Goguryeo.
In 660, Su Dingfang destroyed Baekje.
In 661, he marched on Goguryeo and besieged Pyongyang.
In 663, Liu Defeated the combined forces of Baekje and Wo.
In 666, he conquered Goguryeo. 668, destroyed Goguryeo and set up the Andong Capital Protectorate.
In 670, Xue Rengui fought with Tubo and was defeated.
In 679, Pei Xingjian broke the combined forces of Tubo and Western Turks and built a city and broken leaves (Li Bai was born here in 701).
From the wars listed above, we can see that the war against Goguryeo was part of the Tang Dynasty's armed conquest, and the combined forces of the Tang and Silla against Baekje and Japan were part of the Tang war against Goguryeo.
However, the war against Goguryeo was different, and Tang's war against Goguryeo was the most patient and persistent after Tang's war against the Turks. The destruction of the Turks is understandable, because the Turks, as a super steppe empire above the tang dynasty, threatened the security of the Tang at all times, and the Turks were the strategic enemies of the Tang, just as the Xiongnu were the strategic enemies of the Han, and they must be defeated with the strength of the whole country. However, Goguryeo was not a strategic enemy of the Tang Dynasty and would not pose a threat to the fundamental security of the Tang Dynasty, and with the rise of Tubo in the west, the monarchs and ministers of tubo in the early period were all good at conquest and gradually became the strategic opponents of the Tang Dynasty, at that time, the Tang Dynasty should concentrate strategic resources on Tubo in the west rather than Goguryeo in the northeast. At that time, the imperial court also had such a discussion, Li Shiming said: "In the land of Liaodong and China, the Sui clan could not get it when they went out of the four divisions; the Eastern Expedition now wanted to avenge the children of China." "The enmity between Li Shiming's sons mainly refers to the fall of the Sui million army in 612, which is the year, Li Shiming is 14 years old. In 645, When Li Shiming personally led a large army to conquer Goguryeo and retake the Liaodong Peninsula, Li Shiming collected the bones of the sui warriors of the Liaodong And Sui Dynasties, wrote an essay on it, and wept bitterly.
In 660 AD, Baekje continued to invade Tang's ally Silla, Silla asked Tang for help, Emperor Gojong ordered Su Dingfang to command a 100,000-strong army to attack Baekje, and Baekje King Yici rejected Tang, defeated, and then surrendered. Prince Feng of Baekje asked Japan to restore his country, and at that time Japan was a female emperor, known as the Emperor of the Imperial Pole, who died before he could fight.
Here, I would like to mention an old man, Liu Renluo, who was originally a civilian official, in 661 AD was 60 years old, the emperor ordered him to fight against Baekje at this time, Liu Renluo was overjoyed, and said a word: "The heavens will be rich and noble." "A scholar, finally waiting for this opportunity, overjoyed. This is the ethos of that era: it is better to be a centurion than a bookworm. Later, Liu Renji was also known for his meritorious service in Korea.
Together with Silla soldiers, Liu Renji defeated Baekje and killed more than 10,000 people who drowned.
The Gojong sect sent an army of 350,000 to conquer Goguryeo, defeated Goguryeo, and besieged Pyongyang.
In 662 AD, Baekje Wang Feng simultaneously asked Goguryeo and Japan for help, and the next year, Liu Renlu and the Japanese troops met at the mouth of the Baekje River, won four battles, burned Japanese ships for 400 searches, and the historical records are: smoke scorching the sky, the sea is red.
In 666, the king of Goguryeo died, the three sons were infighting, and Tang took the opportunity to cut down Goguryeo. In 668, Goguryeo was destroyed, and the Andong Capital Protectorate was set up in Pyongyang, with 20,000 people sitting in the seat of Xue Rengui.
At this point, the conquest of Goguryeo, which began with the Sui Dynasty, was finally victorious, and in the process, it won a victory over Japan.
The greatest victor of this war was Silla, whose two greatest enemies, Goguryeo and Baekje, ceased to exist, and its fortunes continued until 935 AD. After the victory, Silla and the Tang Dynasty demarcated the border with the Taedong River (which flows through Pyongyang). After that, the ordinary people in the south of the Korean Peninsula continued to infiltrate north in order to get more living space, and at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Li Chenggui took advantage of the chaos to march north and then submitted to the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang assigned the area north of the Datong River and south of the Yalu River to Korea. At this point, the Sino-DPRK border has basically taken shape.