The Nine Stages of the Great Wall of Qin Emperor unveiled a century-old wrong case
——Answer: Mr. Dong Yaohui and Mr. Li Hecheng
(xiii)
Dong Yao would mistakenly say that the Great Wall of Qinhuang on the south bank of the Yellow River in Ningxia is not documented
ZHOU Xinghua
There are books that are not read, and the mouth is open
Han Tianqi, a reporter from China Science News, interviewed Dong Yaohui, vice president of the Great Wall Society of China, and Dong Yaohui said: "According to historical records and the results of archaeological work over the past decades, there is no direct evidence that there is the site of the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang in this place (Zhou Note: Dong Yaohui refers to the south bank of the Yellow River in the section connecting Gansu to Ningxia). "How do you think about the attribution of the remains of the Great Wall found at the junction of Ningxia and Gansu? Dong Yaohui said: "The dating of the remains of the Great Wall is the same as that of other cultural relics, and the principle of supporting historical records and archaeological excavations should be adhered to, and certain archaeological information needs to be supported." However, there is no archaeological information to support the relevant inferences. ”
Regarding the historical materials and "archaeological information" recorded in historical documents, it is a question of whether to read or not, not whether there is a question of whether or not. The Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang started from Lin Tao, passed through Gansu, Ningxia, the inner bank of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia to Yin Mountain, and Liaodong can be found in many ancient documents, especially from Gansu to the inner bank of the Yellow River in Ningxia.
1. The "History of Qin Shi Huang" contains: In the thirty-third year of Qin Shi Huang (214 BC), "the northwest expelled the Xiongnu, from Yuzhong to the east of the river, belonging to the Yin Mountain, thinking that there were thirty-four counties, and the city and river were plugged." After reading the word "and", we know that the "History of Qin Shi Huang" clearly records that Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall along the Yellow River to the east.
2. The "Chronology of the Six Kingdoms" contains: "In the thirty-third year of the first emperor, the northwest of Shirong was taken as 34 counties. On the Great Wall River, Meng Tian will be 300,000. The "Records of History" clearly records that Qin Shi Huang ordered Meng Tian to lead 300,000 troops to build the Great Wall along the Yellow River in the "northwest" region.
3. The "History of the Xiongnu Lineage" contains: "Later Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, and the First Emperor made Meng Tian attack 100,000 people in the north and took Henan. Because the river is blocked, the forty-four county towns (one says "thirty-four counties") are built next to the river, and the migration is suitable to fill it. ...... Because of the danger of the border mountains and the valleys, those who can be cured can rule it, and they will travel from Lintao to Liaodong for more than 10,000 li. "Ningxia land belongs to Qin's "Henan Land", Qin "Fuping County" and "Shenquan Barrier" ("Shiji Qin Shi Huang Benji") in present-day Wuzhong City, Ningxia, Qin "Hun Huai Barrier" ("Notes on the Water Classic", "Yuanhe County Tuzhi")" in present-day Taole County, Ningxia, the above areas are among the "forty-four" counties along the river of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall barrier in the upper area is both recorded in historical records and existing relics, how can it be said that Qin Shi Huang did not pass through the inner bank of the Yellow River in Ningxia?
4. "Former Hanshu Gao Di Ji" contains: In November of the second year (205 BC), "The king of Han returned, and the capital was Liyang." Let the generals be slightly plucked into the west. If 10,000 people descend from one county, seal 10,000 households. Plug on the Jiji River. Regarding the Han Gaozu, which section of the Great Wall on the Yellow River does the ancestor of Han Gaozu refer to? Yan Shigu, a scholar of ancient training in the Tang Dynasty, quoted Jin Zhuo as saying: "Chao mistakenly spread that Qin Bei attacked Hu and built rivers on the plug. In the words of Song Qi: The Great Wall of the Yellow River repaired by Emperor Gaozu of Han was in "Beihe Ling, Xiazhou Diye, Qin Shi Zhizhi", "Beihe Ling, Xiazhou Di" includes the Hongshan Gorge and Heishan Gorge Great Wall on the south bank of the Yellow River in Ningxia, and the Great Wall along the south and east banks of the Yellow River in Ningxia, which is consistent with the "Zhizhi River Plugged" after the Han Gaozu "Ba Longxi".
5. The "History of the Xiongnu Lineage" contains: In the second year of the Han Yuan Shuo (127 BC), "Wei Qing returned to the west of Yunzhong to Longxi, and defeated Hu Zhilou and the King of Aries in Henan." There are thousands of beards, and more than a million cattle and sheep. ...... Therefore, Han took the land of Henan, built the Shuo Fang, and restored the old Qin period, because the river was solid. "Henan Land" refers to the land within the Yellow River Loop in present-day Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and northern Shaanxi. Emperor Wudi of Han seized the "Henan Land" in the second year of Yuan Shuo, and rebuilt the section of the Great Wall of Qin Huang built by Meng Tian, the middle section of Yu, and the east section of the Hehe River, so it is said that "because the river is solid".
6. "Hanshu Han An Guo Biography" contains: "Meng Tian invaded Hu for Qin, opened up thousands of miles of land, took the river as the realm (realm), the stone as the city, the tree as the plug, and the Xiongnu did not dare to drink horses in the river. Flint then dares to herd horses. The Book of Han and the Legend of the Western Regions contains: "Since the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, Rong Di has wrongly lived in the north of Jingwei. and Qin Shi Huang took Rong Di, built the Great Wall, and bounded China, but the west is not Linzhao. The "Later Hanshu Western Qiang Biography" contains: "When he was the first emperor of Qin, he served the six kingdoms, took the princes as his affairs, and did not travel west, so the people of the race were able to prosper." Qin was both the world and the world, so that Meng Tian's generals were in the west, chasing Zhurong in the west, but all the people in the north, building the Great Wall to boundary, and the Qiang did not return to the south (crossing). The northwestern territory of the Qin Dynasty was bounded by the Yellow River, and Meng Tian was "building stones as cities" along the Yellow River, that is, building the Great Wall with stones along the Yellow River. Most of the Great Wall on the inner bank of the Yellow River in the northwestern territory of the Qin Dynasty seen today is the remains of "fortress stones for cities", which is the true confirmation of the above records.
7. Northern Wei Dynasty Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classic, River Water II" [scripture] contains: River water "and east through the north of Yuzhong County." "Xi Daoyuan [Note] said: "Xi Meng Tian is the chasing people of northern Qin, and opens the land in Yu. This record is consistent with the record of Pai Meng Tian in the "History of the First Emperor of Qin", "expelling the Xiongnu in the northwest, from the east of the Yuzhong River, belonging to the Yin Mountain, thinking that there are thirty-four counties, and the city and river are plugged", and the Great Wall of Yuzhong was built by Meng Tian. The "Notes on the Water Scripture River Water III" [Scripture] states: "The river flows northeast and obstacles. "Ji Daoyuan [Note] said: "The "Geographical Record" said: Hun Huai Du Weizhi, the outsider also. This account is consistent with the "Thirty-third year (214 BC)" in the Shi Huang of Qin... He also made Meng Tian cross the river to take Gaoque, Yangshan, and Beijiaozhong, and build pavilion barriers to drive away people". The Warring States Soldiers' Book "Wei Yanzi" contains: "Four things open the plug, it is said to be limited, each dies his duty and sticks to it" and "Those who guard it, they do not enter Guo Yuan, they do not retreat to prevent war, and those who are not good are also ("Wei Yanzi · Bing Jiao · Guard the Power")"). It can be seen that the "plug" is the title of the ancient Great Wall, and the "pavilion barrier" is a barrier fort built in the ancient border defense area. After the Yellow River flows through Qingtongxia, it flows from southwest to northeast, which is the same as this section of the Yellow River in the "Notes on the Passage of Water"; "The river flows northeast and the barrier to the west", and the barrier must be on the east bank of the Yellow River. The Great Wall barriers such as the Hunhuai Barrier in Ningxia and the Great Wall of Lintao and the Great Wall of Yuzhong in Gansu are on the inner bank of the Yellow River, and the route is the same. The "Notes on the Water Classic" records that the Great Wall of Yuzhong in Gansu Province and the Great Wall and Fort of Hun Huaizhu in Ningxia were all facilities of the Great Wall of Qinhuang built by Meng Tian.
8. The Tang Dynasty's "Records of the Land" contains: "Lintao County, Longxi County, Qin, that is, the city of Minzhou, the Great Wall of Qin, the first 12 li west of Minzhou, extending more than 10,000 li, and entering Liaoshui in the east. This Great Wall of Qin first started in Qin Lintao County, "extending more than 10,000 li" and entering Liaodong County in the east, which naturally refers to the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang built along the inner bank of the Yellow River in Longxi. Tang's "Yuanhe County Tuzhi" volume 4 Huaiyuan County article contains: "The waste of Lingwu City, in the northeast of the county, a hundred miles across the river. Its city is built by Meng Tian, and in ancient times it was called Hun Huai Barrier, that is, Hun Huai Reason, so it was called Lingwu. "The Waste Spirit Martial City is in Qin Fuping County, which was called Hun Huai Barrier in ancient times, and the capital of northern Qin is stationed in Fuping County. The Great Wall of Qin first started in Lintao County in the west of Minzhou, and passed through Fuping County (present-day Wuzhong, Ningxia), where the northern Qin capital was stationed, "extending for more than 10,000 li and entering Liaoshui in the east", which is the documentary evidence of the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang passing through the inner bank of the Yellow River in Ningxia.
9. In the Tang Dynasty, the Great Wall of the Qin Emperor still existed. "Dragon Tendon and Phoenix Judgment Volume 3" contains: Wu Zetian "In the first year of the Holy Calendar (689 AD), after the southern invasion of the Turkic Desire Valley, Empress Wu summoned the group of ministers to consult the border strategy. In order to prevent Huma from herding south, Zhonglang asked Tian Hai to "open a trench along the old Great Wall, east to the East China Sea, west to Lintao, each ten paces wide and three feet deep." The "old Great Wall" that Tian Hai said "east to the East China Sea and west to Lintao" in the Tang Dynasty was the Great Wall of the Qin Emperor that existed in the world at that time. The "Old Great Wall" that Tian Hai saw in the Tang Dynasty provided ironclad evidence that the "Old Great Wall" from Lintao to the East China Sea was indeed built by Qin Shi Huang.
10. Regarding the original ancient Great Wall ("old border wall") from the south bank of the Yellow River in Gaolan County to the "northeast into Zhongwei", its construction date is recorded in the "Shiji", "Book of Han" and Tang and Song documents, for example, Du You of the Tang Dynasty said in the "Tongdian": "Wuquan County has the ancient Yuan River and the ancient Great Wall. Wuquan County, in the first year of Emperor Wen of Sui (581 AD), was located in the area of present-day Lanzhou. Yuanchuan, in present-day Dayingchuan, Yuzhong County, Gansu. The "ancient Great Wall" of Wuquan County recorded by Du You of the Tang Dynasty in the "Tongdian" can only be the "ancient Great Wall" that survived before the Tang Dynasty in present-day Lanzhou, Gansu.
11. The Song Dynasty's "Taiping Huanyu Ji" Longyou Dao Lanzhou article contains: "Lanzhou, the domain of Yongzhou in Yugong, the ancient Western Qiang land, Qin and the world, is Longxi County... and Qin merged the world, built the Great Wall to boundary, and the people and Qiang did not return to the south. The Wuquan County article also states: "The Great Wall also passes south of this county." "Wuquan County, which is now Gaolan County, has the Great Wall of Qin in its territory. The above shows that the Great Wall passing through Lanzhou and Gaolan County was built by Qin Shi Huang along the Yellow River, blocking the Qiang people from crossing the Yellow River south, which is consistent with the geographical orientation of the middle section of the Great Wall of the Qin Emperor recorded in the "History". Song Dynasty documents record that the Great Wall on the south bank of the Yellow River in Lanzhou was built by Qin.
12. "History of Song, Geography and Geography III" contains: "Huizhou, in the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Xihe Lu added the word 'Lanhui', and did not get Huizhou." In the second year of Yuan Fu, he began to build and cut Liuqi Prefecture north of Anxicheng. ...... Huining Pass, formerly known as Erguan, was built in the first year of the Yuan Fu, given the name Tonghui, and did not change its current name several times, belonging to Qinfeng Road. It is bounded by Yuanhe City of Jingyuan Road in the east, 50 li in the west by Dingyuan City of Xihe Road, 40 li in the south by Pingxi Pingxi Li on Xihe Road, and more than 100 li in the north to Gufengtai on the south bank of the Yellow River. "Huizhou" "Ancient Beacon Terrace on the South Bank of the Yellow River" is the beacon tower along the Great Wall of Qinhuang on the south bank of the Yellow River in present-day Gansu, Ningxia, Hongshan Gorge, Heishan Gorge, and Heishan Gorge, which are still in Gansu and Ningxia in the "History of Song and Geography", and the ancient Great Wall and ancient beacon platform on the south bank of the Yellow River in Heishan Gorge are still in existence today. Some people insist that the Great Wall on the south bank of the Yellow River in Gansu, Ningxia, Hongshan Gorge, and Heishan Gorge are all "Ming Great Walls", and it is strange that how can the "ancient beacon platforms" of these "Ming Great Walls" be recorded in the "History of Song and Geography"? Historical common sense tells us that the Song Dynasty predates the Ming Dynasty, and the Great Wall and Beacon Platform built in the Ming Dynasty will not be recorded in the "Song History and Geographical History"!
13. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, there is no record of the construction of the Great Wall throughout Lintao, Yuzhong, east of Hehe, Yin Mountain, and Liaodong. In the twenty-third year of the Ming Chenghua (1487), Shi Jiaxi, the right deputy capital of Shaanxi, and others proposed to repair the "border walls of Ningxia Zhongwei, Yequegou and other places". Yequegou is now the magpie ditch in the south of Xiaoguanyin in the Heishan Gorge, and during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the boundary ditch between Zhongwei County in Ningxia and Jingyuan County in Gansu. This proposed repair work, which is recorded in history as "it is advisable not to ask the guards to discuss the construction of the work", did not actually begin. Since then, there has been no record of the motion of the "Shouchen", and this proposal is stillborn and has nothing to do with the construction of the Great Wall of Zhongwei Black Mountain Gorge. The "Ming Shilu" clearly records that "Zhongwei Yequegou and other border walls" existed, proving that this "side wall" existed long before the repair, and was by no means the beginning of this construction, nor was it built in the Ming Dynasty, so the time when it is proposed to repair the "Zhongwei Yequegou and other border walls" is not the beginning of the construction of the Great Wall of Zhongwei Heishan Gorge in the Ming Dynasty ("Records of Emperor Chun of Ming Xianzong, Volume 293"). The "border walls of Zhongwei Yequegou and other places" planned for repair should be the remains of the Great Wall of Qin before the Ming Dynasty. Of course, don't tell the Ming people to call the "side wall" and use it as the basis for the construction of the "Ming Dynasty". In the Ming Dynasty, the ancient Great Wall was called "border wall", or the border wall built by the current dynasty was called "Great Wall", which is often seen in historical records.
14. The Qing Dynasty's "Rebuilding Gaolan County Record, Volume 18" contains: Gaolan County "The Great Wall is on the south bank of the Yellow River, and Qin Meng Tian built it." It was repaired in the first year of the Wanli Ming Dynasty (1573). Thick two, high times, earth color tough. Starting from the new city in the west, along the river and east, to the boundary of Dalanggou in Jingyuan County, it is about 200 li. "Dalanggou is the boundary ditch between Gaolan County and Jingyuan County, and the "Chronicle of Rebuilding Gaolan County" only records the 200-li Qin Great Wall on the south bank of the Yellow River from Gaolan County to Jingyuan County in the first year of the Wanli Ming Dynasty, instead of the Great Wall of Qin to the boundary of Jingyuan County. Field investigation proved that the Great Wall of Qin continued from Dalanggou in Yuan County along the south bank of the Yellow River to Ningxia and the inner bank of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia to Gaoque Great Wall.
15. The Qing "Jin County Record" contains: "The Great Wall is on the south bank of the Yellow River, built by Qin Mengtian. In the territory of present-day county, from the Sangyuan City at the junction of Gaolan in the northwest, it is ten miles long, along the river to the site of Shichuanbao City, which is more than two miles long. From Pingtanbao to Jingyuan Junction City in the east, it is more than two miles. ”
16. "Gansu New Tongzhi" contains: "The Great Wall of Gaolan County, the capital of Lanzhou, is on the south bank of the Yellow River, the county seat, and was built in the Qin Dynasty. ”
One word is wrong, and the whole plate is wrong
The sections recorded in the above ancient books of the Great Wall of Qinhuang all belong to the Great Wall on the inner bank of the Yellow River in Qinlongxi County and Beidi County.
Regarding the route of the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang, the "History of Qin Shi Huang" originally recorded very clearly: "From the east of the Yuzhong River ... The city is plugged on the river". Since 1927, when Wang Guoliang, an expert on the Great Wall of China, misinterpreted the word "merge" in his "Examination of the History of the Great Wall of China", Wang Guoliang forcibly pulled the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang from the inner bank of the Yellow River from Lanzhou to Jingyuan in Gansu Province to Guyuan on the "east" side, forcibly reunited with the Guyuan Great Wall in Ningxia, and did not let the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang "plug the city and river". Since then, many big experts and university scholars in the Great Wall research community have copied this error for a hundred years!
Regarding this "union" character "east of the merged river", the authoritative scholar of the ancient commentary "Shiji" said that the word "and" means "to be in the middle of the river", that is, to be next to each other. "East of the Hehe River" is to build the Great Wall to the east next to the Yellow River, and "from Yuzhong (present-day Yuzhong County, Gansu, on the south bank of the Yellow River)" to build the Great Wall "east" next to the Yellow River, which is naturally built to the south bank of the Yellow River in present-day Zhongwei City, Ningxia (the Yellow River flows from west to east in Zhongwei City). Therefore, the Great Wall route referred to in the phrase "east of the river" means that the Great Wall of Qinhuang started from Yuzhong, built the Great Wall to the east next to the Yellow River, and connected to the Yinshan Great Wall through Ningxia and the inner bank of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia. The "History of the First Emperor of Qin" records that the Great Wall barrier "Shenquan Barrier" (in present-day Wuzhong City, Ningxia) was built in "Fuping County (present-day Wuzhong City, Ningxia)" in Beidi County of Qinbei, and the "Notes on the Water Classic" and "Yuanhe County Tuzhi" recorded that there was a Great Wall barrier "Hun Huai Barrier" built in Taole County, Ningxia. The southwestern part of ancient Ningxia belonged to Qin Longxi County, and the northwest part belonged to Qinbei County, and the historical records of the Qin Dynasty recorded that the Great Wall "east of the Hehe River", "Shenquan Barrier (in present-day Wuzhong City, Ningxia)" and "Huanhuai Barrier (in present-day Taole County, Ningxia)" are the documentary evidence that Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall on the inner bank of the Yellow River in Longxi County and Beidi County, and it is the documentary evidence that Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall to the inner bank of the Yellow River in present-day Ningxia.
The twenty-sixth year (221 BC) of the Shi Huang of Qin reads: "The north is blocked by the river, and the Yin Mountain is to Liaodong." Regarding the route of the Great Wall referred to by the phrase "Heyin Mountain", Zhang Shoujie, an authoritative scholar of the ancient commentary "Shiji", said that the character "He" in this sentence is "Yi" and "Yi", that is, the meaning of next to each other, which is the same as the Obedience commentary. Therefore, the meaning of the above paragraph is that Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall along the Yellow River in the north, and then extended next to the Yin Mountain to Liaodong.
The above ancient documents are enough to prove that the Great Wall through Lanzhou in Gansu and the south bank of the Yellow River in Ningxia was first built in the Warring States Qin, and then built in the era of Qin Shi Huang and Han Gaozu. In the face of the Great Wall on the south bank of the Yellow River in Gansu and Ningxia, which is contained in authoritative texts of the Qin, Han, Tang and Song dynasties, it is needless to say that the Great Wall experts and archaeology professionals, even non-professionals who generally have the Chinese to read books, cannot say that the Great Wall of Qinhuang on the south bank of the Yellow River in Lanzhou has "no documents to prove" and "archaeological information to corroborate".
Many ancient books are not consulted, and the word "and" cannot be read, and the Great Wall experts mistakenly put the hat of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty on the head of the Great Wall of Qinhuang! When to remove the hat and rehabilitate?
The ruins of the Great Wall of Qin and the ancient beacon platform recorded in the historical books of the Song Dynasty are evidenced
The Song Dynasty's "Taiping Huanyu Ji" Longyou Dao Lanzhou article contains: "Lanzhou, the domain of Yongzhou in Yugong, the ancient western Qiang land, Qin and the world, Longxi County... and Qin merged the world, built the Great Wall to boundary, and the people and Qiang did not return to the south. The "History of Song and Geography" records that Huizhou "reached the south bank of the Yellow River in the north for more than 100 li of ancient beacon platform." Song Dynasty historical records record that the Qin Dynasty "built the Great Wall to the boundary, and the Qiang did not return to the south" in Longxi County, and there was also "the ancient beacon platform on the south bank of the Yellow River", which indicates that the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall and the "ancient beacon platform" in the south of the Yellow River in Longxi County. Since 2014, we have successively discovered multiple sections of the Great Wall of Qin on the south bank of the Yellow River in Zhongwei, Ningxia, with a total of 21 sites, each section of the Great Wall wall is intermittently connected, faintly appearing between hillsides, troughs and valleys. These sections of the Great Wall are all adapted to local conditions, made of local materials, or built with stones, rammed with loess, or made of graben mountains. The ancient beacons of the Great Wall of Qinhuang recorded in the "History of Song and Geography" still exist, some are built of stones, some are built of loess, some are well preserved, and some only have remnants, such as the first dun beacon, the second pier beacon, the pier top beacon, the hat cap mountain beacon, the pier beam top beacon, the Guanyin cliff beacon, the willow gully beacon, etc., they are integrated with the Great Wall on the south bank of the Yellow River Black Mountain Gorge across the valley, majestic and magnificent. The Great Wall of Qin and the ancient beacon platform that have survived before the Northern Song Dynasty in this area are ironclad evidence of the existence of the "Yuzhong" section and "east of the river" section of the Great Wall of Qinhuang, built by Qin Shi Huang and repaired by Han Gaozu.
Zhou Xinghua: On the south bank of the Black Mountain Gorge of the Yellow River in Zhongwei, Ningxia, Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with stones
Zhou Xinghua: On the south bank of the Black Mountain Gorge of the Yellow River in Zhongwei, Ningxia, Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with loess rammed and stoned
Zhou Xinghua: Ningxia Zhongwei Yellow River Black Mountain Gap south bank of the remains of the Great Wall of Qin Shi Huang
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