An interview 44 years ago, looking for the footprints of "Flying General" Huang Gongluo (II)

Interview Selection IV

Li Jukui (1904.12-1995.6), former political commissar of the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army, was a founding general and a native of Anhua, Hunan. In the interview, he proudly said: "Commander Huang is brave and good at fighting, has repeatedly accomplished miraculous feats, and is worthy of an outstanding general of my Red Army." ”

From December 1 to 2, 1977, Comrade Xie Bingzhong and I (deceased) went to the General Staff Third Guest House, No. 1 Toutiao, Baiguang Road, Guang'anmen, Beijing, to visit General Li Jukui, former member of the Central Committee and political commissar of the Plaster's Liberation Army. Because, we have met once at the home of Deputy General Director Peng, and he said very kindly: "We have met for the second time." "A burly, kind and respectable military commander stood in front of us, and we felt particularly cordial and warm.

After first briefly describing his battle history, Commissar Li cheerfully recounted: "In October 1928, the Fifth Red Army gathered in the Golden Cave for rest. At that time, Comrade Gongluo was nearly 30 years old, serving as the commander (commander) of the second column, wearing a gray twill Zhongshan suit, wearing a large hat, and hanging a shell gun on his shoulder. One of our 28 regiments, Zhuo Xiong, who was only 19 years old, became a company commander. Every time the military headquarters held a meeting, the small company commander Bi respectfully saluted Commander Huang with a raised hand, and Comrade Gongluo gently stroked Xiao Zhuo's head with one hand and said with a smile, "Little company commander, you are here, please sit down." In May 1929, I served as the commander of the Eighth Brigade of the Third Column of the Fifth Red Army, and was ordered to return from Yongxin, Jiangxi to Pingjiang and Liuyang in Hunan to meet the Second Column led by Comrade Huang Gongluo. In October, he followed Comrade Huang Gongluo to Yongxin to form the Red Sixth Army (later renamed the Red Third Army). Huang Gong was appointed commander, and I was the commander of the nine detachments of the three columns of the army. Since then, he has been working with Captain Huang. ”

"In the Xianggan Border Region and the first, second, and third anti-encirclement and suppression battles that turned thousands of miles, Commander Huang played a major role in leading the Red Army. In the first anti-encirclement and suppression campaign (the Battle of Longgang), Zhang Huizhan, commander of the enemy's 18th Division, was captured alive and all the officers and men of Zhang Huizhan's guard battalion were captured; in the second anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the Red Third Army secretly set up an ambush and condescended to encircle the enemy's 28th Division of Gongbing Domain stationed in Tomita, destroying the enemy's command organ in one fell swoop. Comrade Mao Zedong once praised in the words "Fisherman's Pride and Anti-Second Great Encirclement and Suppression" that "the guns are forced, and the flying generals are self-respecting." Since then, Huang Gongluo and the Red Third Army led by him have the reputation of 'Flying General'; in the third anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the Red Third Army fought alone in the old camp, took advantage of the victory and pursued and fought fiercely, annihilating an independent brigade of the enemy Jiang Dingwen. At that time, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and General Political Commissar Mao smiled happily after hearing this, and said in unison: Good! Well played! Huang Gongluo fought a big victory. ”

"Commander Huang's life was hard and simple, he had close ties with the masses, and during the training camp in Donggu, the enemy army was heavily besieged and blocked the supply, and our life was extremely difficult, and he called on us to rely on ourselves and tide over the difficulties, and our regiment prepared for war on the one hand and looked for food on the other. A company had only one liter of rice per meal, so we mobilized our warriors to go up the mountain to pluck bamboo shoots, go down to the field to pick up the snails, grind a little bit of rice into powder, mix it with the bamboo shoots and field snails, and cook it into a big pot of thin paste to fill the hunger. One day, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and Commander Huang led more than 100 cadres at or above the whole regiment to our regiment to inspect the work. I was the head of the regiment, and as the host, I invited them to join us in a 'good meal'. I immediately greeted The Commander of He Company behind my back, let the people who checked eat first, and then you can think of a way! He Lianchang agreed with a full mouth. The comrades of the company cooking class carried a large pot of paste out, and the comrades who inspected each filled a bowl. I held up the bowl and shouted, 'I'm sorry guys, I don't have a good reception today, please eat a bowl of battlefield smorgasbord without salt and oil.' Zhu and Huang said in unison, "Delicious, delicious!" Mountain treasures and seafood, bamboo shoots and snail feast. After the meal, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and Commander Huang found out that they had eaten the lunch of the soldiers of the three companies, what should they do? After pondering for a moment, he decided to go down to the field to pick up the snails. That night, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and Commander Huang went barefoot. Together with the soldiers of the 27th Regiment, they held up the lit pine oil firewood and were busy picking up field snails in the vast fields! After a night of hard fighting, everyone poured the snails they had picked into a large wooden basin. Since then, the story of Commander Huang and Commander-in-Chief Zhu picking up snails with the soldiers has been widely praised in the donggu countryside. ”

He once wrote a book entitled "On Guerrilla Tactics," advocating that 'the gods are destroyed by the gods; the other gathers me scattered, and the other scatters my set; day and night strike, and the whole is reduced to zero.". And the book was printed and distributed to the military as training materials. The above-mentioned guerrilla tactics summed up by Huang Gongliu are almost identical to the sixteen-character recipe of 'the enemy advances and we retreat' created by Member Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu at Jinggangshan. It has become an important historical material in the history of guerrilla warfare in the early days of our Red Army. ”

Interview Selection V

Chen Qihan (1897.8-1981.6), former chief of staff of the Red Third Army, held the rank of general and was a native of Xingguo, Jiangxi. During the interview, he said excitedly: "Comrade Huang Gongluo, the great righteousness destroys relatives, regards death as a homecoming, and the spirit of gongluo lives on with the world." ”

Interviewed in Beijing on November 29, 1977. Comrade Huang Shixin, the daughter of General Huang Gongluo, accompanied us to visit General Chen Qihan, former chief of staff of the Three Red Armed Forces and later president of the Military Court.

Dean Chen Qihan is already an eighty-year-old man, moving very slowly, and can only lean on the chair and talk to us slowly. His old memory was still good, and he whispered to us: "I am a native of Gannan Province, and at first I was a township chief, and after I cooperated with the Red Army in fighting guerrillas, after the capture of Ji'an, I became the chief of staff of the Red Third Army." I fought with Comrade Huang Gongluo and crushed the enemy's encirclement and suppression many times. He fought very bravely, and Comrade Mao Zedong's poems include the sentence 'There is a red corner on the other side of Ganshui, and the partial teacher borrows Huang Gongluo', which is a high evaluation of him, which is well known. ”

"Now I would like to talk only about the two things that impress me the most: first, I am loyal to the party by destroying my relatives in a righteous way; second, I have made meritorious contributions to the revolution and regard death as a homecoming."

"About the matter of 'great righteousness and annihilation of relatives'. At that time, it had long been a beautiful word in the central Soviet area. I remember that on June 16, 1931, Huang Meizhuang, the elder brother of Commander Huang Jun, with an ulterior motive of persuading Huang Gongluo to "correct" himself, pretended to be serious and sneaked into Jian'an in the Soviet district, where he was caught by Peng Dehuai's subordinates. After careful consideration, Chairman Mao, through the General Staff Office, telegraphed Comrade Huang Gongluo overnight to solicit his opinion on how to deal with his elder brother. At this time, it was already late at night, and Huang Gongluo had already lifted his pen several times and put it down several times. He walked around the room with his hands behind his back, his mind full of anger, hatred, pain, impatience, and other extremely complex thoughts, fiercely fighting, like a volcano about to erupt. At that time, I saw it in my eyes and was anxious in my heart, so I proposed to Comrade Huang Gongluo to let me reply to the Central Committee on my behalf, but he categorically refused. ”

"Comrade Gongluo said with a straight face: 'In the face of major events, I must never evade, nor can I be emotional, and I must make a correct answer myself,' and he wrote a reply to the Central Military Commission immediately. Now I just remember one sentence in the letter: 'One cut, two cuts'. He took a clear-cut stand in expressing his revolutionary stand to Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu. The fact that this great righteousness and extermination of relatives fully shows that Comrade Gongluo's stand is firm and his fighting spirit is also very strong. ”

Elder Chen also recounted the scene of Comrade Gongluo's blood spilling on Liudu Pass: "At noon on September 15, 1931, the weather was clear and the troops were moving, and when they reached Liudu Pass near Donggu, they suddenly encountered several enemy planes attacking. At that time, Comrade Gongluo and the vanguard troops had long been hidden, and it was at this time that he learned that the troops of the Seventh Division were still marching, and immediately jumped out of the tunnel and commanded the unit to quickly covert counterattack. Suddenly, a crazy enemy plane dropped a criminal bomb, and Comrade Gongluo was unfortunately seriously wounded, bleeding profusely, and was in danger. 'Fast, fast, fast, quickly organize rescue,' I and Qian Zhuanghui, the captain of the health team, quickly supported Commander Huang and quickly sent it to the field military medical department for rescue... However, due to his serious injuries and extremely poor medical conditions, after many rescues were ineffective, Comrade Huang Gongluo passed away at 7:30 p.m. on the same day. ”

After Huang Gongluo's sacrifice, Chairman Mao was so grief-stricken that he tearfully drew up a long poem:

The Guangzhou riots did not die, the Pingjiang riots did not die, and now they are sacrificed, and they hate the catastrophe that fell from the sky;

Revolutionary wars have made meritorious contributions, guerrilla warfare has made meritorious contributions, and he has been brave all his life, so as to teach future generations to succeed the king.

Interview Selection VI

Comrade Gao Shuguan (1914-1985), former deputy commander of the Henan Provincial Military Region, a native of Futian, Ji'an, Jiangxi. He said with infinite affection: Commander Huang is really a good party member, a good cadre, a good commander, a good leader of mine, and a good chief of mine.

On June 22, 1978, the visitors of our county made a special trip to the Zhengzhou Jinshuiqiao Guest House to visit Comrade Gao Shuguan.

He said: "In the winter of 1929, I was transferred to serve as a service soldier in front of Commander Huang Gongluo of the Red Army. I was only thirteen years old at the time and worked with him for about two years, until he died. Although it has been forty-eight years since I left him, he has left a deep impression on me. He was characterized by his loyalty to the Party, and he had very close relations with Commissar Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and he often went to Commissar Mao's place, and I accompanied him twice. Committee member Mao also came to Commander Huang several times. Committee member Mao attached great importance to Huang Gongluo, and what Member Mao wrote was returned to Commander Huang. I remember that the "Resolution of the Ninth Party Congress of the Fourth Red Army" (that is, the resolution of the Gutian Conference) drafted by Member Mao was handed over to Huang Gongluo. Commander Huang had even greater respect for Commissar Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and what he had written in his own handwriting asked me to show to Commissar Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and they were resolute in carrying out their opinions and instructions. In terms of life, they care about each other even more, Commander Huang likes to eat chili peppers, and Commissioner Mao also likes to eat chili peppers, and Commander Huang jun has got chili peppers several times, and he wants me to send a little to Commissar Mao. They came together, talked and laughed, and were intimate. ”

"He treats people kindly, modestly, cautiously, loves cadres and cares for soldiers. I didn't go to school, but I can say that I can't read a word, and the words 'Chinese Communist Party' were written by him. He also gave me a textbook of "Chinese" from elementary school, which I kept until the Long March crossed the meadow and threw it away. The Red Third Army was reorganized from local troops, and the cadre contingent was relatively complex, and because of his patient education, he paid attention to doing political and ideological work. He was the commander of the three services and the representative of the three services (that is, the political commissar and the secretary of the standing committee), and he often conducted political and ideological education for cadres and soldiers, and talked about the purpose and future of the Chinese proletarian revolution. Strengthen everyone's revolutionary confidence and establish a revolutionary outlook on life. For decades, I have followed the party and Chairman Mao, from Jinggangshan to the Long March, to the Yan'an Anti-Japanese War, to liberate the whole of China, to resist the United States and aid Korea, and to persist in the revolution until now, which is inseparable from The education given to me by Huang Junjun. ”

Although Commander Huang had one of us by his side, a messenger, a porter, and a cook. We were supposed to have come to serve his war and his basic life, but he never wanted to add more trouble to us. He always advised us to rest. He eats very simply, and likes greens and peppers. He sometimes ran to the company for dinner. When the war started, I didn't eat for a day, so I chased him in a lunch box, and I couldn't eat for a day. The clothes he wore did not change for months, and some of them were worn as rotten fabrics. Sleeping at night, often not taking off clothes, not washing feet, maintaining a strong habit of guerrilla warfare. He also said to the soldiers in a serious tone: "Today, we are struggling hard to lay the foundation of the country and bring benefits to future generations!" ”

He had a close relationship with the masses. Every time he went to the camp, he would talk to the masses for a symposium and a heart-to-heart talk, and the masses loved him very much; some old cousins often sent him things, such as chickens and eggs, and the masses handed them over to me. In Xingguo, once an old watch sent a hen, I saw the military commander working hard all day, life was extremely hard, the body was getting thinner and thinner, I handed the hen to the cooker and steamed it for him to eat. He asked where the chickens had come from. I lied and said that I bought it, and he asked where the money came from, where it came from, and traced it little by little, but I couldn't answer it, and after finding out, he severely criticized me and asked me to promise that I would not commit such a violation of discipline again in the future, and at the same time, he brought this cooked chicken to the cauldron of the company soldiers and let everyone eat it together. This is how Commander Huang set strict demands on himself.

The biggest feature of Huang Junchang is that he loves to learn, and he has more books than clothes and luggage. I have a big bag dedicated to him, and I have to read books in the gap between marching and fighting, and when I see it late at night, we urge him not to sleep. He loved to mark and criticize books, and the books he had read were full of all kinds of marks and criticisms.

September 15, 1931, was a day I will never forget. On this day, our troops moved to Ruijin, Fujian Province, and suddenly encountered three attacks by enemy planes at Zhangjiaba in the Donggu area. In order to cover the concealment of the troops, Commander Huang was unfortunately shot in the chest. On this day, at dusk, his heart stopped beating. When he only took his last breath, he also inquired about the march of the troops and told everyone to continue the struggle until the final victory.

The body of Commander Huang was buried by me and my comrades from the military guard squad, and I found two old local watches to bury it, and it was about ten o'clock in the evening.

In 1964, Comrade Xie Jueya of the Central Military Commission and the Ministry of Internal Affairs informed me to find Huang Gongluo's grave. Because the Central Committee decided that comrade Huang Gongluo's ashes must be put into Babao Mountain. We formed a working group, with more than a dozen people, in addition to me, a comrade of the Ministry of Public Security, and an expert from the Academy of Sciences specializing in archaeological research. Before leaving, the comrades of Fang Zhimin's columbarium group were specially invited to introduce their experience, and in order to find Fang Zhimin's ashes, it took more than three months to finally find a bone. The Central Committee also made a great determination this time, believing that no matter how much it cost, it was necessary to find the ashes of Comrade Huang Gongluo. We went to Ji'an Donggu, Jiangxi province for nearly twenty days, let go and mobilized the masses, but the grave site was still found, but the ashes were not found. My analysis is that after the Long March of the Red Army, the people of the Soviet Area, out of love for Commander Huang, were afraid that the Kuomintang would come to destroy the grave, and deliberately moved the grave. Where the intention shifted, no one could figure it out later. More than half a century has passed, the appearance of mountains and rivers has changed greatly, and the original grave site cannot be found. However, according to my memory, I still excavated in the original site and finally found a bullet casing. After analysis, it was identified that it was a horse brand pistol bullet casing, which was exactly the horse brand pistol used by Huang Jun changsheng before, and later, this bullet shell was handed over to the Central Military Commission.

Or Huang Junchang's last wish was very enlightening, "Just bury me in Donggu, I like the mountains and water here." "Commander Huang must always be closely linked with the people of Donggu and the green mountains and rivers of Donggu.

Donggu is always there, green mountains and green waters are always there, and General Huang Gongluo will always exist!

Today, 44 years later, several of the old generals we have visited have long since bid us farewell. Now, what I have left behind is this interview record that records the career of "Flying General" Huang Gongluo, which is extremely precious. Every time I read it, I always feel a lot of emotions. We must cherish today's hard-won beautiful and happy life, inherit the legacy of the revolutionary martyrs, and carry forward the revolutionary spirit of Huang Gongluo! Do not forget the original intention and mission, and contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

I was 89 years old and 66 years old

Retired teacher of Xiangxiang No.1 Middle School

Contact number: 13973238463

Written on August 10, 2021