Author: Zhang Jiannan
Yuan Haoqing, a great literary scholar who "asks what the world's feelings are, and the Orthodox people live and die together" called him a "poetry prisoner".
Together with the monk Jia Dao, who rode a donkey and repeatedly chanted "deliberate" and touched the porcelain Han Yue, he represented the bard poets.
Su Shi used "suburban cold island thin" to evaluate his and Jia Dao's poetic style.
He wrote a poem "Wandering Son", which resonated with thousands of wanderers, and was wildly grateful, and was forwarded everywhere on the Internet.
He wrote a poem "After Dengke", which caused a hot discussion, and netizens left messages under the poem. Some people say that he has not seen the world, and he is blind. Others think he is narrow-minded and has a small temperament. There are also people who feel that the style is different from the past, all in one go, happy enough to go to heaven. Wait a minute. More people clicked on the "Little Red Heart" to show their liking.
Zhang Zhi privately referred to him as "Mr. Zhenyao".
This person is Meng Jiao, Meng Dongye.
1
Mengjiao was born in Wukang County, Huzhou (present-day Deqing County, Huzhou, Zhejiang). At that time, it was the tenth year of Tang Xuanzong Tianbao, and in 751, he caught up with the Sheng Tang, but it was not a good year for the Sheng Tang.
This year, the flexible fat Yang Guifei's adopted son An Lushan came to Chang'an, and Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei accompanied him on his birthday and affectionately called him Lu'er. An Lushan, who was very favored, asked to serve as the emissary of Hedong Jiedushi. From then on, An Lushan also served as an envoy to the three towns of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong, preparing for rebellion.
In that year, there was also the Tianbao War in the western part of the Tang Dynasty, and the rebellion against Nanzhao (supporting Nanzhao to contain Tubo) was fought, and as a result, after the battle, Nanzhao was beaten away and submitted to Tubo. Not long after, datang fought with arab and Central Asian countries in Qiluo and was defeated by the Arabs. Later, An Lushan went to fight the Khitan in order to favor Tang Xuanzong, but he did not fight.
In fact, Mengjiao was born in a prosperous Tang Dynasty with internal and external troubles.
His father, Meng Tingyue, was a lieutenant in Kunshan County, a low-level official, whose position was not high, and who was in the Tang Dynasty, which was troubled by internal and external troubles, so the family income was not high, and the Mengjiao family was not rich, or even a little poor. The poverty of the family did not make Mengjiao mentally poor, his parents read to him, and Mengjiao was also more intelligent and hardworking.
When Meng Jiao was 5 years old, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and the ship of Datang began to shake violently. Little Mengjiao may not have realized the coming of the world's suffering.
2
Perhaps because of poverty, when he was a child, Mengjiao's personality was straight and lonely, his self-esteem was strong, and he rarely interacted with others.
There is also a story about Xiao Mengjiao's character and talent.
One winter, Mengjiao's hometown of Wukang County ushered in a Chincha to investigate the people's feelings.
The county grand master set up a feast for Chincha to receive the wind. When they were pushing the cup to change the cup, they saw the little Mengjiao wearing a tattered green shirt, and the county grandfather felt very disappointed, and Chincha took the opportunity to make a pair to make fun of Mengjiao: "The little frog wears green clothes."
Xiao Mengjiao was not afraid, and when he saw Chincha wearing a big red python robe, there was still a crab on the table, and he replied straightly: "The big crab is wearing a red robe."
It is said that at that time, Qin Was angry, but there was no way, and he did not want to go like this, so he invited Meng Jiao to sit at the table and waited for the opportunity to test him again.
Chincha took a sip of wine, glanced at Xiao Mengjiao, and said, "The little cat is looking for food to eat."
Meng Jiao looked at Chincha and the county grand master and said, "The big rat steals the imperial grain."
Since then, Xiao Mengjiao has been famous for a while, but he has not been welcomed by the officials.
In the face of the suffering of the world, MengJiao at this time could not taste it with poetry.
3
Growing up, Mengjiao began to travel around, and once lived in seclusion in Henan, where he witnessed the hard life of the people under the partition of the town after the Anshi Rebellion, and wrote all this into poetry.
A song "Conscripting Women's Grievances", Mengjiao let us see the reluctance of conscripted women to bid farewell to their husbands. The day after her husband left, she began to think of her husband, but she could only "come by herself and arrive at night and night."
A song "Wounded Spring", Mengjiao let us taste the cruelty of war.
The spring grass of the two rivers is clear, and the ten years of conquest of the city are fishy.
The rebels killed their children and daughters, and in February and March, the flowers went into silence.
Thousands of miles no one whirlwind, warblers cry swallow language deserted city.
Spring color does not pick the tomb plant, red face and bright color go to the spring.
Spring to spring came to learn that today's people look at the tombs of the ancient people, which makes people feel sad about the mountain road.
A song "Cold Land People's Yin", Mengjiao takes us to see the misery of the life of the low-level people, but also to see the luxury of the life of the noble family, in the switch between the two life pictures, we unconsciously taste the gap between the rich and the poor in Datang society.
The frost blew through the four walls, and the pain could not be escaped.
Gao Tang drank from the bell and went to Xiaowen to cook the cannon.
"The People of the Cold Land" (excerpt)
In the face of the suffering of the world, Meng Jiao began to taste poetry.
4
Although the young Mengjiao wandered around, he did not have many friends, and only met Lu Yu, an expert in tea research, and used the poem "I have a scoop of wine, which can comfort the wind and dust" to persuade his nephew's prodigal son Wei Yingwu.
Lu Yu is a friend of Mengjiao who can make tea and poetry, where he can abandon the difficulties of worldliness and reality and simply feel the fresh and elegant seclusion.
In 784, Mengjiao heard that Lu Yu had built a new house on the tea mountain, and rushed to celebrate it, and also inscribed a poem for the new house.
Shocked by the wuling, moved back to this rock edge.
The pavilion intends to store clouds, and the chiseled stone is the first to get the spring.
(Excerpt from "Title Lu Hong gradually on Rao's New Open Mountain House")
Once in Suzhou, Mengjiao got acquainted with Suzhou Thorn Shi Weiyingwu, talked about poetry together, sang harmony with each other, and wrote "Gift to Suzhou Wei Lang Zhongjun" to form a friendship.
In the face of the suffering of the world, Mengjiao has friends to visit, who can drink tea and write poems together, and can briefly transcend the world.
5
In the blink of an eye, Mengjiao has reached the age of confusion, his father has long died, leaving only some thin fields, and his mother has aged. Mother looked at the elderly literary and artistic youth MengJiao who did not understand livelihood, only loved to wander around, only to write poems and drink tea with a few friends, so it would not work. So he persuaded Meng Jiao to take the meritorious name.
Before his mother persuaded him, a friend suggested that he work fame and fortune, but he said, I have given up my fame and fortune to others, so what is there to be nostalgic about? ”
Although Meng Jiao is very smart and hardworking, he may not be very good at the exam, and he has failed to pass the entrance examination twice. But fortunately, during the exam, he met Li Guan and Han Yu, two friends.
Li Guan, the character Yuanbin, is also a poet, Han Yu said that he was "higher than the world, and the line is from the ancients" ("Li Yuanbin Epitaph"), Meng Jiao, a friend who was more unfortunate, died of illness at the age of 29. Meng Jiao was very sad and wrote a five-word poem "Crying Li Guan" to mourn deeply.
The Old Book of Tang says that Mengjiao was "sexually lonely and widowed, and Han Yu thought it was a contract forgetting his form" at first sight. The personalities of the two are very compatible, and they are the same at first sight. Han Yuke is 17 years younger than Meng Jiao, and they are considered to have lost their friendship. Since then, Han Yu has become a fan of Mengjiao, publicizing everywhere, and the name of Mengjiao's poetry is Dazhen.
Han Yu admired Meng Jiao, and once felt the friendship between them, and wrote a poem "Drunken Stay in Dongye".
I wish to be a cloud and Higashino to become a dragon.
The four sides went up and down the East Field, although there was no reason to part.
- "Drunken Stay in Higashino" (excerpt)
Later, MengJiao became acquainted with several poets, such as Zhang Zhi, Li Ao, and Fan Zongfu.
In the face of failures in life, fortunately MengJiao still has friends who can write poems together to talk and encourage.
6
A few years later, Meng Jiao listened to his mother's advice and went to Chang'an for the third time to take the exam, and finally entered the army and the first. At that time, he was 46 years old, very happy, several failures in the imperial examination and the difficulties of life were forgotten at this moment, and the excitement occupied all, and he found himself young again. He mounted his horse and circled Chang'an City as much as he could, chanting happily:
The filth of the past is not enough to boast, and the debauchery of the present is endless.
The spring breeze is proud of the horseshoe, and the Chang'an flowers can be seen in one day.
"After Denko"
Four years later, Mengjiao was appointed as a lieutenant of Liyang County, ended his wandering life, and decided to take his mother to live in Liyang.
Probably for this move, he borrowed a car in embarrassment, only to find that the family was too poor to "borrow the furniture on the car, the furniture is less than the car". ("Borrowing a Car")
At an old age, people are prone to nostalgia and recall some things. Once, he remembered his mother's teaching to him and the encouragement of the imperial examinations, he was moved, and then he thought of the night before he went to Chang'an to catch the exam, his mother painstakingly sewed clothes for herself and prepared her bags.
Faced with the difficulties of life, Mengjiao chose to be grateful at this time.
7
In Liyang County, Mengjiao found that there was Tokinase and Pingling Castle, where the grass was overgrown, dense, and there was a pond of water, and he liked it very much. Therefore, he often went to the pond, sat by the water's edge, played wine and piano, chanted poems all day, and gradually abandoned his official duties.
After the county order knew, he reported the problem of Mengjiao to his superiors. As a result, an acting county lieutenant was arranged to work and share half of Mengjiao's salary. Mengjiao, whose life had just improved, fell into difficulties again, and finally, Geng Zhi resigned and returned home.
A few years later, the 56-year-old Mengjiao went to Luoyang, through the recommendation of friends, found a job, engaged in water and land transport, and entered the transportation industry. He thought that his life could get better, but he did not expect that the white-haired person would send the black-haired person and suffer the pain of losing his son.
Mengjiao is old and living in poverty and illness, and he can't help but complain about the poor and miserable life, so he wrote "Fifteen Songs of Autumn Huai".
Cold dew drops dream break, steep wind comb bone cold.
The sick text is printed on the table, and the intestines are turned to worry.
—— Excerpt from "Fifteen Songs of Autumn Huai (Part II)"
After a few years, the 64-year-old Meng Jiao was recommended to be a staff officer, and as a result, he died of a violent illness on the way to the post, and his wife Zheng Shi asked Han Yu and other help to do the aftermath.
Someone said, "Suffering walks before the poem, and the poem groans after the suffering." Suffering has settled in the tent of history, and poetry attempts to knock on the walls of reality. If Mengjiao is another realistic poet after Du Fu, then Mengjiao is a person who dares to sing poems and taste the sufferings of the world to scrutinize the walls of reality.