Guard the green mountains of water and water at the top of the Mourning Prison

Source: People's Daily - Yunnan Channel Original draft

Since ancient times, the ancestors of the Yi people have multiplied and lived in the deep mountains of Ailao for generations, and have sought survival and development among the beautiful mountains and clear waters. There is a proverb of the Yi people called "relying on the mountains to eat the mountains, planting trees to get the forest", it is this ancient adage that the Yi people have adhered to for a thousand years, written a "green legend" in Ailao Mountain, and guarded the green waters and green mountains.

The Yi people of Ailao Mountain make a living from mountains, and there are two main incomes, one is the income under the forest, and the other is the income from tobacco cultivation.

After the autumn, all kinds of wild mushrooms in Nanhua County, Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, are listed in large quantities, whether it is the county seat or the mountain forest in the mountainous townships, more or less can pick freshly unearthed wild mushrooms, a good ecological environment, not only laid a good development conditions for tobacco production, but also created a lot of income for the Yi people here.

According to public data, there are more than 290 known species of wild edible mushrooms in Nanhua County, and wild edible mushroom species account for 31.2% of the country, 43.3% of Yunnan Province, and 96.7% of Chuxiong Prefecture, and the annual reserves of wild edible mushroom resources are more than 10,000 tons.

In recent years, the Chuxiong Prefecture Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) has taken a series of biological control measures to help the people find Jinshan Yinshan while guarding the green water and green mountains in the tobacco area.

According to reports, the traditional tobacco pest control mainly relies on spraying agents, while killing pests, but also killing some beneficial insects and natural enemies of pests, over time, it will also cause damage to the surrounding ecosystem.

In order to effectively protect the ecological environment, the Chuxiong Prefecture Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (company) has made every effort to promote green prevention and control technology, actively exerted the advantages of "insects to treat insects" biological prevention and control technology, and carried out targeted special prevention and control of tobacco field pests with different types of natural enemies of insects.

In the tobacco field of Wang Deyu's family, a tobacco farmer in Longchuan Town, Nanhua County, the tobacco seedlings that have entered the large cluster stage are full of vitality and grow happily. In the tobacco field, technicians in the tobacco department are releasing fork-horned bugs and teaching tobacco farmers how to place containers.

"We use natural enemy insects to control pests, innovate a new way of 'network collaborative regulation' of a variety of natural enemy insects to control a variety of pests, explore and establish a relatively stable and self-sustaining tobacco field ecosystem, and sustainablely reduce the level of pest populations, reduce the use of chemical pesticides in the demonstration area, increase the diversity of natural enemy biomes in the smoke area, and effectively reduce the risk of excessive pesticide residues in tobacco leaves and the pollution of pesticides to the tobacco field environment." Fang Liang, deputy director of the technical center of the Chuxiong Prefecture Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (company), said.

The Chuxiong Prefecture Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) has built a large-scale breeding base for forked horn bugs in Nanhua County, actively introducing, breeding and promoting natural enemy insects, so that more and more "natural enemy creatures" can join the "insect special team" and open the road of "insect treatment" green prevention and control. At present, a large-scale production line with an annual output of 1 million fork horns has been established, which has been put into use since 2019 and has released more than 60,000 mu.

"At the beginning, we were also suspicious of pests that could not be beaten with medicine, and how many zombie aphid seedlings could be prevented? But it is these zombie aphid seedlings, not to mention the tobacco field in recent years, even the aphids in our vegetable field have obviously decreased. Wang Deyu said that the zombie aphid seedling refers to the aphid cocoon bee control technology that has been promoted by the tobacco department for many years.

In order to let tobacco farmers understand, learn and use, the technical personnel of the tobacco department have also opened a "field classroom" to carry out green prevention and control propaganda in the field and do a good job of "doing practical things for the masses".

The picture shows technicians guiding tobacco farmers in the field to release fork-horned bugs. Photo by Zhang Jingmei

"There have been fewer agricultural pests in recent years, thanks to the green control technologies promoted by the tobacco sector." Wang Deyu said.

Nanhua County has a long history of tobacco cultivation, and the ecology has been well protected. "Wild mushrooms are extremely picky about the environment in which they grow, and once the growth environment is destroyed, the likelihood of regeneration is very small." Zi Zhengquan, an engineer who has been engaged in wild mushroom conservation research for many years in the Nanhua County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, said.

Luo Xingbao, who lives in Mihemen Village, Wujie Town, Nanhua County, goes up the mountain every year to pick wild mushrooms, he said: "In the past 20 years, the ecological protection in the village has been good, the fungus nest of matsutake mushrooms has generally shown an upward trend, and the yield will certainly be guaranteed." ”

Over the years, the Chuxiong Prefecture Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) has integrated the concept of green development into all aspects of tobacco production, and accelerated the extension to large-scale agriculture, the ecological advantages are highlighted, and the green rise is more sufficient.

"Through three years of investigation, the two demonstration areas in Nanhua County and Chuxiong City reduced the use of chemical pesticides by 36.6% and reduced the cost of control by 468.6 yuan /h㎡; the integrated control effect of Lepidoptera pests in the demonstration area reached 75.32%, an increase of 12.42% over traditional control, and controlled the pest and disease hazards at a low level, and the pest loss rate was less than 0.02%." Fang Liang, deputy director of the technical center of the Chuxiong Prefecture Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (company), said.

Today, looking down at the smoke field, blue plates and traps stand in the field like insect-proof "warriors". In the distance, behind the biomass fuel baking houses that have been improved to protect the ecology is a green mountain surrounded by morning fog. (Zhang Jingmei, Chen Gang)