<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > character biography</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > early life</h1>
Sima Guangcai was like Emperor Zhenzong of Song on October 18, 1019, sima Guang was born in Gwangsan, Gwangju, at this time his father Sima Chi served as the commander of Guangshan County, so he was named Guang; At the age of six, Sima Chi taught Sima Guang to read, and at the age of seven, he could not only recite the "Spring and Autumn of the Zuo Clan", but also explain the meaning of the book; And made a "smashing cylinder to save friends" this thing that shocked Jingluo.
In the ninth year of Tiansheng (1031), Sima Guang and his father Sima Chi set out from Tokyo, all the way through Luoyang, Tongguan, Baoji, through Qinling, to Guangyuan, Sichuan, as a transport envoy to Lizhou, on the boardwalk encountered the python, he calmly and calmly held a sword, plunged into the tail of the python, making the python in pain, rolling down the unfathomable boardwalk.
Sima Guang's erudition came from many aspects, on the one hand, he was eager to learn and strong, on the other hand, his father also paid attention to cultivating. He was honest and intelligent, but also very sensible, and he was deeply loved by his father. At the same time, whenever he traveled or talked to his colleagues and close friends, Sima Chi always took him with him. Hearing and seeing, Sima Guang was "awe-inspiring as an adult" in both knowledge and insight.
Many ministers and celebrities at that time appreciated Sima Guang. Shangshu Zhang Cun offered to give his daughter Xu to Sima Guang. After Sima Chi's death, Pang, who had served as deputy chancellor, raised and educated Sima Guang as if he were his own son. Sima Chi traveled to Henan, Shaanxi, and Sichuan as an official, always taking Sima Guang with him. Therefore, before the age of fifteen, Sima Guang followed his father through many places, visited ancient explorations in these places, wrote poems and inscriptions, and appreciated the customs and customs of the land, which greatly enriched Sima Guang's social knowledge.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > enter the official arena</h1>
In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), when Sima Guang was twenty years old, he took the examination and entered the Jia Section in one fell swoop, and from then on he entered Shilin and was first appointed as a judge in Hua Prefecture (present-day Hua County, Shaanxi). At this time, Sima Chi was serving as the governor of Tongzhou (同州, in modern Dali, Shaanxi), and the two places were relatively close, and Sima Guang often went to visit his parents. In Tongzhou, he became acquainted with Shi Changyan, a scholar of the same branch, who had a talented name and was a push official in Tongzhou, although he was more than twenty years older than Sima Guang, but the two could talk very well, often exchanged knowledge together, talked about ancient visits to the present, and became friends who forgot their years. In the same year, he married Zhang Cun's daughter.
In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), because his father was transferred to Hangzhou, Sima Guang resigned as a judge of Huazhou and became a judge of Suzhou. Just as he was making great strides in his career with great ambitions, his mother died of illness. According to feudal etiquette, he had to resign his official post and go home to serve for three years. During this period, Yuan Hao, a member of the Xiang clan in the north, declared himself emperor and established the Western Xia Kingdom, and in order to get rid of the subordinate status of the Song Dynasty, the Western Xia had a war with the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty lost one after another.
In order to strengthen the military defense force, Song Renzong demanded that the two Zhejiang provinces add archers and add official positions such as commanders and envoys. Sima and his son believed that there was no benefit in doing so. Therefore, Sima Guang drafted "On the Inappropriate Addition of Archers in the Two Zhejiang Provinces" on behalf of his father, expounding from all aspects on the addition of archers and adding military attaches.
In December of the first year of the Qing calendar (1041), Sima Chi died of illness in Jinzhou, and Sima Guang and his brother Sima Dan returned to their hometown of Xia County with their father's coffin. The successive deaths of his parents made Sima Guang extremely sad, and he sighed that "his heart was chaotic before he thought of this in his life." But during his mourning period, he turned his sorrow into a driving force for reading and writing to dispel endless sadness and loneliness. During this period, he read a large number of books and wrote many valuable articles, such as "Ten Philosophies", "Four Hao Theories", and "Jia Sheng's Treatises", and put forward opinions on some ancient events of the ancients according to his own opinions and feelings.
During his three years in mourning, he learned a lot about the life of the lower classes. In the fourth year of the Qing calendar (1044), the twenty-six-year-old Sima Guangfu ended his funeral, signed a letter to judge Wu Chengjun, and soon changed to Xuan Delang, who would be the overseer of the book, and Quan zhi fengcheng county affairs. In a short period of time, it has achieved the political achievements of "the political voice is impressive, and the people call it".
In his spare time, he read a large number of classics and wrote many papers, such as "Theory of Machinery and Power", "Theory of Talent and Virtue", "Theory of Lianpo", "Ying Hou Strike Wu An Junbing", "Xiang Yu Jie Han Sheng", "Han Gao Zu Chopping Ding Gong", "Ganluo", "Fan Sui", "Qinkeng Zhao Jun" and dozens of other articles.
In the sixth year of sima guang's qing calendar (1046), Sima Guang received an edict. He was transferred to serve as a Dali commentator and a direct lecturer of Guozi. On the day he went to Beijing, his staff and friends went out of the house empty and put wine for him. Sima Guang was touched by everyone's enthusiasm and impromptu poem: "If you don't get drunk and fall before you fall, tomorrow this joy will be nothing?" Follow can't bear to say goodbye, look back at the city tower no late smoke!" At this time, Sima Guang was full of vigor, and although the eunuch sea was vast and unpredictable, he still came to Kyoto with an excited mood.
In the seventh year of the Qing calendar (1047), Sima Guang was twenty-nine years old, and the peasant king of Beizhou rebelled and captured the city of Beizhou, known as the "King of Dongping County". At this time, Sima Guang's father's friend Pang Zhi was appointed as a privy councillor in the dynasty, in charge of the country's military priorities. Sima Guang wrote the "Book of Shangshu Pang's Secret Treatise on the Affairs of Bei Prefecture" to provide advice to Pang Zhi for quelling the uprising as soon as possible. The specific suggestions are to "break through the plan", use threats and inducements at the same time, divide and disintegrate, and only condemn the "first evil", and do not ask the rest. In fact, the rebel army only lasted 66 days, the leader Wang was killed, and the rest were burned to death.
In the first year of Emperor You's reign (1049), Pang was promoted to Privy Counsellor and recommended Sima Guang to be the inspector of the Pavilion, but did not receive permission from the Emperor. In the third year of Emperor You(1051), Sima Guang was thirty-three years old, and was recommended by the chancellor Pang Yuan to be the inspector of the Pavilion and the Tongzhi Taichang Ryo. During his tenure, he conducted systematic research on the Ancient Filial Piety Classic, and wrote the Article "Ancient Filial Piety Commentary". In the fifth year of Emperor You's reign (1053), Sima Guang served as a chancellor in the palace, except for the review of the history museum, the revision of the calendar, the change of the Jixian school, and the full-time historical official. From then on, Sima Guang began to study history. While Sima Guang was immersed in the study of history, Pang was deposed from his post as chancellor and demoted to Hubu Shilang (胡部侍郎) and appointed as the governor of Yun Prefecture (郓州, in present-day Yuncheng, Shandong). Pang recommended Sima Guang as a scholar of Yun Prefecture.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > governing places</h1>
In the first year of Hehe (1054), Sima Guang left the like-minded Wang Anshi, Shi Yangxiu, Bao Zheng and others and went to Yun Prefecture. Soon after, he was appointed as a general judge, responsible for inspecting the officials of the whole state.
Sima Guang's stone carvings in Xixia County, Shanxi, to the second year of Hehe (1055), because Pang was born in Zhihe Prefecture and was slightly appeased by Hedong Road, Sima Guang was reappointed as the General Judge of Hezhou.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), he wrote three letters in a row, "Please Build a Vice-Chancellor or Enter the Sect Chamber" (the first, second, and third letters), suggesting that Emperor Renzong establish a crown prince, and after the three forms were inconclusive, he asked Emperor Renzong to have a clear reply in the era of the song. But none of this persuaded Emperor Renzong, and Sima Guang chose silence.
During Sima Guang's tenure at Hedong Road with Pang, the Song Dynasty and Western Xia were in a truce period, but he did not let down his vigilance, but went deep into the people to listen to the opinions of the locals. Liu Yong was very researching of border affairs and wrote 10 volumes of "Border Discussions", which were very insightful, and Sima Guang recommended them.
Sima Guang believed that the method of eliminating the city and building a fortress would be conducive to protecting the tranquility of the border area, so on the one hand, he banned the border people and the Western Xia mutual market, and on the other hand decided to build a fort. At this time, the general Guo En, who led the army, attacked Western Xia with wine, but returned with a big defeat and committed suicide as a last resort.
After the imperial court heard the case, Pang Zhi alone took responsibility, and afterwards Pang Zhi was dismissed from his post and demeaned the zhiqing prefecture, Sima Guang played three consecutive pieces to the emperor to show that Pang Zhi was only after listening to his opinions that he decided to build the fort, indicating that Pang Zhi was completely out of the original intention of "wanting to protect xinjiang for the country", "out of loyalty, regardless of his own plot", because "he listened to the words of his subjects, so that he could do so", and should be "guilty of the crime of being a single subject, and even punished". When Pang Zhi learned that Sima Guang was going to defend himself, he went up to the chapter again, cited himself, and asked sima Guang to be exonerated, so that Sima Guang did not receive any punishment.
Pang And Sima Guang, with their friendship for the past year, supported and loved each other, which was rare and precious. After Pang's death, Sima Guang did not forget Pang's kindness to him and treated his family as his own.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > back central</h1>
In the third year, Sima Guang moved the kaifeng governor to Kaifeng Province and gave him five pins of clothing; Jiayou for six years, promoted to a living note. Sima Guang resolutely resigned, and even the five letters were connected, he believed that he was "not really good at it", but Emperor Renzong never took back his life.
Soon, Emperor Renzong issued an edict to move Sima Guang to the position of a living quartersman and a member of the Tongzhi Temple. During his five-year tenure, he played more than 170 copies to the emperor, successively wrote to Emperor Renzong "Three Words" and "Five Rules", and wrote to Emperor Renzong many times to solve the problem of succession, and Emperor Renzong felt that Sima Guang was sincerely considering the state society, so he transferred the recital to Zhongshu Province. Sima Guang personally went to Zhongshu Province to urge it until Zhao Shu was made crown prince.
Sima Guang was promoted to the rank of Zhizhi when Sima Guang was forty-four years old, but Sima Guang was reluctant to take office, believing that this was an errand in charge of drafting edicts, not his specialty. To this end, in March of the seventh year of Jiayou, he connected nine "Resignation And Knowledge System Complaints", indicating that he was not suitable for this position; Emperor Renzong withdrew the edict and reappointed the Tianzhang Pavilion to be a waiter, still known as the Imperial Household.
On March 29, 1988, Emperor Renzong died. In April, Zhao Shu ascended the throne, that is, Emperor Yingzong. The contradictions between the two palaces intensified, and Sima Guang saw this situation, and on April 13, he entered the "Shangshu Emperor and Empress Dowager Shu" and on April 27, he entered the "Shangshu Emperor Shu", and urged the state to respond to the principle of the unity of the monarch and the people, and the internal and external cooperation.
On June 22, he went to the "Two Palaces" again, pointing out: "The golden causeway is thousands of miles away, and it collapses in the ant nest; White flaws, easy to leave and difficult to close. The emperor did not have the empress dowager to support "the world without a king", and the empress dowager left the emperor "without peace in the world". On November 26, two more seals were written, one to the empress dowager and one to the emperor. In the sonata, we talk about history, put forward the interests and harms, understand the great righteousness, proceed from the overall situation, and persuade each other bitterly, and finally get the effect. In addition, Yingzong's condition also improved, so that the contradiction between the empress dowager and Yingzong tended to ease.
It took more than a year from March of the eighth year of Jiayou to July of the first year of Zhiping. In order to eliminate the contradiction between the empress dowager and Emperor Yingzong, Sima Guang played a total of 17 chapters. In his five-year career as a counselor, in addition to paying attention to the upper echelons of society and helping the imperial court to solve the major issues related to the fate of the country, such as the succession to the imperial throne and the emperor's self-cultivation essentials and the governing platform, he also paid attention to the lower classes of the people. He issued a call for concern for the people's well-being and lightening the people's burdens.
And this idea runs through almost all of his sonatas. He pointed out in "On the Neglect of Wealth and Profits" that the most miserable people today are the peasants, because "the peasants are hard-working, coarsely clothed, and have to pay all kinds of taxes to the government and bear all kinds of labor." In the good harvest years, grain was sold for exploitation by officials, and in the face of fierce years, they were displaced, or even froze and starved to death," suggested that some measures to benefit the people should be taken effectively.
Sima Guang opposed the wind of feasting and rewarding in the palace, and in the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), he wrote "On Feasting and Drinking", imploring the emperor to think about the people and stop drinking and feasting. He went to the "Words and Testaments" to oppose the imperial court's disregard for the reality of the country and the generous reward of the courtiers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" > remain in the advisory position</h1>
After the death of Sima Guang's suzhou stone statue Renzong, Emperor Yingzong awarded Renzong's relics worth more than one million yuan to his subjects, and Sima Guang also received nearly a thousand taels. But these correct advices, because of the decay of the court and the offense against some vested interests, certainly cannot be adopted. Sima Guang had no choice but to start with himself and give the reward he received to the court as a minister.
In the first year of Zhiping (1064), Sima Guang played "Beggars Shaanxi Yiyong Zazi", believing that at that time, the border defense organization "Righteous Courage" caused the people to "drift away from flesh and bones, and the countryside was exhausted", bringing endless suffering to the people, hoping that the imperial court would examine the interests. I'm sorry to dismiss it. When the imperial court did not accept it, he wrote a second letter and personally went to the temple to meet With Emperor Yingzong, saying that in order to defend the border, it was necessary to start from the general's military and political affairs, and blindly making up the numbers of rafs could only be "in vain to disturb, but useless." Emperor Yingzong was slightly moved this time, and sent the Shangdian Zazi to Zhongshu Province and the Privy Council for consultation, but once discussed, fang knew that the matter had been proposed for a long time and was difficult to change. He connected to Liu Shu again and debated with the chancellor Han Qi, who although he was speechless, had power in his hands, and Sima Guang could not do anything with him. After this failed, Sima Guang connected the five forms and demanded that he be deposed.
In the second year of Zhiping (1065), the imperial court served as Sima Guanglong Tuge Zhishi, and remained in the post of advisor. Sima Guang, who was completely disappointed in the counselors, took the opportunity to make three consecutive petitions and asked for improper counselors, and he said in the song chapter: "The ministers have been engaged in the advisory office for five years, and since the present dynasty, those who have been in this official position have not been as long as the ministers. The subjects are foolish in their qualifications, but they know how to serve the country, they do their best to be loyal, they make enemies with people, they are many before and after, they are in the four seas, they meet everywhere, and they are often afraid that they will have no place to stand in the sun and their descendants, so as to hope to solve it day and night. Emperor Yingzong approved him to be relieved of his post and still entered the Longtuge Zhi Bachelor.
In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Sima Guang submitted the Tongzhi (mainly the Records of History, compiled into 5 volumes of the Zhou Ji and 3 volumes of the Qin Ji, a total of 8 volumes) into Yingzong. The time of this book is from the twenty-third year of the Liewang, the separation of the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei, until the third year of Qin II, the fall of the Qin Dynasty. After reading this, Emperor Yingzong greatly appreciated it and gave Sima Guang two clear instructions, one was to continue the "Tongzhi" to be edited down, and the other was to decide to set up a bookstore, and Sima Guang chose his own officials as his assistants.
In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Emperor Yingzong fell ill and died, and Emperor Shenzong took the throne. Ouyang Xiu, the governor of the government, strongly recommended to Emperor Shenzong, saying that Sima Guang was "virtuous and upright, and his scholarship was clear", and that Emperor Shenzong appointed Sima Guang as a Hanlin scholar, and soon after, sima Guang was appointed as a yushi zhongcheng .
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" > new and old party fights</h1>
After Emperor Shenzong of Song ascended the throne, he was young and vigorous, and he was determined to revitalize his ancestral business. After humbly asking questions and soliciting strategies for governing the country from many sources, he felt that the set of radical and bold reform plans proposed by Wang Anshi were in line with his ideals. In the second year of Xi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi was reused as a suffragan and presided over the change of law. Ideologically, Wang Anshi advocated open source, and Sima Guang advocated throttling.
Sima Guang and Wang Anshi had different political views, and engaged in fierce debates on some issues, and sometimes did not give in to the deliberations presided over by the emperor, but Sima Guang did not oppose Wang Anshi's change of law, especially when the change of law had not yet revealed obvious shortcomings, and he did not openly oppose it. Even when some people wanted to impeach Wang Anshi, he also persuaded and persuaded. It was not until Wang Anshi issued the "Green Shoots Law" that Sima Guang expressed a different opinion, believing that the county officials relying on their authority to lend money and collect interest are more harmful than the common people's lending and interest collection, so he showed strong dissatisfaction.
Song Shenzong hoped that Sima Guang could play a good role and assist him in saving the crisis at an early date and realizing the revitalization of the country. On February 12, 1070, in the third year of Xi Ning (1070), Sima Guang was promoted to deputy envoy of the Privy Council, and Sima Guang resolutely resigned on the grounds of "not understanding finances" and "not learning military brigades", and from the fifteenth to the twenty-seventh day, he was accompanied by five letters, and left Beijing at his request, and then became a scholar of Duanmingdian Zhiyongxingjun (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).
On April 9, 1071, in the fourth year of Xi Ning's reign, he saw that his friend Fan Zhen had been deposed for bluntly saying that Wang Anshi had "entered into the strategy of refusing advice" and "used the technique of cruelty to the people". Sima Guang was indignant that Fan Zhenming was upset, and asked to be appointed to the post of Yushitai of Xijing, and he himself retired to Luoyang, never paying attention to political affairs, and continued to compile the Tongjian with the bookstore for 15 years.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Sima Guang was sixty-six years old, and the Zizhi Tongjian was completely completed, and the whole book was presented on July 11 of that year, and in November, after the completion of the last part of the Tongjian, the Tang Ji and the Five Dynasties Chronicle, Sima Guang played it to Emperor Shenzong together with the Tongjian Examination And the Tongjian Catalogue. Emperor Shenzong attached great importance to it, and stamped the beginning and end of each book with the emperor's Ruisi Hall seal, and gave the title of the book "Zizhi Tongjian" with the title of his book "In view of the past, in order to govern the Tao", and personally wrote the preface. On the third day of the first month of December, Emperor Shenzong sent an edict to Sima Guang, saying that he was "erudite and knowledgeable, throughout the ancient world, from the late Zhou Dynasty to the next five generations, into a family book, praise and depreciation to take, and have some basis." He also rewarded silver, silk, clothing, and horses, promoted Sima Guang to the rank of scholar of the Imperial Palace, and moved Fan Zuyu to the secretary of the province.
In the eighth year of Yuan Feng (1085), Sima Guang was sixty-seven years old. On March 7, Emperor Shenzong fell ill and died, and Zhao Xu, who was only 10 years old, succeeded him as Emperor Zhezong. Emperor Zhezong was young and was led by his grandmother, empress dowager. The empress dowager consulted Sima Guang on the strategy of governing the country, and Sima Guang wrote the "Beggar Kai Yan Lu Zazi" and suggested "opening up the road of speech". Sima Guang once again called for no more burdens on the poor peasants, and advocated that the new law must be abolished and that "benevolent government" should be imposed on the peasants.
The empress dowager issued an edict to use Sima Guang to know Chen Prefecture, and soon after, she issued an edict to remove the subordinate attendant (i.e., the deputy prime minister). However, Sima Guangshang resigned, and on the grounds that his "age was getting weaker and his energy was getting more and more drained", he requested that only Chen Zhou be known. In the future, with the support of relatives and friends around him, he still took up his post. Sima Guang made a statement to the empress dowager that, in order to realize the political proposition of abolishing the new law, Liu Zhi, Fan Chunren, Li Chang, Su Shi, Su Rui, and others who had been degraded for opposing the new law were recruited back to serve in the court, and Lü Gongzhuo, Wen Yanbo and other old ministers were also recalled to the imperial court.
Sima Guang repealed the new law, went to the "Please Reform the Evil Zhazi", and in the "Please Update the New Law Zhazi", compared the new law to poison, and requested that immediate measures be taken to "update" all of them. After abolishing the Baojia Law, and then abolishing the Fangtian Average Tax Law, the Municipal Yi Law, and the Baoma Law, when he learned that the Exemption Law, the Qingmiao Law, and the General Officer Law had not been abolished, he said with infinite sentimentality: "I will not be blinded when I die!" He said to Lü Gongzhu: "Since his illness, he has paid for medical treatment with his body, paid for his family affairs (Sima Kang), and has not paid for state affairs."
I hope that Lü Gongzhu will be able to fulfill his long-cherished wish. At the same time, the above table requests resignation. However, the empress dowager was very dependent on him, and not only was he not allowed to resign, but instead he was ordered to remove Shangshu Zuo's servant and attendant under the door, and officially worshipped him as prime minister. The Exemption Act and the BIBS Act were soon abolished. Sima Guang finally fulfilled his long-cherished wish to abolish the exemption law and realized his political ideas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="44" > twilight years</h1>
Sima Guang's sideways image Sima Guang recorded the essence of the Chinese during the Second Return to the Dynasty and compiled it into the book "Huiyan". He also supplemented and compiled the "Calendar Chart" and the "List of Hundred Officials and Secretaries of State" into the book "Records of the Ancient Records", forming a concise general history of "a little existence of the body", and was responsible for the final revision of the "Zizhi Tongjian".
On the first day of September in the first year of Yuan You (1086), Sima Guang died of illness at the age of sixty-eight, and was given the title of Taishi and Duke wen of Wen, and the title of Wenzheng was given the title of "Zhongqing Pure Virtue". After his death, Emperor Zhezong buried him in Gaoling. When the coffin was sent to Xia County, the people of the capital went on strike to go to the hanging, and some even sold their clothes to participate in the memorial, and the cries in the streets and alleys exceeded the sound of traffic. When it came time to be buried, the crying person was very sincere, as if he were crying for his own relatives. The fathers and elders of Fengzhou in Lingnan also paid tribute to Sima Guang, and the capital and all over the country painted his portrait to sacrifice him, and they must sacrifice him before eating.
In the first year of Shao Sheng's reign (1094), Zhang Huan talked about Sima Guang becoming more prosperous and law-abiding, and Emperor Zhezong ordered that Sima Guang's gifts be removed and the stele be destroyed.
In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), he was demoted to the rank of deputy envoy of the Qing Navy, and posthumously demoted Zhu Yajun to join the army. In the third year of Yuan Fu (1102), he posthumously restored the crown prince Taibao. In the second year of Chongning (1103), when Cai Jing was the prime minister, he once again pursued Zuo Guanglu dafu, and was immediately removed from his name, referring to Sima Guang and others as "Yuanyou Dangren", engraving the Yuanyou Dangren Monument, and prohibiting Yuanyou scholarship. During the Daguan period, he posthumously restored the Prince Taibao. In the first year of Jing Kang (1126), he was given to the Taishi and given to him again. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Song, he was entitled to the temple court of Emperor Zhezong.
In the second year of Emperor Baoqing of Song (1226), the twenty-four statues of lizong tu were in the Zhaoxun Pavilion, and Sima Guang was among them. During the Xianchun period, it was worshipped in the Confucius Temple. During the reign of Ming Jiajing, he was called "Sima Zi of the First Confucian Dynasty" from the time of the Emperor. In the sixty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1722), Sima Guang and forty meritorious men from the Imperial Temple of the Emperors of the Dynasty.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="50" > major achievements</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="51" > politics</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="174" > yuanyou is more</h1>
Sima Guang's stone carving of Empress Xuanren was the backstage of the opposition to the change of law in the former court, and after taking power, he cited Conservatives such as Sima Guang and Wen Yanbo to the government, and various anti-change law forces gathered together.
Sima Guang, under the banner of "changing mothers into sons," opposed the new law. He pushed the responsibility for changing the law on Wang Anshi, attacking "Wang Anshi for not reaching the form of government, using private opinions, changing the old chapters, and misleading the emperor as an envoy"; Then he completely repudiated the new law, slandering it as "giving up right from wrong, reviving harm and eliminating profits" and "the name of loving the people, in fact, the sick people, called the beneficial country, but in fact hurt the country."
Most of the new laws were repealed, and many of the old ones were restored one by one. In this way, as long as Cai Jing of Kaifeng Province was fully restored within five days according to Sima Guang's orders, the harm to society would be even more serious than before Xi Ning. The money accumulated through the reform of the law was also "irrationally dissipated" during the years in which the anti-reform faction was in power.
At the same time, we have spared no effort to crack down on the Reformers. Zhang Huan had refuted Sima Guang's proposal to restore the Law of Bad Service one by one, and the anti-reform faction mobilized all the forces of the Taiwan Counsel and repeatedly expelled Zhang Huan until he was forced to idle. Officials of the pro-party reform faction listed as Wang Anshi and others were all deposed, and Cai Qi wrote the "Che Gai Ting Poem", thinking that they were all involved in ridicule and died in Xinzhou. Lü Huiqing did not dare to drink cold water in who was in the book, lest he get sick and be caught by the opposition.
For the Western Xia, it inherited Xi Ning's previous compromise policy, ceding the recovered four villages of Anjiang, Yelu, Futu, and Mizhi to the Western Xia in order to steal an hour. These perverse acts have provoked widespread discontent in society.
People with clearer minds once advised Sima Guang to put himself in the shoes of the young Song Zhezong, and if someone taught "father-son righteousness" and instigated Zhezong to oppose today's "mother for son" today, the consequences would be unimaginable. Sima Guang said, "If the Heavenly Ruozuo Sect Society is concerned, there will be no such thing!" Sima Guang and his successors ignored the little emperor, thus increasingly provoking the displeasure of Emperor Zhezong. After emperor Zhezong pro-government, he said that he "only saw his buttocks" during the period of listening to the government, and reprimanded the opposition for not understanding the righteousness of the monarch. As soon as Empress Xuanren died, the anti-reform faction that restored the old system collapsed and suffered a doubly heavy blow.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" > culture</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="170" > historiography</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="170" > Zizhi Tongjian</h1>
Sima Guangcai's main achievements like Sima Guang's are reflected in scholarship. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of the Zizhi Tongjian. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, Sima Guang strongly opposed Wang Anshi's change of law and requested a foreign post. In the fourth year of Xi Ning (1071), he sentenced Xijing Yushitai to live in Luoyang for fifteen years, regardless of political affairs. During this leisurely period, Sima Guang presided over the compilation of the 294-volume chronicle of nearly 4 million words, "Zizhi Tongjian".
Sima Guang's exclusive paradise is both his residence and the location of the Zizhi Tongjian bookstore. The environment here is beautiful and the style is simple, reflecting the taste and pursuit of the owner. In addition to Sima Guang, the famous scholars of the time, Liu Shu, Liu Shu, and Fan Zuyu, all participated in the work of the bookstore.
Among them, Sima Guang served as the editor-in-chief, Liu Shu, Liu Shu, and Fan Zuyu were the assistants, and Sima Guang's son Sima Kang served as the editor-in-chief. After Sima Guang came to Luoyang, he moved the Zizhi Tongjian bookstore from Bieliang to Luoyang. In the Duyuan Garden, not only the staff of the bookstore lived permanently, but also the famous sages of Luoyang at that time, such as Ercheng, Shao Yong, Wen Yanbo, etc., often came to gather here, which can be called an academic center.
He said in the "Jinzizhi Tongjian Table": "The subject is paralyzed, his eyes are faint, his teeth are few, his consciousness is depleted, and he has forgotten it." The energy of the subject is exhausted in this book. Sima Guang devoted his life to this book, and within two years of writing it, he died of hard work. From the beginning of the Zizhi Tongjian to the deletion of the final draft, Sima Guang personally wrote it, not faking the hands of others.
The Zizhi Tongjian (Zizhi Tongjian) is the largest chronicle in China, with a total of 294 volumes, covering ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period of Han, Zhao, and Wei divided into Jin (403 BC), and down to the end of the five dynasties (Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou) Before the fall of Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu) before the fall of the Zhou Dynasty (959 AD), 1,362 years.
The author records the historical facts of these thirteen hundred and sixty-two years, according to the order of the times, with the years and months as the scriptures and the historical facts as the latitude, and records them in order; The causes and consequences of major historical events are clearly explained and the connections with various aspects, so that readers can clearly understand the development of historical facts at a glance.
At the time of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the historian Hu Sansheng said: "If you do not know the General Classics as a king, you want to rule but do not know the source of autonomy, and you do not know the art of preventing chaos when you are in turmoil." If you are a subject and do not know the General Book, you will have no way to do anything for the king, and you will not be able to rule the people below.
It is as if the use of soldiers to train the master, the creation of the law and the establishment of the system, and do not know the reason why the ancients gained, the reason why the ancients lost, then seek victory and defeat, for the sake of profit and harm, this is inevitable.
Wang Yinglin said: "Since the existence of the book deed, there has never been a person like the "General Commentary." Wang Mingsheng, a great historian of the Qing Dynasty, said: "There must be no books in this heaven and earth, and scholars must not fail to read books" "Seventeen Histories of Shangyu" Volume I.
Liang Qichao, a famous scholar in modern times, said when commenting on the Tongjian: "Sima Wengong's Tongjian is also a great text in heaven and earth. The grandeur of its structure and the abundance of its materials have made it impossible for future generations to write a general history, and it is inevitable that they will not be able to base it on it, and there is no one who can heal it so far. Wen Gong is also a great man!"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="162" > literature</h1>
Sima Guang's main energy in his life was spent on the revision of history and politics, and he did not think of himself as literature, and he commented that he was "not good at what he said was literature." But his knowledge is broad and profound, combining doing learning with writing articles, although he has no intention of working for the sake of writing. Sima Guang "should be a usable text, and respect the text to carry the Tao", believing that flashy poetry is useless, and what he praises is not poetry with rhetoric, but poetry that is plain and idle, expressing true disposition and true self.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="161" > scriptures</h1>
In terms of scripture, Sima Guang promoted Confucianism, vigorously dispelled the Buddha, and made many seminal interpretations of the Confucian scriptures, which Zhu Xi, together with the contemporaries Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Ercheng (程颢, Cheng Yi), and Zhang Zai, was called the "Sixth Master of Taoism" in the Northern Song Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="160" > calligraphy</h1>
Sima Guang's part of the calligraphy works Sima Guang has not survived many calligraphy works, his writing is thin and square, and every stroke and painting is written very regularly, even if it is long and large, it is not sloppy. Such a strong style of writing is also similar to his loyal and rigorous personality.
Sima Guang is mainly written in the main style of the main book, and there are more Lishu than lishu. The characteristics of its main book are: the pen is clearly pressed, the knot body is regular and flat, and at the point of the horizontal stroke of the pen, it often carries the intention and shape of the silkworm head and phoenix tail, which is obviously integrated into the tradition of the book.
The characteristics of the Lishu are: Chungu is not as good as Han Li, and the flow of beauty is not as good as Tang Li, but it uses the pen square to fold and cut, the pen force penetrates the end, the stroke is heavy and strong, and the knot body takes more vertical potential. Although the font is small, it is strong, and where it turns, it is sharp and sharp, and it is strong and soft. The lines are referenced in a straight arc, which is very beautiful in the simplicity. In addition to its subordinate law, it also has a clear meaning, and there is no common fatness and fullness of the general Tang Dynasty, and there is an angry but not threatening wind.
Sima Guangzhi's achievements in calligraphy are mainly due to his ability to learn and appreciate calligraphy and painting and golden stones, and according to his personal chest, he absorbs the strengths of all families, integrates the round strength of the Qin seal, the solemnity of han li, the implication of the Jin people, and the rigidity of Tang Kai, thus forming a distinct personal appearance and style, which is undoubtedly a unique and unique family in song calligraphy.
Huang Tingjian's "Treatise on the Book" once commented: "Wen Zhengyi's book is not very good, but the law is extremely strong, as if it were a person, the so-called left criterion, the right rule, the sound is the law, and the person who is a degree can imagine his style when you look at his book." Emperor Gaozong of Song also said: "Sima Guangli's calligraphy really resembles that of the Han People, and in recent times, the Mi Fu generation cannot be compared." There are five volumes of the Book of Light, and the day and night exhibition plays with its words endlessly. "
Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian Fragments"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="73" > personal work</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > books</h1>
Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to the Zizhi Tongjian, there are also eighty volumes of the Tongjian Essential Calendar, twenty volumes of the Ji Gulu, and six volumes of the Table of Hundred Officials and Secretaries of the Imperial Household. In addition, he has studied and written in literature, scripture, philosophy, and even medicine.
His major representative works include "Hanlin Poetry Grass", "Commentary on the Ancient Literature Classic", "Yi Shuo", "Zhu Tai Xuan Jing", "Zhu Yangzi", "ShuYi", "Traveling to the Mountains", "Continuing Poetry Treatment", "Medical Question", "Shushui Chronicle", "Class Chapter", "Sima Wenzheng Gongji" and so on. "Training and Thrift" was included in the high school Chinese textbook.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="82" > character evaluation</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="83" > overall review</h1>
Like Sima Guang, Sima Guang was an outstanding thinker and educator who was filial to his parents, friendly to his brothers, loyal to the king, trustworthy, respectful, frugal, upright, gentle and humble, and upright. Historically, Sima Guang was enshrined as one of the Three Noble Fathers of Confucianism (the other two being Confucius and Mencius). Everything he did had a law, and every word and deed he did and every action was in accordance with etiquette. When he was in Luoyang, every time he went to Xia County to visit the tomb, he must pass by the home of his brother Sima Dan. Sima Dan was nearly eighty years old, and Sima Guang still served him like a strict father, protecting him like raising a baby.
From childhood to adulthood, he never said a word casually, and he himself said: "I have nothing to surpass others, but what I have done in my life has never been ulterior motive." His sincerity came from nature, and everyone in the world respected and believed in him, and people around Shaanxi and Luoyang all took him as an example, compared with him, and learned from his good character. If people do something bad, they say, "Doesn't Sima Junshi know?"
Sima Guang had a very weak view of property and material enjoyment, had no hobbies, and was not unsophisticated in learning. He did not like Buddhism and Taoism alone, saying, "The subtle words and great righteousness of the Buddhist Tao cannot surpass my books, but I do not believe in the absurdities in them." He had three acres of land in Luoyang, and after his wife's death, he sold the land for funeral expenses. He spent his whole life in coarse tea and light food and ordinary clothes until his death.
However, Sima Guang's political career was not prominent, and he was regarded as a typical representative of the conservative thinking of ancient Chinese scholars, although he believed that "the new law established by Wang Anshi and others can be better than the old ones to survive", but in fact, because he was dissatisfied with Wang Anshi, he did not choose the best and inferior to do the new law, and also returned the land seized by the soldiers of the Shenzong Dynasty with their lives to the Western Xia free of charge. In the future, when the old and new parties are in contention, they will become a struggle for morale and power, and no longer focus on the operation of state affairs.
The Song Dynasty was defeated in many wars, the national situation had reached a situation where it could not be delayed, and Sima Guang still adhered to the patriarchal law and ethical guidelines to govern the country, but he could not put forward effective policy guidelines except for the new law. Zhu Xi praised Sima Guang, but said that "Yuanyou Zhuxian was closing the door and saying that he was rational" and that "Wen Gongzhi said that he did not take care of himself before and after, and was caught by him (Zhang Huan) one by one and knocked it out."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="88" > history book evaluation</h1>
"History of Song": Xining New Law Sick People, Hainei Riots, Loyal Words, Depression; Decent people, abandon it. The ministers of the amassion are advancing day by day, and the people will be abused by them for twenty years. When Fang is, the light retreats to Luo, and if it will be a lifetime. And the wise men and gentlemen of the world, as well as the philistines and foolish women, lead them day and night to the point of calling for the road, and may they not go to the imperial court, is it possible to get this for everyone with their wisdom and wisdom? Virtue is flourishing and sincere writings are also.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="90" > historical evaluations</h1>
Zhao Yan: (1) Sima Guangfang straight. (2) Those who have not been discussed, i.e., the Privy Council, have only seen this person since the ascension to the throne.
Lü Gong: Confucius is a saint, and the son's road is still circuitous. Meng Ke daxian, the people of the time are also called pedantic. Wouldn't that be a name? The big deal is far-reaching, but it's almost pedantic.
Wen Yanbo: (1) The work of the king is beyond the reach of the present people, and the ancients who must be sought. (2) Yan Bo stayed in Beijing, sent people into the Liao to investigate the affairs, and returned to the clouds: "Seeing the Liao lord feasting on the courtiers, the people playing dramas, those who make a crown will seize the favor when they see things, and there are those who will whip them from behind." A: Sima Duan ming evil!" Junshi cleared his name, so did in Yidi.
Cheng Yi: Reading a lot of people! Those who are not miscellaneous, Sima (邵雍), and Zhang (Zhang Zai) have three ears.
Shao Yong: (1) Junshi is also a down-to-earth person. (2) Junshi Jiufen also.
Su Shi: Faithful and filial piety, frugality and integrity, out of nature. Since he was young and old, his words have not tasted vain, his eagerness to learn is like a hungry appetite, and his wealth and profits are full of flowers, such as a foul smell, sincerity and nature, and the world believes in it. Retreating to Luo, going to and from the outskirts of Shaanxi, Shaanxi and Luo all transform their virtues, learn from them, practice law and frugality, and have bad qualities, saying: "Junshi has the peace of ignorance!" Erudite, music, calendar, astronomy, books, all of them are wonderful. There are good gifts in the evening festival, which is suitable for the ancient and modern ceremonies. Not happy, old, ... Its text, such as the Golden Jade Valley Medicine Stone, will be suitable for use, useless text, not a word and it.
An Min: The people are fools, and they don't know the meaning of the monument. But as Sima Xianggong was, Hai Nei called him upright, and now he is called a traitor, and the people cannot bear it.
Shao Bowen: Emperor Gai knows the key to governance: Ren Zaifu, uses TaiZhi, fears heaven and loves the people, and abides by the ancestral law. Shi Zaifu was known as Fu Bi, Han Qi, and Wen Yanbo, and Tai Zhi was known as Tang Jie, Bao Zheng, Sima Guang, Fan Zhen, and Lü Zhiyun. Whoops, looking at Zhou Zhicheng, Kang, Han Zhiwen, Jing, everything, there are more, so there is Song Zhisheng?
Zhao Kui: Sima Wengong is not close to non-color, does not take non-wealth, although I am not Xiao, Shu Ji Muzhi.
Ye Kui: If Li Xun, Wang Dan, Wang Zeng, Lü Yijian, Fu Bi, Han Qi, Sima Guang, and Lü Gongzhuo are the ones who keep their qualifications, they will examine their efficacy and test their talents, and this dynasty will also decide to use qualifications as the benefits of employing people.
Zhang Shi: Sima Wengong changed the new law, or advised him to prevent future troubles, and the public said: "If the heavens are in the Song Dynasty, there will be no such thing!" Regardless of one's own interests. Although a saint, but so to speak. It is close to the "final rulemaker".
Zhu Xi: (1) Public loyalty, filial piety, frugality and integrity are out of nature, and their eagerness to learn is like hunger and thirst, and their wealth and profits are like a foul smell; Sincerity and nature, the world believes in it. Retreating to Luo, going back and forth between Shaanxi and Luo, all of them have transformed their virtues, learned from them, and practiced frugality. There is no goodness: junshi is ignorant! Erudite knows everything.
(2) Wen Gong can be described as wise and courageous. His place of salvation is a very secondary! It is slightly larger and more learned. Its people are strict and upright.
The king said: How can a gentleman's use of the world be strong, but the hearts of the people, how can they be strong, and they have no desire, and push it to be sincere, and the world is loyal to renzong, and the great plan is determined, and the righteousness is the emperor, and the great lun is righteous, and the dao is the god sect, and the great name is established, the virtue is the zhezong, and the great instrument is safe, and the fang qi retreats to Luoye, if it is forgotten with the world, and together with it, then Ze is under the heavens, this is nothing but sincerity, and sincerity can make the heavens and the earth move, feel the ghosts and gods, and the situation is worse than the people? Therefore, its birth is also, China's four Yi look forward to its use, and its death, the city lane weeps and thinks of its virtue, and its ability to touch people's hearts is also the same, it is caused by manpower, and it has not existed since ancient times.
Lü Zhong: (1) Whoever is a noble minister must not have the wisdom of the world, but must have the virtue and hope of serving the world. Wang Anshi's change of the old law is enough to win people's trust by practicing it in his false name. Sima Guang therefore changed the new law, and he was the prime minister for fifteen years in Juluo, and the whole world was in the period. Ran An Shi his powerful subjects, Wen Gong and his heavy subjects.
(2) The kingdom of the heavenly generals must first be his gentlemen. The heavens will take YuanFeng as the Yuanyou, and Sima Guang will be given the same as the First Yuan. Heaven will make Yuan You a Shaosheng, and Sima Guangyou will not be left behind for several years. When it is, the new law has changed a lot, but the gentleman has not exhausted it, and the villain has not exhausted it. The public is here today, and the party meeting is already tomorrow. Time is still there, then the gentleman still has a foothold, there will be no disaster of friends, there will be no revenge. The survival of one body is also related to the two hundred years of chaos.
Wang Yinglin: Ouyang Zi (Ouyang Xiu) is a firm argument, and "not in the name of the Heavenly Ginseng People", or to discuss its loss. Sima Gong's learning is pure, and the saying that "Wang Ba has no different ways" may refer to his flaws. It's hard to believe what you say!
Ni Qian: Gongzhi was strong in the Song Dynasty, and the whole world knew it.
Sun Cheng'en: Xi Ning's advice, loyalty to the depth. Yuanyou Xiangye, spinning dry and turning Kun. There is no falsehood in the line, and there is no miscellaneous learning. A moral mellow, a hundred years of Qing Festival.
Sima Guang and Zhang Zai Li Tingji: Sima Guang entered the phase, and the new law was rested.
Kangxi Emperor: Sima Guangli's dynasty has been established, and there is no small thing to discuss. If there are only song ministers, it is rare to seek the past generations.
Li Guangdi: (1) In addition to Marquis Wu (Zhuge Liang), such as Guo Linggong (Guo Ziyi), Fan Wenzheng (Fan Zhongyan), and Sima Wengong, they all have the meaning of Mencius. (2) The Marquis of Wu had the means to compare the extravagant people with Sima Wengong. Wen Gong is a good man, and he has the ability to compete with Wu Hou?
Cai Shiyuan: Cai Ben Wang Zuo, Xue as an imperial master, Zhuge Wuhou, Lu Xuangong, Fan Wenzheng, Sima Wenzheng also.
Sima Guangli is like Gu Donggao: only the public is loyal, thick and straight, rooted in nature, learned, and honest. From young to old, deep and cautious, due to changes in events, there is no fault in movement. Therefore, its text is not highly curious, porridge is like a millet can cure hunger, ginseng can be sick.
"Songs of the Heroes of the Past Dynasties" :(1) Sima Li attacked the new law, and Zhongyan dared to speak up with integrity. (2) The Song Dynasty was called the Six Gentlemen, Lianxi Ming Dao Yichuan. Kangjie Hengqu is the same, wen gongjun is true.
Shi Yunyu: Familiar with the public name, outside China. Signing a judgment on Jusu is for the sake of affection.
Lu Yixiang: King Qian Wusu used a police pillow, Sima Wengong also used a police pillow, and King Xing and Xianxiang were the same.
Cai Dongfan: (1) In the end, An Bang is old and mature, and it is Qingping after borrowing a hand. How not to prolong life, sit to make good materials once poured.
(2) This huishu hangs the curtain after the high, and The Wen Gong enters the phase, and only as soon as the system is changed, it is seen that the government is clear and clear, and the people praise it.
However, Sima Guang is a righteous person of a generation, and he is still lost to Cai Jing, and the villain is dedicated and clever. The latter who slandered Sima Guang, that is, the head of Jing, and the Xifeng evil party, did not hear of the curse, so that the ashes were revived. People are called high queens and gentle princes, and jealousy is too strict, and I call them the wideness of their loss. Hou and Gong are old, for the sake of the aftermath, would it be better to tolerate it?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="122" > anecdotes</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="123" > family impact</h1>
Sima Guang lizi stone carvings like Sima Guang were influenced by his father's honest education and had integrity throughout his life. About five or six years old, once, he wanted to peel the walnut, he would not do it, his sister wanted to help him, but he could not remove it, the sister left first, and then a maid used hot soup to smoothly peel the walnut for him, and when the sister returned, she asked: "Who helped you do it?" He deceived his sister by himself, and his father reprimanded him: "How dare a boy lie?" Sima Guang did not dare to lie from then on, and when he grew older, he still wrote about this matter on paper and encouraged himself until his death, without telling a lie. Shao Yong's son, Shao Bowen, had also seen the paper. Chen Hongmou, a Qing dynasty man, said: "Throughout his life, Sima Guang has been mainly sincere and based on not cheating." Later generations' judgment on Sima Guang's coffin was also a "sincere" word.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="125" > broken urn to save friends</h1>
Once in the Sima Guang Tomb Scenic Area, Sima Guang and his friends played in the backyard. There is a large water tank in the yard, and there is a child who climbs on the rim of the tank to play, and accidentally falls into the water tank. The tank was deep, and I saw that the child was about to lose his roof.
When the other children saw that something had happened, they cried and shouted in fright, and ran outside to ask the adults for help. Sima Guang, however, was in a hurry, picked up a large stone from the ground, and smashed it into the water tank with all his strength, and with a "bang", the water tank broke, the water in the tank flowed out, and the children who were submerged in the water were also saved. Little Sima Guang was calm and calm, intelligent and clever, and had been a little adult since he was a child. This fortuitous event made Sima Guang famous, and some people in Tokyo and Luoyang painted this event as a picture, which was widely circulated.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="127" > sell horses in good faith</h1>
Sima Guang wanted to sell a horse, which had pure and beautiful fur, was tall and powerful, and had a gentle temperament, but unfortunately had lung disease in summer. Sima Guang said to the housekeeper, "This horse has lung disease in the summer, and this must be told to the buyer." The butler smiled and said, "Who is there anyone like you?" How can we sell horses and say what is wrong with others that people can't see?" Sima Guang did not agree with the butler's view, and said to him: "How much money a horse is is small, and it does not tell the truth to people, and it is a big thing to ruin the reputation of a man." We must be honest as human beings, and if we lose integrity, the loss will be even greater. The butler was ashamed to hear this.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="129" > low-key</h1>
Sima Guang's temperament is indifferent and does not like luxury, and he once mentioned in the "Training and Thrift shows kang" that after he was young, the elders would dress him in gorgeous clothes, and he was always shy and blushed and took it off. During the Middle Age of Bao yuan, he was received by Emperor Renzong. At the banquet, everyone planted flowers on their heads and played unscrupulously for fun, except for Sima Guang, who was sitting precariously and did not wear flowers. After being reminded by his peers, Sima Guang reluctantly put on a small flower.
Sima Guang had an old servant who always called him "Junshi Xiucai". Once, when Su Shi came to Sima Guang's mansion and heard the servant's name, he couldn't help but laugh and joked: "The master of your house is not Xiucai, he is already the prime minister, and everyone is called 'Junshi Xianggong'!" The old servant was taken aback, and when he saw Sima Guang later, he respectfully called him "Junshi Xianggong" and said happily: "Fortunately, Dasu Xueshi taught me..." Sima Guang fell to his feet and sighed: "This old servant of my family is badly damaged by zi Zhanjiao."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="132" > jian does not take concubines</h1>
Sima Guang's inscription version of the portrait of the Northern Song Dynasty scholar doctor lived a wealthy life and had the fashion of taking concubines and storing prostitutes. Sima Guang was like Wang Anshi and Yue Fei, an extremely rare person who did not take concubines or prostitutes. After more than thirty years of marriage, his wife Lady Zhang did not have children, and Sima Guang did not pay attention to it, nor did he think of taking a concubine to have children. Madame Zhang was in a hurry to die, and once, she bought a beautiful woman behind Sima Guang's back, quietly placed it in the bedroom, and then borrowed it herself to go out. Sima Guang saw it, ignored it, and went to the study to read a book. The beautiful woman also followed to the study, and after some scratching of her head, she took out another book, flipped it over casually, and asked delicately: "Sir, what book is Zhongcheng?" Sima Guang stood away from her, raised his face, and replied, "Zhongcheng is Shangshu, an official position, not a book!" The beauty was very bored and left disappointed.
Another time, Sima Guang went to the father-in-law's house to admire the flowers. Madame Zhang and her mother-in-law summed up and secretly arranged a beautiful lady.
Sima Guang was not polite and angrily said to Ya Gui, "Go away!" Madame is not here, and you have come to see me for what I have done!" The next day, the guests of the Zhang's family all knew about this and admired it very much, as if it was a copy of "Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun" with white heads and old men. Only one person laughed: "Unfortunately, Sima Guang can't play the piano, he can only kick the turtle!" Lady Zhang was lifelong childless, and Sima Guang adopted his brother's son "Sima Kang" as his adopted son.
Sima Guang was so dependent on his wife. Luoyang's lanterns will be famous in the world, every Lantern Festival, Mrs. Zhang wants to go out to see the lights, Sima Guang said: "The family also lights up, why go out to see?" Madame Zhang said, "Not only do you look at the lights, but you also casually look at the tourists." Sima Guang smiled and said, "Look at people? Strange, am I a ghost?"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="136" > buried his wife</h1>
Sima Guang's portrait Sima Guang lived in a very simple residence when he was editing the Zizhi Tongjian in Luoyang, so he opened another basement and read books. At that time, the chancellor Wang Gongchen was also living in Luoyang, and the mansion was very luxurious, and the middle hall was built on three floors, and the top floor was called Chaotian Pavilion, and the Luoyang people jokingly said: "The Wang family drills the sky, and Sima enters the earth."
After Sima Guang's wife died, the poor Sima Guang could not be buried, and could not come up with the money to do funerals for his wife, so he had to pawn out the only three acres of thin fields, put the coffin to manage the funeral, and fulfilled her husband's responsibilities. Sima Guang served as an official for nearly 40 years, and the official was so powerful that he buried his wife in a ceremonial manner. Rereading history makes people think deeply.
As the saying goes: three years of Qing prefect, 100,000 snowflakes of silver. In feudal society, most people read hard and entered the career path, all in order to show off the door, glory and wealth, ze to be the future generations, shade and descendants. In front of these people, Sima Guang's incorruptibility was even more precious. In March of the eighth year of Jiahu, Emperor Renzong of Song gave Sima Guang more than one million dollars in money and countless treasures in silk, but Sima Guang was not moved. When Sima Guang was old and infirm, his friend Liu Xianliang planned to use 500,000 yuan to buy a maid for him to summon, but Sima Guang politely refused, saying: "For decades, I did not dare to eat meat often, did not dare to have pure cloth, and wore more coarse cloth with magus, so how dare I take half a million cities and a wife?"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="139" > the book collection is real</h1>
In the Ming Dynasty, Qiu Ying painted the "Duyuan Garden Map" Sima Guangjia's collection was rich, and when he lived in Luoyang, he bought 20 acres of land and built a "Duyuan Garden", with more than 10,000 volumes of Tibetan history books. He also set up a "reading hall", and 5,000 volumes of the book of the essence of goodness, and 2,400 volumes of books given by the Divine Sect, were used to write. Good protection of books, every year between the two volts to chongyang, on the day of sunny weather, set up a case to expose books. The table is clean, the floor is covered with a quilt, and the household sits upright and reads a book. When reading a book, do not hold the book with your empty hand, lest your hands get wet with sweat. After decades of books, his books are still as new as if they were untouched.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="141" > Luoyang Elder Yinghui</h1>
After Sima Guang retired to Luoyang, he and Wen Yanbo, Fu Bi and thirteen other people, admiring the old affairs of the Baiju Yijiu Old Society, would gather the elderly and virtuous people of Luoyang, who believed that luoyang customs were important for age and not on official positions, so he built the "Qi Ying Hall" in the Zisheng Temple, called "Luoyang Qi Ying Hui", and let zheng Yi of the Min people paint a portrait in it.
At that time, Fu Bi was seventy-nine years old, Wen Yanbo and Si Fenglang Xi Ruyan were already seventy-seven years old, Wang Shanggong was seventy-six years old, Zhao Bing, the secretary of Taichang Shaoqing, Liu Ji, the secretary of the Weizhou Defense, and Feng Xingji, the defensive envoy of Weizhou, were all seventy-five years old, Chu Jianzhong and Wang Shenyan, the grand master of the Imperial Council, were seventy-two years old, and Zhang Qian, the grand master of Taizhong, and Zhang Tao, a scholar of Longtuge, were seventy years old.
At that time, Xuanhui made Wang Gongchen stay in Beijing (DamingFu) and wrote a letter to Wen Yanbo, wanting to attend their rally, Wang Gongchen was seventy-one years old. Only Sima Guang was not yet seventy years old, and Wen Yanbosu took a heavy look at him and used the old example of the Tang Dynasty's Nine Elders Di Jianjian to invite him to join. Sima Guang did not dare to be behind Fu and Wen because he was a late descendant.
Wen Yanbo did not listen, and asked Zheng Huan to pass on the portrait of Sima Guang from behind the scenes, and then to Beijing to pass on the portrait of Wang Gongchen, so there were thirteen people attending the meeting, and they drank wine and wrote poems to entertain each other. At that time, Luoyang had many famous gardens and ancient temples, with the scenery of water and bamboo forest pavilions, Sima Guang and others with snow-white hair and eyebrows, and a dignified and beautiful appearance. Every time a banquet was gathered, the people of Luoyang watched with them.