<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="13" > preface</h1>
In 1964, when the whole army held a contest in Beijing, Chairman Mao was very interested and said to Zhang Zongxun: "There is such a good thing, why don't you tell me?" ”
Pictured| Chairman Mao
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="17" > first acquaintance with Chairman Mao</h1>
In 1926, under the inspiration of the revolutionary will, 18-year-old Zhang Zongxun resolutely left his hometown in Weinan and rushed to Guangzhou, the center of the revolution at that time, and was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy for further study as he wished.
During his studies at the Whampoa Military Academy, Zhang Zongxun eagerly absorbed revolutionary theoretical knowledge, got to know many Communist Party members, and profoundly understood the principles of revolution.
On March 20, 1926, the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" broke out, and immediately after Chiang Kai-shek declared martial law in Guangzhou, arrested dozens of innocent Communists, and carried out a conspiracy to exclude the Communist Party. Soon after the incident, Chiang Kai-shek thoroughly investigated party affairs and demanded that all cadets in the military academy should not retain dual party membership, decide on their own to retain the membership of the Communist Party or the Kuomintang, and make it public to the Kuomintang.
Picture | Zhang Zongxun
Zhang Zongxun, who had just entered the school, chose to quit the Kuomintang without hesitation, disclosed his identity as a communist to the Officials of the Kuomintang, and firmly stood in the camp of the Communist Party.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution, launched a counter-revolutionary coup, and wantonly hunted down and massacred Communists and patriotic revolutionaries, and the situation was very critical. Zhang Zongxun, who had made his identity public, could only quickly leave the Kuomintang troops, and before leaving, Zhang Zongxun proposed to the party organization: I want to go to the place where the revolution needs it most.
After careful consideration by the party organization, Zhang Zongxun led his troops through many difficulties and finally rushed to Xiushui, Jiangxi, where Zhang Zongxun and Chairman Mao met for the first time.
Pictured| Old photo of Zhang Zongxun
In September 1927, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, Zhang Zongxun participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising and was ordered to launch an attack on Changsha, but due to Zheng Guoxuan's rebellion, the troops were blocked and defeated, and the Autumn Harvest Uprising ended in failure.
After the failure of the autumn harvest uprising, a pessimistic mood began to spread in the troops, and Zhang Zongxun was equally confused, where did the rebel troops go after all? How to face the current situation? Zhang Zongxun racked his brains and did not come up with a good solution.
Just at this moment, division commander Yu Shandu suddenly shouted loudly: Please speak to Member Mao!
Commissioner Mao! Hearing this name, Zhang Zongxun immediately raised his head, he was very familiar with Mao Zedong's name, during his study at the military academy, he had read Mao Zedong's report countless times, and the sharp analysis in the report was in-depth and simple, which benefited Zhang Zongxun a lot. He knew that this uprising was led by Mao Zedong, but he had never seen himself.
Pictured| Zhang Zongxun (center) with his comrades-in-arms
Chairman Mao walked to the front of the troops, dressed in coarse cloth and blue, and with a pair of straw shoes on his feet, but his worn-out clothes could not stop his piercing eyes. Chairman Mao said to all the soldiers:
The Eighty-Seventh Conference corrected Chen Duxiu's erroneous line and decided to seize power by force and carry out an agrarian revolution. However, at present, the strength of our troops is not strong enough to continue to fight Changsha, and when our strength is strong in the future, we will definitely come back to attack Changsha! ”
At this point, Chairman Mao paused, and he said to all the fighters passionately: "Although the Great Revolution has failed, the social nature of China has not changed, the revolutionary situation will continue, and under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, a new round of revolutionary upsurge will inevitably come again, and the revolution will eventually win victory!" ”
Pictured| Chairman Mao is giving a speech
Everyone's emotions were infected by Chairman Mao's passionate words, and the haze that hung over the heads of the troops was swept away, and the soldiers cheered and shouted, and they could not calm down for a long time. Zhang Zongxun was also deeply attracted by Chairman Mao's words, and he firmly believed that the words spoken by Chairman Mao were only temporary, and the victory of the revolution would eventually come!
On September 28, Chairman Mao led the troops to Sanwan Village, Yongxin County, where Chairman Mao changed the rebel forces and creatively proposed: the party branch was built on the company to determine the party's absolute leadership over the army, especially Chairman Mao's thesis that the power came out of the barrel of the gun made Zhang Zongxun's blood boil.
Due to the reorganization of the Three Bays and the downsizing of the troops, Zhang Zongxun was demoted from the commander of the zheng company to the deputy company commander, and Chairman Mao said to Zhang Zongxun apologetically: "The troops are downsizing, you have been demoted from the front to the deputy, and you have been wronged by you, a high-caliber student in Huangpu!" Zhang Zongxun did not complain in the slightest, he was very happy that Chairman Mao attached importance to himself!
Picture | During the Jinggangshan period, Chairman Mao and the guards were together
After the ancient city meeting, Chairman Mao vigorously defied the crowd and led Zhang Zongxun and a platoon of soldiers toward Jinggang Mountain. The road up the mountain was extremely arduous, chairman Mao's grass shoes had already worn out his feet, and he was very painful when he walked, but his spirit was very high from beginning to end, and he talked and laughed with the soldiers along the way.
Zhang Zongxun saw that Chairman Mao's walking was very difficult, so he tied a simple stretcher and asked Chairman Mao to lie on the stretcher, and Zhang Zongxun and the soldiers carried him away, but Chairman Mao resolutely refused to agree, he said: "The soldiers can go, I can also go." In this way, Chairman Mao insisted on walking up Jinggang Mountain step by step with a branch of a tree, created the first rural revolutionary base area of the Communist Party of China, and began a new chapter in the Chinese revolution!
Later, when Zhang Zongxun recalled this period of history, he still continued to sigh, he said: "We feel that Commissar Mao is a reader and is not good at long-distance marching, but he can withstand hardships, which is really admirable!" ”
Figure | Chairman Mao on his way to northern Shaanxi
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="25" > Chairman Mao was snubbed and Zhang Zongxun came to visit</h1>
In October 1932, as Wang Ming's "Left" erroneous leadership gradually gained the upper hand, the Central Bureau of the Soviet District decided to send Chairman Mao to work in the Provisional Government of the Soviets, which in fact revoked Chairman Mao's leadership over the Red Army.
At this time, Zhang Zongxun had grown into the commander of the 36th Division of the Red 12th Army, and after he learned this news, he was very indignant, but there was nothing he could do.
In December, Zhang Zongxun was ordered to go to western Fujian to serve as the commander of the New Red 12th Army, and when passing through Changting, Zhang Zongxun deliberately went to Chairman Mao's resting place to visit Chairman Mao, who had been ostracized.
At this time, Chairman Mao was in Changting, and no one cared about it, and his mood was very complicated, and he was also full of depression. In Changting, Chairman Mao simply could not receive news from the front in time, and Zhang Zongxun's arrival made Chairman Mao very happy and very warmly entertained Zhang Zongxun who came to visit him.
Taking advantage of Chairman Mao's efforts to pour water, Zhang Zongxun carefully examined Chairman Mao's place of residence, and the whole room was simple enough for Zhang Zongxun to sigh softly, a table, several chairs, a military horse lamp, a copper ink cartridge and a tube of brushes, and the wooden bed in the room was piled with all kinds of books and newspapers, barely able to free up a place for a person to sleep, which was all the furnishings of Chairman Mao's place of residence.
After handing the cup to Zhang Zongxun, Chairman Mao could not wait to start asking about some situations on the front line, Chairman Mao asked very carefully, and Zhang Zongxun also patiently answered them one by one.
The two men talked for a long time, but Chairman Mao never talked about the exclusion he suffered from the beginning to the end, did not make a single complaint, Chairman Mao's magnanimity and strong party spirit made Zhang Zongxun admire from the bottom of his heart.
In 1933, due to Zhang Zongxun's insistence on Chairman Mao's correct leadership, coupled with the loss of Guangchang and other reasons, Zhang Zongxun was transferred from his current post and went to Ruijin Red Army University to study.
Picture | Zhang Zongxun returned to Yan'an in his later years
Zhang Zongxun, who was very depressed in his heart, once again came to Chairman Mao's residence and confided in Chairman Mao the depression in his heart, and Chairman Mao comforted him and said: "In this situation, it is like Xiucai encountering soldiers, and it is useless to be anxious. Zhang Zongxun also sighed helplessly, worried about the war on the front line.
At the end of the conversation, Chairman Mao helped Zhang Zongxun think of a way, saying: "Wasn't Comrade Zhou Enlai the host of your party when you were in Huangpu?" These words of your heart, you can talk to him. Later, under the strong recommendation of Zhou Enlai, Zhang Zongxun once again returned to the army and served as the commander of the 4th Division of the Red Third Army.
After the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign and the compulsion of the Red Army to begin the Long March, Zhang Zongxun led his troops to fiercely fight the Xiang River and conquer Zunyi, making great achievements. After the Zunyi Conference, Chairman Mao sent Zhang Zongxun to the Red Fourth Army to serve as chief of staff.
After the Victory of the Red Army joined northern Shaanxi, Chairman Mao said kindly to Zhang Zongxun: "Zhang Zongxun, you are so lucky! Three times of climbing the snowy mountains and crossing the meadows are safe and sound, but the revolution has sent you back to your hometown from the south, giving you a more convenient geographical environment to display your ingenuity, and I am really happy for you! ”
Zhang Zongxun did not expect a small talk between the two of them ten years ago, Chairman Mao actually remembered all along, Zhang Zongxun was deeply moved, he sincerely said to Chairman Mao: "I still hope to be able to follow the chairman to do some specific work." ”
Chairman Mao smiled brightly and said, "We have decided to transfer you to the headquarters to continue our work, and you are more familiar with the customs and customs of northern Shaanxi, so come and be our guide!" ”
Soon after, the Red Army moved to Yan'an, and Zhang Zongxun personally arranged all the details and formulated plans and plans for the transfer. On the way to the transfer, Chairman Mao and Zhang Zongxun walked together, and the two men walked and talked.
Pictured| Chairman Mao and Zhang Zongxun at Yan'an Airport
Chairman Mao said meaningfully to Zhang Zongxun: "Ten years ago, you escorted me to Jinggangshan, and now you escort me to Yan'an. Do you remember when you forced me to sit on a stretcher? Zhang Zongxun's face turned red at once, and he could only reply with a smile.
When Chairman Mao was only the leader of the military and political affairs for the first time, he has now become the commander of the three armed forces; Zhang Zongxun, who was a small deputy company commander, has now grown into a cadre at the military level.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="29" > have this good thing, why don't you tell me? </h1>
As early as the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhang Zongxun made a very detailed method of training troops, and compiled a book to summarize it, Chairman Mao attached great importance to it, and after the central military commission studied and decided, Zhang Zongxun's military training method was popularized and learned from the whole army.
Mao Zedong received PLA fighters
After the founding of New China, Zhang Zongxun was transferred to the General Staff as deputy chief of the general staff and director of the military academy department, mainly managing military training and military academies. New China's arms are more complete, military training is more important, Zhang Zongxun often went deep into the company, summed up experience from practice, and military training soon opened up the situation.
In the spring of 1962, Zhang Zongxun was working on the compilation of teaching materials in Nanjing, and Wang Bicheng, then deputy commander of Nanjing, recommended to Zhang Zongxun a grass-roots company commander, who explored a set of effective training methods in actual training, and the name of this company commander was Guo Xingfu, and later the founder of the famous Guo Xingfu teaching method.
After Zhang Zongxun learned of this, he was very interested and personally came to the training ground to observe, and after reading it, Zhang Zongxun greatly appreciated it, saying: "Guo Xingfu's training method not only carries forward the glorious tradition of our army's military training, but also has new creations. ”
Guo Xingfu created a unique training method
The following year, Zhang Zongxun ordered the General Staff To make a detailed report on Guo Xingfu's training method in the latest issue of the Military Training Bulletin. After Marshal Ye Jianying saw the briefing, he attached great importance to it, personally went to Nanjing to inspect the military, and gave full affirmation; after returning to Beijing, Ye Jianying formally submitted to the Central Military Commission and suggested that it be promoted to the whole army.
Chairman Mao highly praised Ye Jianying and Zhang Zongxun for discovering a very good example, issued instructions, and called on the whole army to study Guo Xingfu's teaching method and set off a large-scale military training campaign.
In June 1964, Zhang Zongxun and Luo Ruiqing came to the Jinan Military Region to inspect the preparations for the big contest, and Chairman Mao, after learning of the big contest, said happily: "Why don't you tell me such a good thing?" Can you let me see it too? ”
Picture 丨 Luo Ruiqing
Zhang Zongxun and Luo Ruiqing were overjoyed, and after deliberating, the two decided to dispatch the training pacesetters of the Jinan Military Region and the Beijing Military Region to Beijing to give a reporting performance to the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Peng Zhen, and other central leaders, together with the secretaries of the provincial party committees of the major central bureaus, attended the military training performance.
At three o'clock in the afternoon of June 15, above the shooting range on the western outskirts of Beijing, colorful flags fluttered in the wind, and countless pacesetters from the two major military regions were neatly arranged. Luo Ruiqing, chief of the general staff, personally served as the on-site commander-in-chief of this military debriefing performance, and the military debriefing performance officially began.
Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and other party and state leaders attended the meeting
The first debriefing performance was the rapid firing of rifles, and after introducing chairman Mao to the requirements of the performance subjects, two pacesetters on the shooting range fired rapidly at eighty steel targets from a distance of one hundred and fifty meters, and after a series of crisp gunshots, one target after another fell to the ground one after another, without false fire.
Suddenly, there was a warm applause above the rostrum, and after Chairman Mao put down the telescope in his hand, he kept clapping and praising happily: "Well played!" Well played! ”
Song Shizhe is one of the two sharpshooters, and his best record in this subject is that he accurately knocked down all 40 steel targets in 40 seconds with 40 bullets, including three times to change the magazine.
Picture 丨 Song Shizhe
After the shooting performance, Chairman Mao asked the staff to take the rifle to see, and Song Shizhe, who had just finished the performance, won this honor, ran forward, and presented chairman Mao with both hands the rifle in his hand.
After Chairman Mao took the gun, he looked at it carefully, and Luo Ruiqing, who was next to him, introduced it to Chairman Mao: "This is domestically made, it is fast and accurate, it has excellent performance, it has been equipped with the troops for 63 years, we have fought for decades, and we have never used such a good gun!" ”
After Luo Ruiqing finished speaking, Chairman Mao suddenly raised the gun in his hand, the butt of the gun was on top of the shoulder socket, the right face was tightly attached to the wall, and a clean and sharp gun aiming action was completed in an instant, and this became the only photo of Chairman Mao holding a gun aimed.
The only photo of Mao Zedong aiming
Later, the rifle used by Song Shizhe was permanently collected by the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution, which was the first all-army rifle of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Type 56 semi-automatic rifle, which was called the "protector of the country" at that time.
After watching the shooting performance, Chairman Mao stepped down from the rostrum and came to the grappling training ground to watch the performance. Above the grappling field, a neat row of sandbags was hung, and above the sandbags were painted by the Platons a variety of portraits, some of which were portraits of Chiang Kai-shek and some of which were portraits of American soldiers.
After seeing Chiang Kai-shek's portrait, Chairman Mao laughed and said humorously: "My old friend has not been seen for a long time, and I will also beat you twice." After saying this, Chairman Mao waved his fist and hit the sandbag.
Mao Zedong waved his fist at the sandbag with Chiang Kai-shek painted on it
Chairman Mao paid more attention to military training, set off another upsurge in military training throughout the army, and greatly improved the quality of the military and government, which became a golden age in the history of military training in the Chinese People's Liberation Army!
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="38" > "The chairman really remembers me!" </h1>
In 1966, China entered a very special era, and Zhang Zongxun was also tortured and devastated, but even in the most difficult times, Zhang Zongxun's trust in Chairman Mao never decreased, and he always firmly believed: "Chairman Mao knows me." ”
In January 1971, Chairman Mao suddenly asked the then chief of the General Staff, "Where did Zhang Zongxun go?" ”
After being stunned for a moment, the chief of the general staff replied nervously: "Zhang Zongxun is serving as a deputy commander of the Jinan Military Region." ”
Pictured| Admiral Zhang Zongxun
Chairman Mao glanced at him, turned his gaze out the window, and said nothing. After the chief of the general staff left Chairman Mao's residence, he immediately sent someone to find Zhang Zongxun and asked Zhang Zongxun to immediately go to the Jinan Military Region to take up a post.
In this way, Zhang Zongxun, who was deeply tormented, left Beijing inexplicably and became the deputy commander of the Jinan Military Region. Soon after, Zhang Zongxun finally understood the reason why he came to the Jinan Military Region, and he choked up and said: "The chairman really remembers me Zhang Zongxun!" ”