"Geometric Origin" was written by Xu Guangqi
After clarifying the truth of "The Same Text", it is not difficult to find that not only the "Geometric Original", but also the "Introduction to the Translation of the Geometric Original" signed by Matteo Ricci, were all written by Xu Guangqi.
1． Matteo Ricci's "Introduction to the Translation of Geometry" was written by Xu Guangqi
In fact, as long as we use our brains a little, just relying on the "Introduction to the Translation of the Original Geometry" is enough to prove that the "Geometric Origin" is a forgery of plagiarism of Chinese works.
"Translation of The Original Introduction to Geometry":
The geometrist, who is specific to the division of things, is also, and if the division is truncated as a number, it is manifested geometrically; if it is completely considered to be a degree, it refers to the geometric greatness of things. If its number and degree are separated from the object and are empty, then the number is established as an algorithmist, and the degree is also established as a methodist. Or the two are in the object, and the object is discussed, then the numberer is like a harmony in the sound, and the law of Lu Lejia, the deliberator is like moving the heavens and the fortune of the time, and the astronomer is also. These four major tributaries, the analysis of the hundred schools.
Its magnitude is so great that the heavens and the earth are... One of the measurements is based on the four hours of the Ming Dynasty... One of its builders is to honor the heavens and the earth...
Anyone who has read a little bit of the Twenty-Four Histories knows that the Lu Tongyuan family, who counted the laws of the astronomical calendar, was a tradition unique to China. As for the West, there is not even a unified weights and measures, so how can it be a "measuring law"?
There is no unified weights and measures in Western Europe, so how can we know that "things are geometric"? It is impossible to know "the geometry of things", how to produce "geometrists"?
As we said earlier, in Matteo Ricci's time, western Europe did not even have an observatory, so how can it be an "astronomer"?
Western Europe has no observatory and no astronomer, how to "build instruments to instrument the heavens and the earth"? How to "measure the size of heaven and earth"?
There is no climate of four seasons in Western Europe, so how can it be "the four seasons of the Ming Dynasty"?
Matteo Ricci's next words were overwhelmingly plagiarized of Chinese literature:
The healer does not know how to detect the five stars of the sun and the moon, and he looks at the sick body obediently and rebelliously, and the vain application of the medicine stone needle is either useless or harmful. Therefore, when I saw a small sickness, the miracle medicine did not work, less strong and more premature, and the ear could not be covered tomorrow.
Matteo Ricci said: European geometrists have compiled calendars to instruct doctors to treat patients according to the seasonal seasons; if doctors cannot accurately grasp the time of day when they see a doctor, it is impossible to cure the disease, resulting in the serious consequences of "less and more premature death". There is no doubt that this is an authentic Chinese theory, TCM says.
Matteo Ricci simply did not have the above knowledge, and it was even less likely that he would possess the following Chinese knowledge:
Good generals are anxious, first count the surplus of the army and horses, the terrain of the road is far and near, dangerous, wide and narrow, dead and alive; the second plan is to arrange the camp, the situation is appropriate, or use the circle to show the widow, or use the horn to show the public, or for the moon to encircle the enemy; or to make a sharp momentum to break up; and secondly, to plan all offensive and defensive equipment, to make a good calculation, to turn to victory, and the new and new ... As Zhongxia called the public loser, Mo Zhai nine attack nine refusals...
"Sun Tzu", "Mozi" and other Chinese sons and hundreds of words, Matteo Ricci can easily hand it!
Can a man who needs to interpret the GeometricAl Plains himself and be written by others Chinese write such a smooth and meticulous Chinese preface that quotes the scriptures?
In fact, as long as we calm down and read through the "Introduction to the Translation of Geometry", and then read the texts in Xu Guangqi's collection, it is not difficult to find that its style is the same! It is entirely certain that the "Introduction to the Translation of Geometry" must not have been written by Matteo Ricci, but by Xu Guangqi.
2． A companion piece to The Primitive Geometry
When people discuss the "Geometric Origins", they often limit themselves to the work itself and do not know the true face of Lushan.
In fact, at the same time, the "Geometric Original" of "Matteo Ricci Interpretation, Xu Guangqi Pen" also appeared "Measurement Law", "Measurement Similarities and Differences", "Pythagorean Meaning" of "Matteo Ricci Interpretation, Xu Guangqi Pen Acceptance", etc., to prove the development of Western astronomical geography; through all the topics, the axiomatic theorems of "Geometric Original" were cited to prove the practical value of "Geometric Original", with the purpose of opening the way for Matteo Ricci and others to participate in the revision of the calendar and control the National Astronomical Observatory.
Outsmart oneself. It is precisely this operation of Xu Guangqi that fully exposes the true face of "Geometric Original".
The scribes were clever and wanted to prove through the scribes that the Westerners were great mathematicians and astronomers whose level was much higher than that of China, but unfortunately, due to their lack of skill, they did not even understand the solution of the equations, and made a big joke.
During the Qianlong period, the "Outline of General Astronomical Algorithms", which compiled the four libraries of the whole book, pointedly pointed out:
One volume of "Surveying Law And Righteousness", one volume of "Measurement of Similarities and Differences", one volume of "Sentence Stock Meaning", and the Governor of Liangjiang adopted this book... However, only one end of the sentence strand is measured, so in the third volume, the meaning of the sentence strand is specifically discussed. The prologue quotes the "Zhou Pai", so the place where the legislation is clear is derived, and the origin of the Western art is also visible. Its words Li Yeguang's sentence and stock method is "Measuring the Round Sea Mirror", which no longer knows the author's meaning; it is also said that if he wants to say its meaning and not let alone it, it is not solved the Tianyuan Yifa, and the fallacy is to say it. Gu Li Tianyuan One Method, that is, the West Borrowing Root Method. When the People of the West come, there are also years, and the Book of YuYe, which is still incomprehensible, can cut off the root method, and must come from after it.
The compilers of the Siku Quanshu said: "Surveying Fayi" and the like can be seen at a glance as authentic Chinese goods; the level of Matteo Ricci and others is really too poor, and they have been in China for a long time, and they still do not understand the solution of equations, and it is certain that they must have had mathematical knowledge in this area after the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Until the end of the Ming Dynasty, the West did not even understand the cubic equations and solution equations, so what could "Geometric Original" be! What geometry can the West have!
3. The time and process of translation of the Primitive Geometry
At the latest, in the twenty-fourth year of the Wanli calendar (1596), Xu Guangqi joined the Society of Jesus (Shaozhou) and became a Christian.
In the thirty-second year of the Wanli Calendar (1604), Xu Guangqi entered the Priesthood and entered the Hanlin Academy as a Shujishi. In the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1607), after the closure of the museum, he served as a reviewer of the Hanlin Academy; soon after, he returned home to keep the system. In the thirty-eighth year of the Wanli Calendar (1610), the system ended and he returned to Beijing to continue to serve as a reviewer of the Hanlin Academy. The Hanlin Academy was the secretarial office of the emperor and the most authoritative organ of the imperial court, and had the conditions to read all the books in the Central Library.
It was during this period, when Xu Guangqi had the richest source of literature, that the "Geometric Origins" and its companion articles "Measurement Law And Meaning", "Measurement Similarities and Differences", "Pythagorean Meaning" and other books emerged.
癸卯冬 (匫卯冬, 1603), then Wuxia Xu Taishi came. Taishi is both meticulous, good at writing, and has been friends with the travelers for a long time, and it is not difficult to write a book with private calculations and translations; at the time, he was calculated to be with him, and chun recommended the Nangong, and was selected as Shu Chang, but the secretary of the Reading Party... Ke Qiu, is to inquire about Xi Yu's karma, Yu Yi's real righteousness. And the tan geometrists said that Yu wei described the essence of this book, and the difficulty of Chen's translation, and has always been in the middle of the dropout... Sir, he did his job, passed it on orally, and accepted it with his pen. Repeat the rotation, to meet the meaning of this book, to repeat the revision in the text of the Middle Summer, and to change the draft three times. Mr. Qin, Yu did not dare to bear the slack, so far the spring head, its most important first six volumes, won the death of the karma ... Wanli Dingwei (Wanli Thirty-five Years, 1607) Tessili Matteo
The gist is: In the winter of the thirty-first year of the Wanli Calendar, Xu Guangqi entered Beijing to take the exam and came to visit me. Given that Xu Guangqi is serious, good at writing, and has been friends with me for a long time, I think that if I have Xu Guangqi's support and cooperation, it will not be difficult to translate the Geometric Original. The following year, Xu Guangqi entered the priesthood and was selected to enter the Hanlin Academy as a Shu Jishi and continue his studies. In the autumn of that year he came to me and inquired about the European schools and the imperial examination system, and instead of talking to him about this, he told him about the science of qualities. When it comes to geometry, I say: "The Original Geometry" is a very good book, but it is difficult to translate, and it has been translated many times before, but it has not been successful. Xu Guangqi was impressed by my words, so he asked me to interpret, he wrote, and constantly discussed and discussed, trying to be in line with the original meaning of the "Geometric Original". The two worked together to change their manuscripts three times. In the spring of the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1607), the first six most important volumes were finally translated. That is, the translation of the "Geometric Original" began in the winter of the thirty-first year of the Wanli Calendar and ended in the spring of the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar, a little more than three years ago.
This statement is obviously false.
First of all, Xu Guangqi was elected to the Hanlin Academy as a Shu Jishi after entering the priesthood, which is equivalent to a postdoctoral study, and the academic burden is heavy, and it is difficult to have the opportunity to accompany Matteo Ricci to "pass on the oral tradition of life and write by himself". According to the article, they used the time spent a little more than three years to complete the translation of the book. In fact, in the past three years, Xu Guangqi's total leisure time has only added up to ten months. Matteo Ricci, on the other hand, was keen to travel around the bureaucracy to collect Christians, and he must have made extensive use of the officials' rest time. Therefore, many times, the leisure time of Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi is not suitable. The two worked together sporadically and intermittently, all together for a maximum of five months. In just five months, can the two complete the translation of an academic work in the form of "oral transmission of life and self-acceptance"? Totally impossible!
Secondly, as mentioned earlier, Matteo Ricci's Chinese level is not generally poor. Matteo Ricci said the book was difficult to translate, and several translations were abandoned halfway. Apparently, Matteo Ricci also admitted that his Chinese was poor enough to undertake the translation of the book. With Matteo Ricci's level of Chinese, Xu Guangqi had to spend a lot of time every time he "wrote a pen".
Third, what Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci said contradicted each other. In Xu Guangqi's pen, Matteo Ricci not only Chinese very well, but also every time he translated a book, Matteo Ricci kept improving, and repeatedly personally revised the translated works in detail, such as Xu Guangqi's "Title "Geometric Original" Re-proofreading":
It is a book (referring to the "Geometric Original") engraved in Ding Weinian
, BanLiu Kyoshi. Peng Shenchun, Mr. Li sent it in the proofreading book... Ji Gengji went north, and Mr. Ji was not finished. A copy of the suicide note was obtained, and those who were later self-employed were all handwritten.
According to Xu Guangqi, after Matteo Ricci interpreted the "Geometric Original" to Xu Guangqi, and the two of them jointly revised and published it into a book, Matteo Ricci once again made a detailed revision of the published "Geometric Original" and sent the revised "correction" to Xu Guangqi, who returned to his hometown in Shanghai, and asked Xu Guangqi to find a way to publish it. Two years later, Xu Guangqi returned to Beijing from Shanghai to work, and Matteo Ricci was dead. Xu Guangqi found in his relics that Matteo Ricci had completed the third revision of the Geometric Primitives. Thus, there was the so-called second edition of the Geometric Primitives.
Matteo Ricci has such a Chinese level, and asking Xu Guangqi and others to translate is purely superfluous!
4． Xu Guangqi's grandson said
Xu Guangqi, like Li Zhizao, can sacrifice everything for Christianity. These copies not only gave the right of authorship to Western missionaries, but also fabricated all kinds of lies to defend this act of falsification.
In order to maintain the "originality right" of Matteo Ricci's "Geometric Original", Xu Guangqi said in the "Title "Geometric Original" Re-Proofreading":
It is a book engraved in Ding Wei nian, Ban Liu Jing Shi. Peng Shenchun, Mr. Li sent it with a correction book, so that there are good people in the south to re-engrave it, and there is nothing in the past few years, and the schoolbook is left in the school. Ji Gengji went north, and Mr. Ji was not finished. A copy of the suicide note was obtained, and those who were later self-employed were all handwritten.
According to Xu Guangqi, the first edition of the GeometricAl Plains was an interpreter by Matteo Ricci, who wrote a transcript; the second edition was revised by Matteo Ricci himself and sent to Xu Guangqi; and a relic of "proofreading is handwritten" left by Matteo Ricci after his death.
Curiously, in 1610, Matteo Ricci died. In 1633, 23 years after Matteo Ricci's death, Xu Guangqi died. After Xu Guangqi's death, his grandson discovered Xu Guangqi's personally revised "Geometric Original" "Three Schools".
In response to this magical "three schools", Xu Guangqi's grandson Xu Ermo said very differently, "The Original Three Schools of Geometry":
The Geometric Primitives... Xi Wan Li Ding Wei, the Interpretation of the Tai Xi Li Clan and the Xianwen Ding Gong, the Xianwen Ding Gong Pen received and described the pamphlet, justified its falsification, deleted its compound vine, and paid for it. After five years of hard work, it will be re-proofed and reproduced. There are still many points in this book, and the strokes of the Xinhai Dynasty are also.
Xu Ermo maintained that the first edition of the Geometric Original was interpreted by Matteo Ricci and transcribed by Xu Guangqi, but emphasized that Xu Guangqi also did the work of "correcting its falsification and deleting its revival" and completed its publication. With a little attention, you can understand that Xu Guangqi's level is much higher than Matteo Ricci's.
Xu Ermo also said that in the year of Xinhai, a year after Matteo Ricci's death, that is, in the thirty-ninth year of the Wanli Calendar (1611), Xu Guangqi began to revise the book, and then published a second edition. That said, the second edition has nothing to do with Matteo Ricci.
More crucially, Xu Ermo confirmed that the third edition was Xu Guangqi's autographed revision of the second edition, as evidenced by Xu Guangqi's "multi-point channeling" of "Xinhai's handwriting after the Xinhai Dynasty".
Xu Ermo's words have proved that the real author of "Geometric Origins" is Xu Guangqi himself.
The next remarks of the "Three Schools of Geometry" clearly state that Xu Guangqi is the real author of "Geometric Original":
The translation was forwarded to The Western Soil... In this way, the first public in mathematics comes from nature, and specially borrows the Western language to send the imperial ear, and the mediocrity is not two phases but two phases!
Xu Ermo said: My grandfather was a mathematical genius, and what he did was just a Christian who used "foreign language" to show his talent! Xu Guangqi used his talent to achieve the "scientific" aura on the head of the Jesuits, and the Jesuits repaid the favor and awarded Xu Guangqi the highest honor of "Paul", which is the so-called "two phases and two get together".
The most interesting thing is that the Chinese "translation" of the Original Geometry was once sent to Europe! What is it for in the West? Unlimited imagination space!
5. Conclusion
Xu Guangqi is a devout Christian.
Xu Guangqi took advantage of his service at the Hanlin Academy and the opportunity to read the books in the imperial library to plagiarize Chinese literature and write the Geometric Primitives, entrusted with matteo Ricci, in order to achieve the purpose of mythological Jesuits, bringing them into the astronomical observatory of the imperial court and participating in the revision of the calendar.
After the publication of the Original Geometrics, Xu Guangqi faithfully continued to revise, so he published the second and third editions.
Xu Guangqi's faithfulness to the Society of Jesus was indeed rewarded: he was canonized as Paul by the Holy See.
Source: People without borders
!["What to save you and my Daming" - Xu Guangqi's mercenary strategy[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)