Before the Shang Dynasty, Yiqu Rong was a branch of the Western Qiang Rong, which originally lived in the Guyuan Grassland of Ningxia and on both sides of Liupan Mountain and Longshan Mountain. During the Yin Shang Dynasty, Yiqu continued to expand its sphere of influence. After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yiqu submitted to Zhou. King Xuan of Zhou had expected the people to be in Dayuan and placed Wurong, namely Yiqu, Yuzhi, Wushi, Shuyan, and Penglu, in Dayuan. In Wurong, Weiyi Canal is located in the center of Dayuan and is bordered by Jingshui to the south. The natural conditions here are good, suitable for farming and grazing, and the righteous canals soon became stronger.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yiqu took advantage of the Zhou civil unrest and announced his independence from the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, officially established the county state, and established a capital city in Xigou Village, Jiaocun Township, present-day Ning County. Soon after the establishment of the State of Yiqu, it immediately sent troops and annexed other Xirong tribes such as Penglu and Yuzhi, expanded its territory, and successively built dozens of cities and sent troops to garrison them. Its borders stretch from the West Haigu Grassland in the west, the Qiaoshan Mountain in the east, the Hetao in the north, and the Jingshui in the south, with an area of about 100,000 square kilometers.
It is also believed that Yiqu was a nomadic people whose range of activities was very extensive, living west of Liupan Mountain for a long time, and had lived in Northern Han (present-day Qingyang, Gansu) and also lived in Hanhexi County (present-day Shanxi), and its land had extended to Hedong. Yiqu is a nomadic people, the concept of territory is weak, the so-called "Rong Di recommended residence, expensive goods for soil", the Jin State took advantage of this feature of Rong Di, "give the goods, and get its soil". If the place where Yiqu lived depended on its territory, then the territory of Yiqu was reached from Ganlong to Hedong, which was obviously impossible.
The Yiqu people are strong and brave, and they "take the death of battle as auspicious, and the end of illness as ominous." Therefore, the battle is very heroic, and it is better to die than to die, which is also one of the important reasons why the Yiqu Country can continue for hundreds of years. In the country of Yiqu, all the people are soldiers, and in the event of war, young and strong men must go to the battlefield, resulting in more women and fewer men. The Yiqu stipulates that after the twelfth generation of the same clan, they can intermarry with each other, and after the death of the elder brother, the younger brother can marry the sister-in-law. After Yiqu settled in the Longdong Plateau, he began to engage in farming and gradually developed into a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral ethnic group.
Before 650 BC, after annexing zhurong in the northern region, Yiqu further developed to the east and south, first pointing the spearhead of the struggle at the Qin state. At this time, Qin Mugong had been on the throne for ten years.
When Duke Mu of Qin ascended the throne, there were Rong Di forces and other separatist forces distributed around and within the Qin state, which seriously restricted the outward development of the Qin state. At the junction of present-day Shaanxi and Shanxi, near Pinglu in Shanxi, there were Scattered Maojin Zhirong, blocking the eastward expansion of the Qin state. In the first year after Duke Mu of Qin ascended the throne (659 BC), he personally led a large army to cut down Maojin Zhirong and won victory. Later, Qin's military struggle focused on fighting against the Jin state, while also sweeping away some small separatist forces. In 640 BC, as soon as the Qin and Jin wars in Korea ended, they destroyed the two small states of Liang and Rui on the border.
Among the Rong people, there is also a tribe called Lu Hun Zhi Rong, whose former residence is in "Zhongnan", that is, Zhongnan, that is, Wugong County, Shaanxi. Of course, Qin Mugong could not tolerate such a Rong force between the elbows and armpits, so that in 638 BC, he would drive them away by force. Jin took the opportunity to trick Lu Hun zhirong into settling in Yichuan and forcing him to serve and fight.
The cutting of Maojin and the relocation of Luhun were only the prelude to The Great Campaign of Qin Mugong. Xi Rong refers to the many Rong ethnic groups scattered in the western part of the Qin State in a vast area. The number of Rong countries is hundreds, and the strength of Yiqu Rong is the strongest. The reason why these Rong states are relatively strong is that the Rong Di tribe did not enter the ruling center of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were less contaminated with the arrogant and lavish living habits of the slave-owning class, and they still did not lose the simple and courageous tradition and strong combat effectiveness.
Yiqu Rong heard that Qin Mugong had meritocracy, so he sent Yu Yu to the Qin Kingdom to visit and investigate. In order to show off his political achievements and satisfy his vanity, Qin Mugong let Yu Yu visit the achievements of the economic construction of the Qin State. Qin Mugong originally thought that Yu Yuhui, who came from the barbaric land, was amazed and praised the powerful king, but who knew that Yu Yu was not moved, but said: "If you make a ghost do it, you will be tired." Let people do it, but also suffer the people. He bluntly criticized Qin Mugong for "laboring the gods and suffering the people." This greatly surprised Qin Mugong's expectations, and Qin Mugong, who had hurt his self-esteem, was quite dissatisfied, so he asked with a sarcastic taste: "China uses poetry and books to govern the law, but it is still chaotic, and now Rong Yi has no such thing, how can it be ruled, is it not difficult?" Yu Yu's answer was unexpected, and he laughed: "This is why China is chaotic." The Husband, the Yellow Emperor of the Holy Yellow Emperor, as the Lile Dharma, took the lead and ruled only with a small rule. and his hereafter, and day by day with arrogance. Obstructing the power of the Law, with reproach to the bottom, and the lower pole is to look up with benevolence and righteousness, and to fight and complain from top to bottom and usurp each other. As for the extinction of the sect, it is all in this way. This is not the case. The upper unity of Chunde meets the bottom, the lower is loyal to the matter of the above, the government of a country is like the rule of the body, and the rule of the unknown is also the rule of this true saint. Yu Yu believes that the poetry book Lile Fadu is precisely the cause of China's chaos; rong Yi is precisely because there is no "poetry book Lile Fadu" that he has maintained the "rule of the saints" and contributed to the country's strength. Although this statement is not entirely true, it is true that in that era primitive and barbarism often triumphed over refinement and civilization.
Yu's high theory aroused the concern of Qin Mugong, who retreated and asked Nei Shi Liao: "I have heard that there are saints in neighboring countries, and the worries of the enemy countries are also." Now by Yu Xian, the harm of the widow, what will it do? Nei Shi Liao said: "The King of Rong is hiding, and he has not heard the voice of China." The king tried to leave his daughter's music to seize his ambition; for the sake of Yu please, to neglect it; to stay and not to send it, so as to lose his time. The king of Rong will be suspicious. There is a room for kings and lords, but there are also those who can be captured. And the king of Rong is happy, and he will be sluggish in government. Qin Mu acted in accordance with this and achieved the expected results. The divisive plan caused the King of Rong to become suspicious of Yu Yu, and Yu Yu also counted the Yiqu King Yuan's wine and food for female music, governed the government and repaired the soldiers, and the Yiqu King ignored it, and finally announced: If anyone dares to say that the Qin soldiers are coming to attack Xi Rong, they will immediately shoot and kill them! Yu Zi felt that Xi Rong was hopeless, so he had to surrender to Qin. Mu Gong paid homage to him and asked about the shape of Varong. In order to consolidate the rear and monopolize Xi rong, Qin Mugong used Yu Zhizhi's strategy to suddenly launch a large-scale attack on Yiqu Rong. Yiqu Rong, who had been disarmed for a long time, could not resist at all under the surprise attack of the Qin army; the king of Yiqu, who was addicted to wine, was drunk as mud and still asleep when the Qin soldiers arrived. Qin Mugong defeated Yiqu Rong, who had suffered for many years. The State of Qin not only benefited the country for twenty years, opened up thousands of miles of land, and dominated Xirong, but also the agriculture, handicrafts, and cities of the State of Qin developed rapidly, which was the heyday of slavery in the Qin State.
Although Yiqu Rong suffered heavy losses, it did not perish, but fled to the northwest. After the death of Duke Mu of Qin, Duke Kang ascended the throne (620 BC to 609 BC). Kang Gong was a monarch who was very happy and incompetent, and he was both poor and militaristic, and he was also poor and extravagant. Kang gong was followed by gonggong (608 BC to 604 BC), Huan gong (603 BC to 577 BC), Jing gong (576 BC to 537 BC), Lai gong (536 BC to 501 BC), Hui gong (500 BC to 491 BC), and Mourning Gong (490 BC to 477 BC). During this period, the rulers of the Qin state were inferior to each generation, domestic contradictions were prominent, military strength was declining day by day, reform was seriously lagging behind, and the international status of the Qin state was greatly reduced. Fan Wenzi of the Jin Dynasty said: "The urgent battle of my ancestors is also a reason. Qin, Di, Qi, and Chu are all strong, and if they do not do their best, their descendants will be weak, and now the three strong will obey, and the enemy is only Chu. He said that now that the three strong ones have been served, there is only one Chu state left in the minds of the Jin people. It can be seen how weak the Qin state is at this time! However, during this period, there is no record in the history books that Yiqu Rong disturbed Qin and attacked Qin, and the history books record that in 470 BC (the seventh year of Li Gong), Yiqu Rong came to bribe and begged for help; in 444 BC (the thirty-third year of Li Gong), Qin also cut down the Yiqu canal and captured his king. It shows that Yiqu Rong is still in the era of healing wounds, recuperating, and accumulating strength, and does not yet have the strength to compete with Qin.
Since the reign of Duke Li of Qin, that is, during the reign of several generations of monarchs such as Duke Man (442 BC to 429 BC), Duke Huai (428 BC to 425 BC), Linggong (424 BC to 415 BC), Duke Jian (414 BC to 400 BC), Huigong (399 BC to 387 BC), and Chuzi (386 BC to 385 BC), the Qin state has weakened day by day, suffered repeated external attacks, and repeatedly failed militarily. That is, qin xiaogong said, "the past is strong, impatient, simple, and the restlessness of the son."
During this period, the State of Qin was attacked on all sides, repeatedly defeated, and the country's strength was declining day by day. Wu rebelled against Qin, and all the land in Hexi was occupied by the State of Wei. Xirong Yiqu, which had been reconciled with Qin, also attacked Qin in 430 BC (the thirteenth year of the Duke of Man), attacking from Jingbei to Weinan, forcing Qin soldiers to withdraw from the lower reaches of the Wei River, and within the next 30 years, it was the most powerful period of the Yiqu state. Its area reaches northern Shaanxi in the east, Hetao in the north, Longxi in the west, and Weishui in the south, with an area of about 200,000 square kilometers.
At the beginning of the reign of King Huiwen of Qin, the power of Yiqu Rong increased slightly, and "building a city to defend itself" had the intention of fighting against Qin. As a result, it attracted Qin's close attention, but at first the Qin state seemed to have no time to make enemies of Yiqu. In 335 BC, Yiqu defeated the Qin division at Luo. Three years later, in 331 BC, the State of Qin took advantage of the civil unrest in Yiqu to send Shu Changcao to "fix the army", and Yiqu submitted to Qin. Since then the two sides have been wartime and. In 327 BC, Yiqu took the state as Qin County and the jun as Qin subject, and officially became a dependency of the Qin state. However, judging from the events that occurred later, Yiqu did not really surrender to Qin. Just eight years after Yiqu became a vassal, that is, in 320 BC, Qin had to send troops to attack Yiqu and attack Yuzhi (east of Qingyang County, Gansu).
During this period, YiquJun could not help but submit to Qin on the one hand, and on the other hand, he moved closer to the State of Wei, and he had a move towards Wei. Once, when the Yiqu Emperor was in the wei dynasty, the head of the Wei state once instigated him: If Shandong and other big powers do not attack Qin, the Qin state will have the power to burn and rob your country; if the Shandong countries jointly attack the Qin state, the Qin state will "lightly make heavy money" and express peace with you. The rhinoceros's purpose in saying this is very clear. In 318 BC, when the Six Kingdoms jointly attacked Qin, the Qin monarch expressed great concern for Yiqu, and Chen Yi said to King Hui of Qin: For Yiqu Jun, it is best to use the method of appeasement to make him submit. King Huiwen of Qin listened to Chen Yi's advice and sent Yiqujun "thousands of pure embroidery and hundreds of women" to win him over. However, Yiqujun remembered the words of the rhinoceros and thought that this was a good opportunity to attack Qin, so he attacked Qin, defeated the Qin soldiers, and recovered some of the lost land.
Later, the State of Qin had to fight against the various princely states while dealing with Yiqu Rong with great strength. In 314 BC, the State of Qin sent troops to cut down the Yiqu Canal, and the twenty-five cities of Tujing (belonging to Xihe County) were obtained, but the Yiqu Rong was still a hidden danger to the Qin State.
Since King Huiwen of Qin, Yiqu Rong has always threatened the Qin state, but Qin has not been able to completely subdue it. In the early days of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, the rulers of the Qin state were deliberately dealing with Yiqu Rong. For this reason, when the King of Zhaoxiang was first established, the King of Yiqu came to pay tribute, and Empress Xuan, the mother of the King of Zhaoxiang, took advantage of the hue to have an affair with the King of Yiqu. After that, Empress Xuan maintained a long-term relationship with King Yiqu, and even gave birth to a second son. It was precisely because of this less decent method that the King of Yiqu was encircled, so during the period of King Zhaoxiang, although the Qin State continued to fight with the eastern countries, it did not see yiqu Rong taking advantage of the opportunity to attack Qin. After waiting for The King of Yiqu to live with Empress Xuan for a long time, his vigilance was completely absent. In 272 BC, Empress Xuan took advantage of the lack of preparation of King Yiqu and booby-trapped him at Ganquan Palace. Then, Qin sent troops to attack Yiqu Rong, "because of the annihilation of the army", completely eliminated Yiqu Rong, and began to place the three counties of Longxi, Beidi and Shangjun here.
The final demise of Yiqu Rong was very important for the further consolidation of the rear and flanks of the Qin state. Yiqu was a nomadic people who haunted the west, north, and even east of the Qin state, and before they perished, Qin had to draw out troops to deal with them. After the establishment of the county, the Qin state could concentrate its energy and forces to attack the east.
The booby-trapping and killing of King Yiqu by Empress Xuan is only found in the Book of Later Han. The Biography of the Western Qiang: "and Zhao Wang Li, Yiqu Dynasty Qin." He then communicated with Empress Xuan, the mother of The Emperor of Zhao, and had a second son. In the forty-third year of Wang Zhao (272 BC, the thirty-fifth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin), Empress Xuan booby-trapped the King of Yiqu at Ganquan Palace, and because of the annihilation of the army, he began to place Longxi, Beidi, and Shangjunyan. The bizarre appearance of this account has made some historians suspicious. Gu Jiegang believes that Fan Yezhi's statement may not be absolutely credible... The white-haired woman is relatively affectionate, and this beauty is too late to act. Lin Jianming believed that Empress Xuan had been having an affair with the King of Yiqu for more than thirty years, and the King of Yiqu had disarmed, and although Empress Xuan was seventy years old, she had already played with the King of Yiqu in the palm of her hand.
Judging from Empress Xuan's own style, it was very possible that he would take such measures. Originally, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, aristocratic women were not as serious and serious about the relationship between men and women as later, and it was not uncommon for sisters-in-law to have adultery with their younger uncles, stepmothers and sons, and uncles and brothers and daughters-in-law to marry openly. And Empress Xuan is even more open in this regard. For example, "Warring States Policy." The Han Ce II records such an event: "In May of the Yong clan of Chu Wei, Han Ling's emissaries asked for help from Qin, and the crown cover looked at each other, and the Qin master did not fall. Han also ordered Shang Jin to make Qin, the King of Qin: "Han is in Qin, dwelling in hiding, and going out as a goose." Now that Han is sick, Master Qin is not killed, and the subject hears it: The lips revealer has his teeth cold, and may the king be familiar with it. Empress Xuan said, "The messengers come to many, and the words of the only son are." 'Summoning Shangzi into. Empress Xuan said to Shang Zi: "Concubines before the king, the first king with his hips and concubines, the concubines are not tired, as much as they are above the concubines, and the concubines are heavy, why not?" With its few advantages. Now that there are not many soldiers and not much food, it is not enough to save Han. The husband saves Han's danger, and the daily cost is thousands of dollars, and it is not possible to make the concubine less advantageous. This Empress Xuan, who did not use diplomatic rhetoric on diplomatic occasions, talked a lot about the Korean emissaries, although she was witty and humorous and easy to understand, but from this attitude of not caring, it can also be known that she is a woman of style.
Empress Xuan's behavior was indeed very debauched, according to the Warring States Policy. The Qin Ce II records such an incident: "Empress Dowager Qin Xuan loved Wei Ugly Husband. The empress dowager was about to die of illness, and the order said: 'If you bury me, you will take Wei Zi as a martyr.' 'Wei Zi suffers. Yong Rui said to Empress Dowager Wei Zi: 'Do you know what the dead are? The Empress Dowager said, "Ignorance also." "If the spirit of the Empress Dowager knows the ignorance of the dead, what is the love of the living and buried in the ignorant dead?" If the deceased knows that the days of the previous king's anger have been long, and the empress dowager has not saved it, why should she be a private Wei ugly husband? The Empress dowager said, "Goodness." 'It's over. Empress Qin Xuan had an old lover, called The Face Head in writing, called Wei Ugly Fu, Empress Xuan, this old lady was going to die, she had to let Wei Ugly Husband accompany her to the funeral, and also let her subordinates express their opinions, so that the face head quickly found someone to intercede, so that the old lady gave up letting the face head accompany her into the coffin. What is even more unexpected is that Yong Rui said something as ugly as "the first king has been angry for a long time", and he did not anger Empress Xuan, but instead called it "good". What is impossible for such a woman to take the initiative to have a male-female relationship with the King of Yiqu for some political purpose?
In fact, looking at Empress Xuan's adultery with King Yiqu and having children, the relationship between the public and the head of the face, and the conversation about the bed between men and women in diplomatic occasions should be related to that era. The marriage form of that era still preserves many primitive customs, some of which are combined with the patriarchal system prevailing at that time to become the primitive patriarchal marriage form, and unlike the feudal patriarchal marriage customs after the Tang and Song dynasties, it is a necessary stage in the development of human family marriage forms, which is a normal phenomenon in the eyes of people at that time, and the vulgar views of the han dynasty and even modern people such as incivility, obscenity, and incest cannot be used to view the ancient marriage customs.
At that time, there were three main forms of marriage customs and family forms that existed in society:
First, the family form and marriage customs of the Yan and newspaper styles. This is a product of the patriarchal extended family. In the patrilineal family, the head of the family controls all the property of the family and practices polygamy, with many wives and concubines. After his death, his property and concubines were inherited by his eldest son, because under the original patriarchal system, wives and concubines were also the property of the parents, the property of a special nature for the parents to bear children, reproduce offspring and meet their sexual needs. In this way, in marriage, the so-called system of retribution and retribution has emerged. The so-called 烝 means that the son who inherits the status of the father can have marriage relations with other wives and concubines of the father except the birth mother; the so-called retribution means that the son can have a marriage relationship with his uncle and aunt, that is, he takes them as his wife and concubine. This form of marriage was considered legal and normal in the Spring and Autumn Period and before.
The Twenty-Eighth Year of zuo chuan zhuang gong (左傳) zhuang gong (庄公 28 years) says: "Duke Xian of Jin married Yu Jia, had no children, and yu Qi Jiang, and gave birth to Lady Mu of Qin and Crown Prince Shensheng. "The Duke of Jin Xian possessed mostly as wives and concubines in the form of The Emperor, of which Qi Jiang was originally a concubine of Duke Wu of Jin, the father of The Duke of Jin, but not the birth mother of the Duke of Jin, who married Qi Jiang according to the customs and customs of the time, and Qi Jiang bore him a man and a daughter, and the daughter later married the Duke mu of Qin, and the man's name was Shen Sheng, and he became the crown prince. Later, Xiangong married the young and beautiful woman Li Ji, who killed Shen Sheng in order to make her son the crown prince.
The "Second Year of Zuo Chuan Min Gong" says: "In the beginning, the ascension of Duke Hui of (Wei) was also few, and the Qi people made Zhaobo (Hui Gong Shu Brother, Xuan Gongzi) yu XuanJiang, no, Qiang Zhi, sheng Qi Zi, Dai Gong, Lady Song Huan, and Lady Xu Mu. It turned out that Wei Huigong's brother-in-law Zhao Bo had Zhaobo's non-birth mother and Huigong's biological mother Xuanjiang, and at that time, Huigong was not more troublesome, Xuanjiang was unwilling, Zhaobo forcibly possessed her, and Xuanjiang gave birth to two men and two daughters for Zhaobo. It can be seen from this that 烝 and newspaper are popular customs, and Xuanjiang, who is the wife of the monarch, cannot disobey this marriage custom, and its patriarchal nature is obvious. ”
When we think of Xuanjiang, we think of "Shijing Shaofeng Xintai", which is a satirical poem characterized by a reference to Mulberry Scolding.
Shaofeng Xintai
Shindai has a pond, and the river is mimi. Yan Wan's request, the mushroom is not fresh.
Xintai has sprinkles, and the river water is muddy. Yan Wan's request, the mushroom is not killed.
The fishing net is set up, and the hong is far away. Yan Wan's request, get this kind of charity.
At the beginning, Wei Xuangong and his father Wei Zhuanggong's concubine Yi Jiang had an adulterous affair and gave birth to a son, Gongzi Ling, and Wei Xuangong entrusted the gongzi to the right prince to raise. Duke Xuan of Wei was very fond of Yi Jiang, so he made Gongzi crown prince and asked Him to teach him. Later, the right prince married Xuanjiang, a woman of the State of Qi, on behalf of the crown prince, and was not yet married. However, when Wei Xuangong heard that Xuan jiang looked very beautiful, he was moved to his crooked eyes, so he set up a pavilion by the river, and when the Qi daughter Xuan Jiang passed by, he intercepted her first and married her, and then married another woman for the prince. The ancient people were poets, laughing and scolding and pinching their hands into poetry, and their imagination was rich and ironic, unprecedented.
The "Three Years of Zuo Chuan Xuangong" reads: "(Zheng) Wen Gong Bao Zheng Zi's concubine Chen Fei. Du pre-note: "Zheng Zi, Uncle Wen's father and son Yi ye." Han Lu, the wife of the adulterous father. It turned out that Zheng Wengong, the monarch, also took his uncle's wife and concubine for himself.
In addition to the retribution and retribution, there are also similar forms of fornication. The "History of the Lu Family" says: "Lady Hui Gongshi was childless, and the concubine Shengzi gave birth to a son (Yin Gong). In order to marry Song, the Song daughter is good, the HuiGong takes his wife, gives birth to a son Yun (Huan Gong), deng Song woman as a wife, and the daughter as the prince. It turned out that Lu Huigong had married a noble woman of the Song Kingdom for his son, and Huigong saw that the Song woman was young and beautiful, and actually took her back and made him his wife. This phenomenon of the nobility taking the next generation of women in the family except their own daughters as their wives and concubines is adultery.
Marriage customs of a similar nature to adultery, retribution, and adultery are those of uncles and sisters-in-law, that is, the younger brother takes his brother's wife as his wife. The "Second Year of Zuo Chuan Min Gong" says: "Gongzhong is connected to the mourning ginger, and the mourning ginger wants to stand." Gongzhong is the father of Gongzi Qing, and Wai Jiang is the wife of his brother Duke Zhuang. Father Qing is not dead, and Lu is not dead. Father Qing repeatedly rebelled to harm the country. At that time, Qing father and Wai Jiang had an affair and became husband and wife, so Wai Jiang wanted Qing Father to be the monarch and become the internal response of Qing Father's rebellion. However, at that time, it was customary for nobles to marry their brothers, not illegally. This form of uncle and sister-in-law was common among later ethnic minorities, such as Xiaozhuang, the wife of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty and the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor, who was married to Emperor Taiji's younger brother Dolgun, so Shunzhi called Dolgun from "Emperor Uncle Regent" to "Emperor Father Regent".
Second, the family form and marriage customs of concubines and concubines. This custom was a remnant of the primitive group marriage system and became a tool for aristocratic men to dominate a large number of women and practice polygamy. The Spring and Autumn Classic, the Eighth Year of Chenggong, says: "Wei Ren came to marry. Du pre-noted: "The princes of the ancients married their wives and their wives on the left and right, each with a concubine, all of them had the same surname, three people of the country, and nine daughters, so Guang Ji Si also." Lu will marry Bo Ji to Song, so the Wei people will come to marry him. "According to the marriage system, if a prince marries a concubine, there are concubines and concubines of the concubines, two left and right wives of the same surname, and the left and right wives of the left and right wives of the same surname, and the concubines and concubines of the left and right wives, who marry together, three people in one country, and nine daughters in one country. If the three daughters of the State of Jin (Jin) are Jin Nu Jie, Jin Nu Concubines, and Jin Nu Di, and the three daughters of the Marriage Daughter Kingdom (Lu Guo) are Lu Nu Jie, Lu Nu Bo Ji (Zheng Lady), lu Nu Di, and the three daughters of the Wei Nu Guo (Wei Guo) are Wei Nu Jie, Wei Nu Concubine, and Wei Nu Di. In addition to the dowry daughter, there are also dowry courtiers, such as Baili Xi. When Baili Xi was young, his family was very poor, and he was displaced, and then he traveled to various countries and went to the state of Qi, and was not appointed; he was still not appointed; he was appointed as a doctor by Duke Yu, and after the Jin Dynasty destroyed Yu, he was captured, and was sent to the Qin state as a dowry, because Qin Mugong treated him as a concubine, and fled to Wan, where he was held by the Chu people. Later Qin Mu heard of his sage, redeemed it with five black sheepskins, and granted him state administration. Known as the Five Doctors. Seven years after Ren Qin,000, he and Uncle Jian and others jointly assisted Mu Gong in establishing a hegemony.
Third, the form of marriage of a dual nature. The so-called dual marriage is a form of marriage between group marriage and monogamy, that is, unstable monogamy. This form is more popular in the common people's families. Women can run away from home, as stated in the "Chinese Zhou Yushang": "King Gong travels on Jingshang, Mikang Gongcong, and there are three daughters who run." "It reflects that monogamy was unstable at that time, and women could abandon their homes at will. The "Eleventh Year of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong" says: "The people of Quanqiu have a daughter, and the dream is based on the temple of the Meng clan, and the Ben (Meng) servants are subordinate to it." "A woman can leave her house at will, turn to the person of her dreams, and marry someone else. At that time, the woman did not break the law and was encouraged. The Zhou Li records: "In the middle of the spring month, the men and women of the Meeting were ordered. So when the time came, the runner couldn't help it. If there is no reason not to give an order, punish it. The homeless of men and women will. "The purpose is to have more children, increase the population, and strengthen the strength of the clan."
Qin Shi Huang was an outstanding emperor in ancient China, who not only unified China, unified territory, unified the political system, unified the legal system, unified the writing, unified the currency, unified the weights and measures, but also unified the marriage customs. "History of Qin Shi Huang Benji": "As the province Xuanyi, have a son and marry, double death is not virgin." Inside and outside, obscenity is prohibited, and men and women are sincere. Husband for the pig, killed innocently, male Bingyi Cheng. The wife is a fugitive marriage, the son cannot be a mother, and he is salty and clean. The great rule of mao, the world bears the wind, and is suspended. "Primitive marriage customs are strictly prohibited, the state protects monogamous marriages, and adultery, fostering, and escape from marriage that violate monogamous customs are severely punished." The Qin Dynasty became the beginning of the marriage customs of feudal etiquette in later generations, and history entered a new period.
In connection with the primitive customs of that era, it is not surprising to see Empress Xuan having an affair with the King of Yiqu and booby-trapping him. The application of modern ideas to ancient times is the root cause of endless errors.