01
The sound of the beard is extinguished, and the sound of the horse's hooves rests.
Broken wall ruins, whose palace is it? Whose prosperity has been drowned out by the yellow sand of the vine grass?
The ancient back drifts with the wind, and the lost memory is difficult to be awakened.
However, the ruins of a royal city stand in the wind and sand. Like a thousand-year-old fossil, it records a nation, the last imprint.
It is the unification of ten thousand cities - the unification of the world, the king's landing of ten thousand cities. The bold ambition and pride of the founder, Helian, forged the iron skeleton of the thousand-year-old.
As a result, this ancient royal city, built in 418 AD, has endured war and turmoil for thousands of years, but it is still guarded in Jingbian County, Yulin, Shaanxi Province, by the Wuding River.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="187" > the joys and sorrows of the city</h1>
Regarding the construction of The City of Tongwan, according to the "Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen Kingdoms", Helian Bobo passed through this place on a campaign and sighed in the face of the grand scenery in front of him: "Beautiful, Sifu! I have done a lot of things, and I have not had the beauty of Jos! ”
In 413, he ordered his confidant and benefactor, Linggan Ali, to be the general of the master workers, and drove 100,000 people to start building the city.
Under the sword and whip, the warriors and blood and tears "steamed earth to build the city" with clay, fine sand and white ash. In 5 years, Tongwan City was built. Due to the pale color of the rammed earth of the city walls, Tongwancheng is also known as the White City (子) by the locals.
The master of the construction of the city, Ling Gan Ali, is a skilled craftsman and a bloodthirsty cool official.
According to the Records of the Book of Jin, Hao Lianbobo, during the construction period, the method of the inspection and acceptance project of Linggan Ali was to pierce the wall with a cone tip, and if the cone tip pierced into the city wall by one inch, he ordered the beheading of the migrant workers and built the corpse into the city wall: "Cone into one inch, that is, kill the author and build it together."
During the founding of the city, the flesh and blood and body of countless zhengfu were united with this royal city with a circumference of more than 5 kilometers.
The Tang Dynasty poet Chen Tao's "Journey to the West" wrote: "Poor bones by the river, like people in the dreams of spring girls"! Then, how many people in the dreams of the spring bridesmaids in the thick white bones in the walls of The Ten Thousand Cities?
Therefore, TongwanCheng is not so much made of layers of steamed earth as it is made of thousands of white bones of Zhengfu.
Because of such a harsh standard of fortification, the city wall is unusually strong, and can be used as a whetstone: "Its strength can sharpen the sword and axe."
In addition to the fortification of the city walls, the level of luxury of Tongwancheng is also breathtaking. Volume IX of the "Theory of the Continuation of the World" records: "The Tai Xie grew stronger, all carved books, and were used to ride and embroider the poor literary style."
02
In 418 AD, the Palace of Tongwancheng was completed, and the Kingdom of Bactria reached its peak at this time.
The inscription on the completion of the Tongwancheng in the Book of Jin and the Records of Helian Bobo is a rich account of Helian Bobo's exploits and the grandeur of Tongwancheng in the form of Han Fu:
"Yu Helingzuo, with Qianbilong." Majestic And Great, Great Hall of Sacred Merit. Ren is born of the heavens, Derg Xuan Qiong... Chongtai Xiaozhi, Xiuque Yunting. Thousands of pavilions are connected, and the Ten Thousand Pavilions are screened. Shake like the morning light, show like a star..... Hanging wind reading, flying clouds hanging. Greenhouse saga, layer city jagged. Eagle beast, skeleton dragon. Ying is decorated with treasure pu and decorated with curiosity. ”
The inscription ends with a high praise: "Wei Zhao Royal Family, Sheng Yi Yu Zhang!" "Its grandeur, as well as the happy life of Helian Bobo pointing out the country and the mountains and waving at Fang Shuo, are still vivid and vivid after a thousand years, as if they are right in front of them."
TongwanCheng sits on the west facing east, the terrain is high in the west and low in the east, and the west is large and the east is small. The outer city plan is in the shape of a knife handle, and the inner city is two irregular rectangles, standing side by side from west to east.
This pattern and orientation reflect the Huns' custom of "worshipping the sun at the beginning of the rising" (worshipping the place where the sun rises). The outer city is the outer city, with a circumference of more than 1.3 kilometers and an area of 7.7 square kilometers.
The inner city is divided into two cities, east and west, and is in the core area. The Middle East City is the seat of the official office, the West City is the Imperial City, and there is also Miyagi Castle within the Imperial City, which is where Helian Bobo lived.
At present, only the ruins of the inner city remain, and the outer city has been completely flooded by wind and sand. There is a pier in the southwest corner of the West City, which is the site of the original City Corner Tower. As the commanding height of strategic defense, the piers are as hard as stone, can not be penetrated by attack, and are named because of their narrow and long appearance like horse faces, which is a very important building on the ancient city wall.
According to the records, "the long horse face can reflect the attackers under the city, the secret is the same as the stones, and the enemy is facing the city in all directions."
That is to say, the towering horse face helps to resist enemies in all directions without dead ends. Therefore, the horse surface of the corner tower plays a crucial role in the strategic defense of the entire TongwanCheng.
At present, the ruins of the southwest corner tower of Xicheng, with a height of 26.62 meters, are the highest points in the ruins of Tongwancheng. However, the Great Xia Kingdom failed to maintain the highest point of its glory.
03
In 425, Helian Died of Illness at the age of forty-five. Where was he buried after his death? Because there are many doubts, the history is unknown.
According to the Records of the Spring and Autumn of the Thirty Kingdoms, Helian Bobo was buried in Jiaping Mausoleum, fifteen miles west of the city of Tongwancheng.
During this period, after an infighting over the throne, his third son, Helian Chang, became the second emperor of the Kingdom of Bactria.
Two years later, Northern Wei took advantage of the void and entered the city of Tongwan after the fall was changed to Tongwan Town. In 487, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei changed wancheng to the seat of xia prefecture.
In the Sui Dynasty, Tongwancheng belonged to Shuofang County. During this period in 575, Tongwancheng passed through the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasties, but it has always been an important town in the north.
By the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the continuous harassment of the Western Xia regime established by the Dangxiang clan as a base, Emperor Taizong of Song destroyed and abolished the City of Wancheng in the fifth year of Chunhua (994).
Since then, TongwanCheng has completely disappeared in history. It was not until the light years of the Qing Dynasty that the ruins of Tongwan City, which had been sleeping in the Maowusu Desert for more than 800 years, were rediscovered.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="80" > lamentations of The Helian bo and the Huns</h1>
King's Landing, unity of all nations!
The City of Tongwan, which was entrusted with great ambition, experienced vicissitudes in the past thousand years, which Helian Bobo had not expected before his death.
And the fate of The City of Ten Thousand Cities, how could it not be a portrayal of helian Bobo's fate? It and he are brilliant and pathetic.
According to the Book of Jin, Helian Bobo's ancestor was a descendant of the Xiongnu Right Xian King, and a distant relative of the former Zhao royal family, so the history books also called him Liu Bobo.
His father Liu Weichen took advantage of the defeat of Former Qin's Fu Jian army and supported the army to divide the area around Hexi. Later, the Northern Wei Tuoba clan launched a large-scale attack, and Liu Weichen's soldiers were defeated and killed.
After the destruction of his family, the young Helian Bo defected to the clan and fell to the cadres. However, the leader of the group, Ling Gan, sent him to the Tuoba clan, and his nephew Ling Gan Ali failed to persuade him, so he desperately rescued Helian Bobo and gave Helian Bobo to Later Qin's Gaoping Gongwu to raise.
Later, Linggan Ali also followed Helian Bobo, and he was personally responsible for the construction of the City of Ten Thousand.
Duke Gaoping also adopted the young Helian Bobo, who not only admired him, but later married his daughter to him. The Later Qin Emperor Yao Xing also entrusted him with heavy responsibilities.
04
Ling Gan Ali, Gao Ping Gong did not do it, and to the Later Qin Emperor Yao Xin, they were all heroes with discernment. Yao Xing's younger brother, Yao Xing, was fascinated by the "wolf ambition" in the depths of Helian's great talent.
And Helian Bobo also used his life as evidence of their vision. After that, he did betray Later Qin while defending Shuofang in Zhen, and designed to kill his adoptive father Gao Pinggong and seize his 50,000 soldiers and horses.
After his strength increased greatly, Helian Bobo began to meet with Later Qin soldiers. In 407 AD, Helian Bobo officially ascended the state as the King of Xia, with the era name Longsheng. At this moment, his life has reached its glory and peak.
Helian Bobo's outstanding military ability and unique vision, coupled with the harshness and cruelty of the army, made the Xia army extremely effective. Under his attack, Later Qin and Southern Liang were both silent and thin.
Just as he was going south to attack Chang'an, Liu Yu, the Eastern Jin Dynasty warlord, had also sent troops. In the face of the internal strife in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Helian Bobo accurately judged that Liu Yu would not live in Chang'an for a long time.
So he avoided his sharp edge and waited for the opportunity. Later, Liu Yu did indeed lead his troops to withdraw. After Liu Yu left, Helian Bobo quickly attacked and captured Chang'an. After the victory of the Great War, he made a grand sacrifice to the heavens on Bashang.
Faced with a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, the courtiers all asked him to be in the capital of Chang'an. However, Helian Bobo believed that this would shake the foundation of northern rule and provide opportunities for northern Wei. If the Northern Wei Dynasty took advantage of the void, then Chang'an would lose its value.
With the capital in charge of Wancheng, Northern Wei did not dare to attack easily. Afterwards, it also fully proved his unique vision.
05
Tracing back to Helian Bobo's life, his strategy and military talents enabled him to rise from his family's death and the isolation of people under the fence to establish Bactria in the chaotic world, the last state in Chinese history.
Shi Zai, Helian is handsome and handsome, a generation of heroes. Even liu Yu, the famous founding emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty, sighed: "I might as well do it!".
Liu Yu was an outstanding politician, reformer, and military figure during the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During his reign, he was politically enlightened and achieved outstanding political achievements, laying a solid foundation for the "rule of Yuan Jia".
The Ming Dynasty man Li Zhen praised him as "the prince of the dingchao dynasty".
Xin Shuyi's famous poem "Yong Yu Le Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu" wrote: "The grass tree of the oblique sun, the ordinary alley is strange, and the humane slave once lived." Think of that year, Jinge iron horse, swallowed like a tiger", the "slave" in the sentence refers to Liu Yu.
Such an outstanding figure as Liu Yu lamented that helian's talent was evident.
But his tyranny and ruthlessness are also outrageous. In order to increase his strength against Later Qin, he assassinated Mo Yigan, the Duke of Gaoping, who raised him, and annexed his 50,000 horses.
He often sat at the head of the city with a bow and arrow, and destroyed the eyes, severed his lips, cut off his tongue, and beheaded those who disobeyed:
"Dwelling in the city, placing the bow and sword on the side, and having some resentment, he commits suicide with his hands, and the courtiers destroy their eyes, and the laughing ones decide their bows, and the counselors slander them, and first cut off their tongues and then behead them." His tyranny also made the Xia Kingdom hide a crisis.
06
The history books commented on Helian Bobo in this way: "Although the male is superior, but the ferocity has not been reformed, the decoration is not a distant counselor, the courtiers are cruel, the ministry is arrogant, and the loyal tongue is curly." The scourge of destruction should be in the body, and it is not unfortunate to be in the body, and it is not unfortunate. ”
This comment affirms his great talent and points out that the scourge of tyranny continues from the front of him to the back of him.
After his death, the kingdom of Bactria fell rapidly, and five sons were killed one after another. His eldest son, Helian Xuan, rebelled because his position as crown prince was shaken, and after he killed his brother Helian Lun, he was also beheaded by his younger brother Helian Chang.
When Helian Chang succeeded to the throne as the second emperor of the Xia Kingdom, he was killed by Tuoba Tao, the Taiwu Emperor of Northern Wei. The Kingdom of Bactria perished.
Helian's fifth son, Helian Ding, although he was restored after the fall of Xia, was captured a few months later by the Northern Wei vassal tugu hunsheng and eventually killed in the capital of Northern Wei.
It was white, and the earth was so clean!
07
The life of Si Helian can be regarded as a hero and a hero of the world. After he succeeded to the throne, he changed his surname to "Helian", which means "Weihelian Tian".
However, not only did he fail to avenge tuoba's killing of his father during his lifetime, but his sons were once again destroyed by tuoba after his death.
And he himself, in the shadow of the sword and light sword of the sons killing each other, ended up with sentimentality and regret.
The fate of the Kingdom of Bactria and its family was the last glory of the Xiongnu, and the final elegy. The tragedies of life, and the impermanence of the world, are always stifling.
The Yuan Dynasty poet Chen Youzeng's "Wuding River" wrote: "The sound of the twilight horn by the Wuding River, the travelers on the banks of HelianTai. More than a thousand miles after the return of Hanguan, the autumn wind and white occurred overnight. ”
Today, there is no more twilight sound by the Wuding River, and there is only a traveler left on the banks of HelianTai.
The vagaries of history are as elusive as the waters of an amorphous river. Imagine the wuding river in the past, which is always an ancient battlefield with a terrifying sound.
During the period, how many heroes haojie disappeared in the long river of history, and how many dynasties were staged in the rise and fall of sorrows and joys. Things change stars, and the past is like smoke. Right and wrong, all dissipate with the wind.
Today, it's overgrown with grass and foxes. I don't know how many times the river has changed, but the river is still flowing quietly.
At this time, zhen Shi's hidden interpretation of "Good Song" in "Dream of the Red Chamber" is the most appropriate:
The burrow was empty, full of beds; the grass was withered, and it was once a song and dance venue. The spider silk is full of carved beams, and the green yarn is now pasted on the canopy window...
The vicissitudes of the sea and the mulberry field are the eternal principles.
In the intervening millennium, history has lost its blood color due to the passage of life. At this moment, on the ruins, the vicissitudes are desolate, silent and tragic. Only a pale face and a desolate posture remained in Tongwancheng.
Only that slanting sun still outlined and caressed the iron bones in its thousand-year-old body. Tong Wancheng, like a scarred child, he was tired and tired. In the arms of the Mausu Desert for a thousand years, fall into a deep sleep.
In the dream between the west wind of Hanhai and the yellow sand of Wanli, would he still hear the fight on the wuding river a thousand years ago, and the sound of the side from afar?