#历史开讲 #
The history of ancient China is an era full of legends and myths.
From the Chinese feudal empire established by the Qin Dynasty to the huge dynasty of the Ming and Qing dynasties, China's history has been long and splendid, each emperor has left his own unique mark, and every war has made the country stronger.
Let's travel through time and understand this magical era.
Qin Dynasty
In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang unified six states and established the Qin Dynasty, the first emperor in Chinese history to unify the world.
Qin Shi Huang fought wars throughout his life, built large-scale water conservancy projects and smuggling roads, and compiled the "Shiji" and "Book of Poetry", which left a strong mark in Chinese history.
Confucianism was valued by the Qin Dynasty, but due to the excessive authoritarianism and tyranny of Qin Shi Huang, the princes were not satisfied, and eventually in the late Qin Dynasty, the Qin state collapsed.
Han dynasty
In 206 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, and he was the first emperor in Chinese history.
China during the Han Dynasty was a relatively stable era, adopting the rule of Zhenguan, during which politics were clear, social stability and economic prosperity were achieved.
During the Han Dynasty, literature flourished, and many cultural celebrities appeared, such as Zhuangzi, Liu Xiang, Sima Qian, etc.
Tang dynasty
In 618, the Tang Dynasty was established. The Tang Dynasty was a time of relative cultural, economic and political stability and high prosperity in Chinese history.
The culture of the Tang Dynasty had a profound and extensive impact on China and its ethnic groups, and even on the civilizations of East Asia and its surrounding areas.
The most important emperor of the Tang Dynasty was Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, who built a sound political, economic and military system through reform, and was known as the "Son of Heaven who created a prosperous era".
During the Tang Dynasty, culture flourished, and poetry, calligraphy, and painting continued to innovate.
Tang poetry is an important part of ancient Chinese literature, and successive generations have called the poetry of this period "Sheng Tang". The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of the Tang Dynasty was a period when a large number of poets appeared in Chinese society, including Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Li Bai, Li Qingzhao and so on.
Song dynasty
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin usurped the throne and established the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was an era dominated by culture and technology, one of the most prosperous in Chinese history.
During the Song Dynasty, the level of science and technology was unprecedented, and many outstanding inventions appeared, such as gunpowder, magnetic needles, etc. The geographical discoveries of the Song Dynasty and transoceanic trade also had an important impact on the pattern of world civilization.
During the Song Dynasty, there were extremely high achievements in culture, painting, poetry, etc., and works such as "Journey to the West" and "Dream of Red Mansions" were praised as treasures of Chinese culture.
Among the works of the Song people, superb calligraphy and painting are unique, and the culture of the Song Dynasty is revered as the "period of convergence of the three schools of Confucianism and Taoism".
Yuan
In 1271 AD, Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan, established the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was the first Mongol ruler in Chinese history.
The leaders of the foreign peoples of the Yuan Dynasty did not attach importance to Chinese Confucian culture, but advocated Mongolian culture.
The geographical discoveries of the Yuan Dynasty saw trade between China and Europe in the northwest, thus opening an era of magnificent exchanges.
During the Yuan Dynasty, there were fewer poets, but they sketched the true face of China in prose.
Ma Zhiyuan's "The World Speaks New Words", Han Shizhong's "Say Yue Quan", Lu Xun's "New Compilation of Stories" and other works influenced later culture and art.
Ming dynasty
In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang successfully established the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, and Zhu Yuanzhang implemented the "national innovation and nine-product zhongzheng system", deepened the reform of the political system and the reform of the local system, and maintained the stability of the feudal system.
The cultural prosperity of the Ming Dynasty was manifested in literature, art, drama, science and other fields, Hanfu frozen by time, ingenious wood carving, and constantly improving agricultural production level, which brought people great comfort and cultural enjoyment.
Qing Dynasty
In 1644, the Manchus entered the customs to establish the Qing Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, and because the Qing Dynasty was an empire of ethnic minorities, there were certain preferential policies, so that the cultural inheritance of the Manchus could be preserved and developed.
During the Kangxi period, he explored Tibetan areas and Xinjiang, and during the Qianlong period, explored the circulation of the Karakun Pass, expanding the territory of China.
During the Qing Dynasty, literary creativity was low, but there were extremely high achievements in historiography and philology, such as Zheng Banqiao, Xu Xiake, etc., whose letters, notes and other historical materials recorded unforgettable events in Chinese history.
summary
Chinese history, from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, covers more than 2,000 years, a period full of development, upheaval, and change.
During this period, each dynasty had its own unique characteristics and merits, and there were many important achievements and contributions in politics, economy and culture.
Through this long and magnificent history, we can gain insight into the treasures and true values of ancient Chinese civilization.