The first small part of the New Chinese Language (I) Book I Lesson 1: People
First, review the association
We're just learning one word today, people.
Looking back at the first small part of "New Self-Cultivation" (I), which articles have the word "person" in it?
1. Book III, Lesson 2 "Hygiene"
The two brothers, diligent in gymnastics, physical strength. (Action tips, do the exercises)
2. Book III, Lesson 15 "To Fight"
Eat with others, do not compete for food; walk with people, do not compete. (Action tips, eating)
3. Book IV Lesson 1 "Occupation"
Cats catch mice, dogs guard the door, each doing its own thing, people have no profession, not as good as cats and dogs. (Language tips, cats and dogs)
4. Book IV, Lesson 3 "Bravery" (I)
In the fourteenth year of the reign of The Patriarch, when there were thieves, he stood up and refused, stealing more than ten people and not allowing them to enter the house. (Language tips, robbers)
5. Book IV, Lesson 11 "Friendship"
Xu Zhanzhi traveled, with his brother in the same car, the wheels suddenly folded, passers-by came to the rescue, Zhan Zhiling first hugged his brother to go, and then went down. (Language tips, carriages)
6. Lesson 14 of Book IV "Don't Speak Falsely"
Sima Guang, from his youth to his old age, has not tasted nonsense, tasted what I have done in my life, and there is no one who cannot tell. (Language Tip: Nonsense)
2. The spirit of all things is man
seal script
Clementi
The shape of an elephant arm shin
What are the broad categories of living things on Earth? Plants, animals, and another kind that we can't see with the naked eye, called microorganisms. Plants are flowers, trees, and so on. As for the animals, there are those who fly in the sky, those who run on the ground, those who swim in the water, and those who jump in the grass. As for the microorganisms, you have to look at them with a microscope. What category does that person belong to in this animal, plant, or microorganism? It should be animals. Do you know what the ancients called people? I guess most people probably don't know, called worms. Tigers are called big worms, and snakes are called long worms.
The ancients divided insects into five categories, namely mesozoans, also known as beetles (five elements of gold), caterpillars (five elements of wood), scales (five elements of water), feathers (five elements of fire), and insects (five elements of earth).
Mesembranous insects are the kind of people with carapaces on their bodies, such as turtles. Caterpillars are the kind of hairy people on their bodies, like tigers, lions, cats, and dogs. Feather insects are a type of feathered and can fly, and birds are feathered insects. Of course, the insects are red-striped, and the kind that can see the flesh at a glance is like the category of the insects.
"Yellow Emperor Neijing Su Qing": "Caterpillars are three hundred and sixty, and Lin is long." The feathers are three hundred and sixty, and the phoenix is long. The scales are three hundred and sixty, and the dragon is long. Three hundred and sixty insects, the turtle is long. Three hundred and sixty worms, long for man. ”
"Cheng Zhen Meng Xuetang Character Lesson Diagram Says": "The spirit of all things knows man. The shape of an elephant arm shin. Three hundred and sixty worms, for which the saints grew. ”
3. People and poetry
1. "Painting"
Wang Wei (Tang)
Look at the mountains from a distance, and listen to the water silently.
Spring flowers are still there, and people and birds are not alarmed.
2. "Birdsong"
People idle osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet in the spring mountain sky.
The moonrise frightens the mountain birds, and when the song is in the spring stream.
3. "Remembering the Shandong Brothers on September 9"
Alone in a foreign land for strangers, every festive season to think of relatives.
The Haruka brothers ascended to the heights, and there was one less person planted everywhere.
4. People, Geography and History
"Painting", "Birdsong Stream", "September 9Three Remembering the Shandong Brothers", the author of these three poems is the same person, named Wang Wei, the word Ma Jie, the number Of Ma Jie resident.
His name and characters and numbers are derived from the name of a lay bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism, this bodhisattva is called Vimalaksha, or simply Mahāsā, which means pure name or dirtless dust. Wang Wei's mother believed in Buddhism, and when she named her son, she put her faith in it.
In the southwest of present-day Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, there is a valley called The River, where Wang Wei built a garden and named it The River. In fact, Wang Wei was rebuilt on the basis of the Lantian Villa of his predecessor Song Zhiwen (present-day Fenyang, Shanxi).
Where is Wang Wei from? Yes, Yuncheng people. Do you know where the teacher is? Yes, I am also a Yuncheng person, and Wang Wei is my hometown, so where is Yuncheng?
Let's look at the map of Shanxi
In the southernmost part of Shanxi, the place marked by the red line is called Yuncheng. The place marked with the red line above is called Lvliang, which is where we are. The blue wavy lines indicate the Yellow River. The Yellow River flows from west to east to sea and finally into the Bohai Sea.
Then if Wang Wei were standing in front of us now, and you said he was from Yuncheng, he wouldn't admit it. He would say he was from Puzhou, Hedong Province. This is because in the Tang Dynasty, the place of Yuncheng was not called Yuncheng, it was called Puzhou, and it belonged to Hedong Province.
Hedong Province has jurisdiction over the east of the Yellow River, hence the name, leading Taiyuan Province and Pu, Jin, Dai, Ci, Kui, Fen, Qin, Liao, Lan, Shi, Xin, Dai, Yun, Shuo, Wei, Lu, Ze, a total of 18 prefectures. Zhihezhong (治河中; present-day Yongji County, Shanxi) was based in present-day Shanxi Province and northwestern Hebei Province.
The "Dao" of Hedong Province is an administrative division, similar to today's "province", "Dao" began to appear in the Qin and Han Dynasties, at first at the same level as the county, specifically used in remote areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, the Geographical Records of the Book of Han explained as "there are barbarian Yi Yue Dao" or "county lord Barbarian Yi Yue Dao". In the Sui and Tang dynasties, the expedition was often named after the direction of the direction, "so-and-so road", and the commander of the army was called "the commander of the march of so-and-so road".
For example, when attacking Goguryeo, the grand commander of the Pyongyang Province March, the Grand Commander of the Liaodong Province, and so on. Later, this term was also used in internal affairs and civil affairs, and at the beginning of the merger of counties (or prefectures), the first-level administrative districts were only used as supervision and geographical units when there were fewer, and gradually became substantive first-level administrative districts after the increase of prefectures and counties, evolving from the two-level system of prefectures and counties to the three-level system of Daozhou county.
To this day, North and South Korea still use "Dao", which is a first-level administrative region, equivalent to the provinces of many countries, and the scope and scale are equivalent to the prefecture-level cities in China. Before the Meiji era, there were also "provinces" in Various places, but at present there is only one, namely Hokkaido, which is at the same level as the capital, prefecture, and prefecture, and is customarily collectively referred to as "prefectural prefecture".
Then if we live in the Tang Dynasty and meet Wang Wei, he asks where you are from, what do you have to say? You have to say that you are a native of Shizhou, Hedong Province, and shizhou at that time is today's lishi.
If Wang Wei asks you how old you are, you will say that you are eight or ten years old. So you ask wang wei how big? He would ask, little friend, what year is this year? You told him it was 2019. Then he might have to snap his fingers and count, telling you that I was born in 701, and I died when I was 61 years old, 1319.
Just now we said, which dynasty is Wang Wei from? tang dynasty.
Then do you know how this "Tang" character of the Tang Dynasty came from?
Chinese historical dynasties are calculated from the Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty, referred to as Xia Shang Zhou. The Zhou Dynasty was divided into Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou. After the death of King Wu of Western Zhou (姬发), his son Ji Shu (姬妃) ascended the throne, known historically as King Cheng of Zhou, who was enfeoffed to his younger brother Ji Yu (姬虞) after the destruction of the Tang Kingdom (in present-day Shanxi), and today the Jin Ancestral Hall enshrines Tang Shuyu and his mother Yi Jiang, who is the daughter of Lü Shang (Jiang Ziya), the Duke of Qi. After the death of Tang Shuyu, his son Ji Xie moved the capital to Jinshui and changed the name of the country to Jin.
In the last year of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the crowds were everywhere, "Ernai Yang Sui lost deer, Li Tang Longxing." Jinyang hid the armor of rebellion, and Emperor Taizong raised the army of Jingnan. (Guohua Academy Recitation Chapter 116: "Fenjiu Fu") When Li Yuan and Li Shimin father and son established the national name, they adopted the ancient name "Tang" in the land of Longxing, which is the origin of the tang name, and Taiyuan was also known as the Dragon City.
In the twentieth year of Zhenguan, that is, in 646, After the failure of his conquest of Goryeo, Li Shimin returned to Chang'an via Taiyuan ("Beijing Fayuan Temple", written by Li Ao, as described in this regard, the predecessor of Fayuan Temple, the Temple of Mercy, was built for the soldiers who died in the war in Goryeo), went to the Jin Temple to pay homage to Tang Shuyu, and wrote a stone inscription "Jinci Inscription and Sequence" to commemorate it.
Text/Yang Guohua